Overview of geography and humanistic factors in senior high school

Study hard, never be satisfied with your own achievements, constantly pursue further understanding, expand more extensive extracurricular accumulation, and constantly set higher learning goals for yourself. I would like to share with you some summaries of humanistic factors in high school geography, hoping to help you.

human geography

1. Factors affecting population migration

(1) natural ecological environment factors

(1) Humans moved to areas with superior natural environment and rich natural resources.

② Population migration caused by environmental deterioration and natural disasters.

③ Population migration to protect the local ecological environment.

(2) Economic factors (the most important factor): pursuing higher economic income; The development of traffic has promoted population migration.

(3) Political factors: policy and war.

(4) Social and cultural factors: family, marriage, education and religion.

2. The influence of population migration on the places of immigration and emigration.

(1) the influence of population migration on the place of immigration

① Beneficial effects: make up for the shortage of labor force and promote resource development and economic development; Promote the development of urbanization; Introduce advanced technology and talents.

② Adverse effects: aggravating ecological and environmental problems; Urban pressure: employment difficulties, traffic congestion, housing difficulties, public security problems and so on.

(2) the influence of population migration on the place of emigration

(1) beneficial effects: strengthen contact with the outside world; Relieve the contradiction between local people and protect the ecological environment. Increase economic income

② Adverse effects: resulting in the loss of labor and talents.

3. Urban location factors

(1) Geographical location factor

① Climate: moderate temperature and precipitation.

② Flat terrain, fertile soil, convenient farming, convenient transportation and saving construction investment are ideal areas for urban layout.

③ River: providing water source.

(2) the factors of economic geography location

① Transportation: The perfection and development of transportation facilities, locations along transportation lines, transportation hubs and transportation have a far-reaching impact on the changes and rise and fall of urban form and spatial pattern.

② Natural resources: Being close to the origin of mineral resources is conducive to the formation of industrial and mining cities.

③ Others: commodity agricultural bases and border trade ports.

(3) Political, cultural and geographical factors.

Policy, religion, tourism, science and technology, etc.

4. Manifestations and solutions of urban environmental problems

(1) Performance of urban environmental problems

① Urban environment tends to deteriorate: air pollution, water pollution, solid waste pollution and noise pollution.

② Dense population and traffic congestion.

③ Land price and rent are expensive.

(4) Employment difficulties and social instability.

(2) Solutions

① Rational layout of industrial enterprises, establishment of green isolation belt, and governance of urban environment.

② Establish satellite cities and develop new areas.

③ Control urban population growth.

④ Reasonable layout of urban roads to improve urban traffic conditions.

⑤ Accelerate housing construction and improve urban living conditions.

⑥ Accelerate economic development and provide jobs.

5. Agricultural location factors

(1) natural factors

(1) Terrain: flat terrain, suitable for the development of planting; Mountainous and hilly areas are suitable for the development of horticulture, forestry and animal husbandry.

② Climate: light, heat, precipitation and temperature difference.

③ Water source: water quality and quantity.

④ Land: Land area and quality (soil fertility, pH, air permeability, water retention, etc.). )

⑤ Pests and diseases: There are many pests and diseases in hot and humid areas.

⑥ Natural disasters

(2) technical and economic factors

① Labor force: the quality and experience of the labor force.

② Planting methods: single cropping, interplanting, mixed cropping, continuous cropping, etc.

③ Farming system: also known as mature system.

④ Technical equipment: it is beneficial to improve agricultural labor productivity.

⑤ Production technology: improve seed cultivation, farming technology, crop cultivation, water and fertilizer control and pest control.

(3) socio-economic factors

① Labor force: quantity and price

② Market: consumption of agricultural products, the distance and scale of the market, etc.

③ Policy

④ Traffic

6. The main distribution and characteristics of agricultural regional types

7. Industrial location factors

(1) natural factors

① Raw materials: quantity, quality, distance and price.

② Fuel ③ Water ④ Land: Area

(2) socio-economic factors

Market, transportation, policy, labor force, land price, agglomeration, technology, capital, industrial and agricultural (economic) foundation, supporting industries and infrastructure.

(3) Environmental factors

① Environmental requirements of industries: Most high-tech industries are located in scenic areas.

② Degree of industrial pollution: Enterprises without industrial pollution can be organized in urban areas; Enterprises with moderate and light pollution should be located in the suburbs; Enterprises with heavy pollution should be located in the outer suburbs.

