What are the different interpretations of "nation" and "race"?

The question of "what is a nation" first encountered a linguistic problem.

The word "nation" only appeared in China's social texts at the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century.

. English-speaking nations are quite different from Chinese "nations" in semantics. In many areas

Therefore, the word "nation" in China is often confused with the concepts of race and country. Nation depends on people.

Physical form of some homogeneous features (skin color, eyes, hair color, blood type, bones).

As a symbol, it belongs to anthropology and biology. Such as Dai, Zhuang, Yi and Han,

Tibetans, etc. Are races in the anthropological and biological sense. The usage of Chinese "nationality" is very important.

On many occasions, it can refer to race, such as "Han nationality" and "ethnic minorities". In the English environment,

The difference between nationality and race is very obvious, and race is strictly anthropological and biological.

Used, such as "black", "white" and "Asian". And "nation" belongs to society.

Sociology, politics and history.

"Nation" is characterized by language, region, economic life, traditional culture and psychological quality.

Such as Chinese nation, American nation, Indian nation, Iranian nation, Arab nation and Japanese nation.

German nation, etc. A nation is obviously completely different from a race. A nation can include several.

There are dozens of different races, such as the Chinese nation. People of the same race can also belong to

The Han nationality and other different nationalities belong to the Chinese nation in China, and those who immigrated to the United States belong to the American people.

Family.

In Chinese, "nation" and "country" are two completely different words.

However, the word "nation" in English includes both "country" and "nation".

But also emphasizes political characteristics. Such as Western European countries (Western Europe)

China), the United Nations (UN).

For example, nationwide refers to the whole country, not the whole nation.

The national anthem refers to the national anthem, not the national anthem.

National parks are national parks, not national parks.

In the English word nation, the meaning of "country" is higher than that of "nation".

The semantic differences between Chinese and English make it very difficult to use "nationality".

Big deviation. Chinese tends to be understood as race, anthropology and biology; And English is more.

Land use in the sense of "country" highlights the meaning of sociology and politics. This ambiguity lies in

The concept of "nationalism" will be more obvious.

Nation belongs to a certain historical category and is the product of the development of human society to a certain historical stage.

Combination mode. When we talk about "nation" and define it today, we are actually thinking about nationalism.

Tide or theory provides a theoretical basis or explanation. The need to conceptualize "nation" lies in the present history.

A generation of the country. In other words, the country needs the concept of "nation" to determine.

Territory, population and sovereignty. Any social organization must have a defined domain, which explains the boundaries of the organization.

Including what kind of person, scope of power and operation of power. So, "nation" and "country"

Closely related in concept. Without the concept of "country", the concept of nation will be lost.

The origin of history cannot be defined. Modern countries need the concept of state. The nation-state is politics.

Units express their collective self-awareness through the same values, history and symbolic behavior. in this

In a sense, the nation-state is a special collective identity.

Here, we have two concepts of China's "nation": one is anthropology and biology.

"traditional national view" in the sense; The other is "modern man" in the sense of sociology and politics.

Family concept "nationalism" can only be linked with "modern national concept", otherwise it will

Fall into great confusion. For example, the concept of "Chinese nation" has not existed since ancient times, but in

Only in very modern social discourse. The Chinese nation does not refer to the Han nationality or any special nation.

Nation, but a politically unified country including the people of China and all ethnic groups. Using blood sources,

It is impossible to define the "Chinese nation" by language, religion, cultural traditions and folk customs.

Another more obvious example is the "American nation" as a modern nation. American nationals

The formation has nothing to do with the elements of any of the above ethnic groups. It is made in America.

It's only 200 years since birth. It is impossible to form in such a short time.

It has a unique language, religion and cultural tradition. Moreover, the United States as an immigrant country, its species

Ethnic origins are almost all over the world, including major ethnic groups in Europe, and there are no clans, tribes or ministries at all.

In the history of the country's formation.

Both "Chinese nation" and "American nation" do exist, but their definitions are specific.

The content is more complicated than other ethnic groups. Although it is difficult for us to define them by "traditional national concept",

However, we can easily define it by "modern national concept".

As a "nation" in nationalism, it can only be a "modern national concept".

A modern concept, it can only be in the sense of sociology and politics. "racism"

"Race" in (racism) is related to "traditional national concept". "master of race

Righteousness and nationalism are completely different words in English, and there is nothing between them.

"Blood relationship". Nationalism is divided into "racial", "cultural" and "political"

Those who rule nationalism show absolute ignorance of nationalism. "The Lord?

Righteousness can only be "politics", not anything else, whether it is "mature" or not.