Greek immigration documentary video

Human society is developing constantly, so far no force can stop people from moving forward. At first, there were no human beings on the earth, but human beings are creatures on the earth, which only appeared after millions of years of evolution. Therefore, at the beginning of human development, the level of each region was basically the same, from Paleolithic to Neolithic, and then entered civilized society. However, there is a gap in the development process, so there is a saying that civilization originated in the center. Now we are familiar with the origin centers of civilization, including the Nile Valley in Africa, the two river basins in West Asia, the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins in China, the Indus Valley and the Aegean Sea. The first four countries, which belong to the river civilization and developed by rivers, are called the four ancient civilizations. It is also the origin center of civilization. Why can ancient Greece, the representative of Aegean civilization, be brought into the system of ancient civilization?

As the representative of Aegean regional civilization, ancient Greece has always been regarded as one of the sources of western civilization. The Greek civilization in history is also extremely brilliant. Compared with the four ancient civilizations, it also created a unique democratic politics opposite to the absolute monarchy, which is of reference significance to the proof of the western world and even the whole world today.

The glory of ancient Greek civilization is first reflected in its developed democratic politics. It is a model of modern democratic system and the cradle of democratic politics. During the Greek period, democracy was born and developed in Athens through the reform and promotion of Solon, Knies Tini and Pericles. Pericles once explained the democratic system practiced in Athens:

From this sentence, we can see the idea that "sovereignty lies with the people" contained in Athenian democracy. Although Pericles's "Citizen" does not include foreigners and slaves who also live in Athens, on the condition of "sovereignty belongs to the people", it advocates that most people jointly manage the country and everyone is equal before the law, which provides a model and ideological source for western democratic politics.

Secondly, brilliant philosophy is also an important reason why ancient Greek civilization is famous in the world. Ancient Greek philosophy, which appeared in Greece and the Mediterranean coast in the 6th-5th century BC, was the initial stage of the emergence and development of western philosophy. Ancient Greek philosophy has a profound influence on the whole world, paving the way for later philosophy and modern science. Both the Renaissance and the Enlightenment were influenced by ancient Greek philosophy. The most representative ancient Greek philosophers are the "three sages of Greece"-Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates is regarded as the founder of Greek philosophy, and his thoughts and viewpoints provide reference for the development of world philosophy. Plato, a student of Aristotle, wrote The Republic, which described the "perfect" country in his fantasy. And left a lot of philosophical dialogues for future generations, which influenced many people. As a student of Plato, Aristotle's works include physics, metaphysics, ethics, politics, poetics and many other works, so he is called the most learned man in ancient Greece and made initial preparations for later scientific exploration.

Like children, human beings have gone through the stages from ignorance to exploring the world, including the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, the agricultural civilization age, and finally the modern industrial civilization and the scientific information age. These are several stages that people divide when studying human history, and they have basically been universally recognized. Different scholars have different definitions of ancient civilization. In China's encyclopedia, it is believed that an ancient civilization first entered slave society from primitive society. "Civilization" is an advanced state of human consciousness corresponding to "barbarism". Only when human beings develop from an egalitarian primitive clan society to a class society with polarization between the rich and the poor and class opposition can they produce a country. The country that was the first to transition to a class society, had a considerable impact on all countries in the world and made an important contribution to human civilization is called an ancient civilization. The four ancient civilizations can be widely recognized because their civilizations have had an indelible impact on the world.

The four ancient civilizations correspond to different regions. Although the pace of development is not consistent, there are * * * common characteristics among them, and these * * * characteristics have also become the reference for people to define ancient civilization.

Moreover, there are unified words to record that "words are a symbol that carries people's ideology and culture." Written language, in space and time, links human beings together, so that excellent ideas and cultures can be passed down from generation to generation. Therefore, the characters bearing language are extremely important factors in the evolution of civilization.

"People come to the city for safety and gather in the city for a better life." Cities are the product of economic and social development to a certain historical stage, the most important area for human beings to create civilization and gather wealth, and the symbol of social progress and civilized development. When most scholars define civilization, whether there is a city has become an important reference standard. There are great differences between cities and primitive settlements produced by human natural settlements. In China, "city" refers to the place with defensive walls, and the military defense function occupies the most important position, which is the place people choose to build.

"Architecture" is the earliest art, which creates an artificial social activity space or artificial environment by dealing with an actual place, which is determined by social practice. Etiquette architecture often carries people's spiritual and ideological sustenance, and is the material carrier of this civilization to maintain cohesion. For example, early ancestral temple buildings in China and Egyptian pyramids.

The concept of ancient civilization was put forward by Liang Qichao, a genius in the late Qing Dynasty. In Song of the Pacific Ocean in the Twentieth Century, he regarded China, ancient India, ancient Egypt and Asia Minor as four ancient civilizations. Liang Qichao's views have also been recognized by many scholars. Even the large-scale documentary "The Trajectory of Civilization" produced by the British BBC regards these four regions as the world's four ancient civilizations and centers of civilization origin. Ancient Greek civilization belongs to secondary civilization.

The four ancient civilizations mentioned above all belong to primitive civilizations, which were naturally produced in the continuous development of human society and formed in a specific natural area without external interference. But ancient Greek civilization does not belong to primitive civilization. The emergence of ancient Greek civilization was actually influenced by ancient Egyptian civilization and Mesopotamian civilization, not entirely the result of the natural evolution and development of Greeks. The four ancient civilizations occupy a dominant position in their respective fields and cultures. They will take their respective regions as the center and form a cultural radiation to the surrounding areas. In addition, the Greeks are not indigenous to Greece. Before that, there were Crete civilization and Mycenae civilization, which were naturally produced. Both of them are autocratic kingship in political system, which is completely different from the developed democratic politics in Greece. Some scholars say that it was the Greek invasion that led to the fracture of Aegean civilization. In addition, the four ancient civilizations all have their own scripts, and the ancient Greek scripts are derived from Egyptian scripts.

The similarity of the four ancient civilizations also includes that they are all a unified and complete country. Their civilization, from generation to generation to prosperity, is confined to a complete country. Although there will be dynasties, the people who created civilization have not changed, and the geographical area has not changed. And ancient Greece was composed of many large and small city-States, which were economically. Politically independent, these city-states did not form a unified country, so ancient Greece was regarded more as a city-state civilization than a country.

In fact, the definition of civilization has not reached a completely unified conclusion. Just like China, we think it has a history of over 5,000 years, but in the eyes of many foreign scholars, the civilization of China is only over 3,000 years, counting from Shang Dynasty. Because the systematic characters were found in the Yin Ruins of Shangdu, this is the best evidence of the existence of civilization. For the Xia Dynasty, although large-scale urban buildings, ancestral temple sacrificial buildings and developed bronze ritual vessels were discovered, due to the lack of words, it is still impossible to completely conclude that they are historical facts. In fact, whether people admit it or not, the civilization in history will not change because of our attitude, just as there is no ancient Greece among the four ancient civilizations, it will not affect people's yearning and admiration for its civilization. What we should do more is to learn from the wisdom of the ancients and work hard for today's glory.