③ Type of industrial pollution: enterprises with air pollution should be located in the downwind direction of the maximum wind frequency or in the suburbs perpendicular to the prevailing wind; Enterprises with water pollution should be far away from rivers or located in the lower reaches of rivers; Enterprises with solid waste pollution should stay away from farmland and residential areas.

8. Benefits of industrial agglomeration

(1) * * * Enjoy infrastructure and public * * * services and reduce costs.

(2) Save transportation costs, reduce energy consumption, and concentrate on garbage disposal.

③ Cooperate to promote scientific and technological innovation and improve the utilization rate of resources.

9. Advantages and disadvantages of various modes of transportation and the choice of modes of cargo transportation.

① Highway transportation: good flexibility and poor continuity, suitable for short-distance transportation.

(2) Railway transportation: fast speed and large volume, suitable for long-distance transportation of bulk and heavy goods.

(3) Air transportation: It has fast transportation speed, high freight rate and small size, and is suitable for long-distance transportation of "light but expensive" goods.

(4) Maritime transportation: with large volume, low freight rate and slow speed, it is suitable for long-distance transportation of bulk and bulky items with low timeliness requirements.

⑤ River transportation: It has a large volume, low freight rate and slow speed, and is suitable for long-distance transportation of large quantities and pieces with low timeliness requirements.

⑥ Pipeline transportation: good continuity, little natural influence, suitable for transporting gaseous and liquid goods.

10. Factors affecting the layout of traffic lines

1 1. Location conditions of port construction

12. Impact of traffic line construction on regional development

13. Impact of cross-regional allocation of resources on geographical environment

14. Impact of industrial transfer on transfer-in and transfer-out areas

(1) Impact on land transfer

① Optimize industrial structure ② Improve regional environmental quality.

③ Promote industrial division of labor and cooperation: develop high-tech industries, develop them into long-term industries, and attach importance to product design and marketing.

(4) In a short period of time, the number of jobs decreased and the number of unemployed people increased.

(2) the impact on the transfer site

① Optimize industrial structure ② Intensify regional environmental pollution.

③ Promote industrial division of labor and cooperation: develop labor-intensive industries and resource-intensive industries, develop mature and declining industries, and attach importance to product processing.

(4) The increase of jobs will ease the employment pressure.

15. the causes of wetland and its ecological and economic value

(1) Genesis of Wetland

① More incoming water: plenty of rainwater (snow, glacier melt water, groundwater and lake water) is replenished; The river network is dense and there are many tributaries.

② Less water removal: less pervaporation and weak excretory capacity.

(2) the value of wetlands

① Ecological value: water conservation, flood storage, beautifying environment, regulating climate, purifying water body and maintaining biodiversity.

② Economic value: shipping, irrigation and providing agricultural and sideline products.

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① Purify air, ② adjust climate, ③ maintain biodiversity, ④ conserve water, ⑤ conserve soil and water, ⑤ prevent wind and fix sand, and ⑤ beautify the environment.

17. Causes and control measures of desertification (desertification, rocky desertification and salinization)

(1) Desertification

① Cause of formation

A. Natural causes: scarce precipitation, strong sunlight, vigorous evaporation, arid climate and insufficient water resources; The soil is loose, the vegetation is scarce, the wind is frequent and the wind erosion is strong.

B. Human factors: overgrazing, excessive reclamation, excessive logging, unreasonable utilization of water resources, and neglect of environmental protection in industrial and mining traffic construction.

② Preventive measures

A. Rational utilization of water resources: for example, improving farming and irrigation technical conditions and promoting water-saving agriculture; Rational allocation of water resources in the upper, middle and lower reaches of rivers in arid inland areas.

B. Build a protection system with biological and engineering measures, such as closing sand, planting grass and planting trees.

C. Adjusting the relationship between agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry: returning farmland to forests and grasslands

D. ban firewood and mines to solve the energy problem in agricultural and pastoral areas.

E. controlling population growth, improving population quality and moderately ecological migration

(2) rocky desertification

① Cause of formation

A. Natural causes: loose surface materials, sparse vegetation, bare rocks, more rocks and less soil, and thin soil layer; Broken terrain, frequent droughts and floods, serious soil erosion.

B. Man-made reasons: the rapid population growth has increased the pressure on land, leading to over-exploitation of sloping land, deforestation and overgrazing.

