Comparison between Jingdezhen porcelain and Chaozhou porcelain

A large number of household porcelain and display porcelain, featuring homemade porcelain, are known as "white as jade, bright as a mirror, thin as paper, and loud as stone", with a complete range of products, reaching three names. Porcelain is excellent, light in shape and diverse in decoration. In terms of decoration, there are blue and white, underglaze red, ancient color, pastel, bucket color, new color, underglaze multicolor, exquisite blue and white, etc. Among them, blue and white and pastel products are big heads, and glass is a famous product. Glaze colors are cyan, blue, red, yellow, black and so on. Only the red glaze system, namely Jun Hong, Lang Yaohong, Ji Hong and Rose Purple, was fired with "reducing flame". These products are world-famous.

China ancient porcelain, in terms of glaze color, has a tradition of advocating cyan, and cyan is the most precious. The colors pursued by past dynasties are nothing more than cyan porcelain with different shades and slightly different artistic conception, and heavy colored glaze has never been painted. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Jingdezhen Kiln imitated the color tone and moist texture of blue and white jade, and creatively produced a kind of blue and white porcelain, which made the art of blue and white porcelain reach its peak. This kind of blue and white porcelain is mostly engraved with dark patterns on the blank, thin and carved into transparent patterns such as flying phoenix, which can be seen inside and outside, and the glaze color is blue, so it is also called shadow blue porcelain. At that time, this kind of celadon was popular in China, and it was known as Jingdezhen porcelain in the world, which made Jingdezhen stand out among the major porcelain kilns in the north and south and strive for a place.

Jingdezhen porcelain industry developed to Yuan Dynasty, and its technology had epoch-making changes. In a short century, following the creation of blue-and-white porcelain in Song Dynasty, new varieties of white porcelain, blue-and-white, blue-and-white glaze red and blue-and-white glaze red with high aluminum and oxygen content were successfully created and fired, which ended the situation that China porcelain was dominated by monochromatic glaze, pushed porcelain decoration into a new era of underglaze color, and formed the distinctive characteristics of China porcelain. So as to push Jingdezhen ceramic industry to a further leading position.

Ming Dynasty is the beginning of Jingdezhen's heyday, and ceramic art has gathered the essence of porcelain art in previous dynasties and achieved higher development. The existing varieties of the previous generation are all available at this time; A large number of new technologies and new decoration techniques also came into being. Such as Yongle and Xuande blue and white, fresh and elegant, vivid and vivid, keep pace with ink painting; Bright red, if the color is like the morning glow, it can be as bright as an auspicious day to announce Ji Hong; Under-glaze color and over-glaze color cover each other and are soft and delicate. As thin as paper, as bright as jade, Yongle thin tire is sweet and white; Magnificent Jiajing and Wanli are colorful; There are three plain colors: yellow, green and purple, such as peacock green, deep blue, delicate and soft light yellow and steady alum red, all of which were created in the Ming Dynasty, such as a hundred flowers blooming, colorful and extremely beautiful.

In the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, the imperial court set up the Imperial Kiln Factory in Jingdezhen. At that time, there were 58 official kilns and hundreds of private kilns in the town. "White smoke covers the sky during the day and red flame burns the sky at night", which shows the grand scale of production at that time. Among the more than 40 porcelain kilns opened by Yusheng, Zhejiang Longquan Kiln is still dominated by celadon. Most other kilns were depressed due to stagnant skills, or sank due to war. Only Jingdezhen is the "gathering place of porcelain kilns in the world" and the national firing center.

After the Opium War, China became a semi-feudal and semi-colonial society, China's national industry was severely damaged, and thousands of famous kilns also stagnated and tended to decline. The production level of ceramics is declining, the production scale is shrinking, and the manufacturing technology is still using the old methods.

Jingdezhen, after all, has a long tradition of making porcelain, and the vast number of porcelain workers have disappeared. Under extremely difficult circumstances, Jingdezhen vigorously developed the production of antique porcelain and fine arts porcelain featuring handcraft skills, and persisted in fighting against foreign machine-made daily-use porcelain, thus maintaining the international reputation of China porcelain and showing the potential of revitalizing ceramics in decline.

Modern Jingdezhen porcelain-making technology inherits the traditional craft, absorbs and draws lessons from the essence at home and abroad, and makes ceramic production reach a higher level.

Therefore, a history of Chinese ceramics is an image of China's history, and also an image of China's national cultural history.

Chaozhou

Porcelain produced in Chaozhou, China and nearby counties and towns. Located on the banks of Hanjiang River in Chaoshan Plain, Dong Jiao, Guangdong Province, it was the main producer and exporter of porcelain in history. There are Feitianyan porcelain clay mines in the suburbs, which are rich in resources and excellent in quality, which constitute the basic conditions for the development of Chaozhou porcelain.

Chaozhou produced blue and white porcelain in the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, the production scale of Shuidong Kiln in Bijiashan in the east of the city was large. The main producing area in Ming and Qing dynasties was Fengxi, and colored porcelain was exported one after another, and it was even bigger in Kangxi period. 19 15, Chaozhou painted porcelain won the prize at the Pacific World Expo. After 1950, the production scale has been continuously expanded and the quality has been rapidly improved. 1986 Chaozhou Porcelain won the China Arts and Crafts Hundred Flowers Award Gold Cup Award, Leipzig International Expo Gold Award and Bulgarian International Expo Gold Award respectively. Chaozhou has become a comprehensive ceramic producing area integrating mining, ceramic production, ceramic machinery manufacturing, ceramic research and teaching.

Chaozhou porcelain is pure and delicate, with white, blue, shadow blue, yellow and sauce colors. Porcelain products include daily-use porcelain, art exhibition porcelain, architectural and industrial ceramics, among which art exhibition porcelain is the most famous. Porcelain carvings, flowers and porcelain flowers are unique high-grade artworks in Fengxi Town, Chaozhou City. Porcelain figures, animals and bonsai are ingenious in conception, novel in conception, fine in craftsmanship, generous in shape and beautiful in lines. These products are exported to more than 60 countries and regions such as Europe, America and Southeast Asia.