② Preventive measures

Closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation, planting trees and grass, returning farmland to forests and grasslands, and ecological migration.

(3) salinization

① Cause of formation

A. Natural causes: dry climate (evaporation is greater than precipitation); Flat terrain and poor drainage; High groundwater level; The soil is loose and water evaporates easily.

B. Man-made reasons: flood irrigation, only irrigation without drainage; Excessive application of chemical fertilizers, etc.

② Preventive measures

Developing water-saving irrigation: sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation; Combination of irrigation and drainage; Well irrigation and well drainage; Desalination and salt washing; Farmland cover (reducing evaporation); Afforestation and so on.

18. Countermeasures for sustainable development of agriculture

(1) Ecological sustainability

Through a series of measures, control land pollution, soil erosion, land desertification, salinization and deforestation, create a good ecological environment for the sustainable development of agriculture, and promote the sustainable development of agriculture.

(2) Economic sustainability

① Adjust the agricultural structure and rural economic structure: according to the actual situation in various places, reasonably arrange the proportion of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and by-fishing; Attach importance to the development of secondary and tertiary industries (such as tourism) and increase farmers' income.

② Promoting the process of agricultural industrialization: actively promoting the construction of leading enterprises focusing on the deep processing of agricultural and livestock products, extending the industrial chain, increasing the added value of agricultural and livestock products and accelerating the development of rural economy.

(3) Accelerating the application and popularization of agricultural technology depends on: relying on science and technology to improve the agricultural science and technology extension system, improving farmers' cultural quality, cultivating new varieties, increasing the scientific and technological content of agricultural products and improving market competitiveness.

④ Adopt conservation tillage methods, such as no-tillage, fallow and less tillage.

⑤ Make rational use of agricultural land according to local conditions, such as crop rotation.

⑥ Improve traffic, strengthen publicity, build brands and expand the sales scope of agricultural products.

⑦ Improve protection policies and strengthen supervision and law enforcement.

(3) Social sustainability

Strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure, improve agricultural production conditions, improve land that is not conducive to agricultural cultivation, control land that is vulnerable to drought and flood disasters, improve water source irrigation conditions, and create basic farmland with high and stable yield.

19. Countermeasures for industrial sustainable development

① Adjust the industrial structure and develop emerging industries (high-tech industries) and tertiary industries ② Adjust the industrial layout and make reasonable planning to ensure the balanced development of all industries.

③ Expand traffic, improve traffic network and improve regional openness ④ Develop science and technology, update equipment and improve resource utilization.

⑤ Control pollution, beautify the environment ⑤ Control industrial pollution discharge and promote cleaner production.

20. Reasons for the early rise, decline and revival of Ruhr.

(1) Reasons for the previous increase

① Rich coal resources ② Close to the iron mine area ③ Rich water resources ④ Convenient land and water transportation ⑤ Broad market.

(2) the reason for the decline

(1) The energy status of coal is declining; (2) global steel surplus; (3) Single production structure; (4) the influence of the new technological revolution; (5) Serious environmental pollution.

(3) the reasons for the revival

① Promote the diversification of economic structure and develop emerging industries and tertiary industries.

(2) the merger of steel and coal enterprises, reduce the number of enterprises, expand the scale of enterprises, improve production efficiency.

③ Developing science and technology to prosper economy ④ Adjusting industrial layout; Beautify the environment ⑤ develop traffic.

2 1. Comprehensive benefits of cascade development

Flood control, irrigation, power generation, tourism and shipping

22. Location factors affecting dam site selection

(1) natural factors

(1) The river is rich; (2) The river has a large topographic drop and a fast flow rate.

③ Geological stability ④ Canyon topography or pocket topography.

(2) Social factors

Market demand, capital, technology, labor, economic base, infrastructure, reservoir resettlement, policies, etc.

23. The significance, function, benefit, benefit and impact on sustainable development of a human activity.

① Economy: promoting economic development; Optimize the industrial structure; Drive the development of related industries; Increase residents' economic income; Improve economic benefits; Promote the process of industrialization

② Society: improve infrastructure; Increase employment opportunities; Improve the living standards of residents; Promote social stability; Promote the process of urbanization

③ Ecology: reducing environmental problems: promoting the rational and full utilization of resources; Reduce environmental pollution; Reduce ecological damage and so on.

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