How to build an ecological protection development zone

The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the idea of building ecological civilization for the first time, which is a further deepening of Scientific Outlook on Development's understanding of the laws of socialist modernization. To build an ecological civilization, as pointed out in the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, "the industrial structure, growth mode and consumption mode of saving energy resources and protecting the ecological environment have basically taken shape." Therefore, saving energy resources and protecting the ecological environment are the main framework of ecological civilization construction. Realizing the transformation of industrial structure, growth mode and consumption mode is the main starting point of building ecological civilization at present. Combined with the situation of Gansu Province, harsh natural conditions, small economic aggregate and low per capita level are the most basic provincial conditions. Bad natural conditions are the most basic feature of the province. To implement Scientific Outlook on Development, achieve sound and rapid economic and social development and accelerate the construction of ecological civilization, Gansu must first repair and change the harsh ecological environment. The most basic way to repair and change the harsh ecological environment is to protect, construct and manage the nature reserves in the province. Nature reserves have the closest relationship with the ecological environment, and are the basis and carrier of building ecological civilization, which plays a great role in the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, the realization of good ecology and the construction of ecological civilization. In Gansu, it is separated from nature reserves and ecological civilization construction.

At present, to implement the spirit of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, as far as the forestry industry is concerned, the most basic thing is to build an ecological civilization and do a good job in the nature reserves of the province's forestry system. The starting point of all work in nature reserves should be measured by the requirements of building ecological civilization, and from this new starting point, we should look for ideas and practices that do not meet and adapt to the requirements of building ecological civilization. It is necessary to carefully analyze and accurately grasp the current stage characteristics of the development of nature reserves, and put forward ideas and measures that meet the requirements of Scientific Outlook on Development and are suitable for the construction of ecological civilization, so as to realize the sound and rapid development of nature reserves.

After decades of development, especially in recent ten years, Gansu forestry system nature reserves have basically met the needs of economic and social development in quantity, and natural ecological types and biodiversity such as forests, wetlands, rare wild animals and plants have been protected. 49 nature reserves have been built, including national 12, provincial 36 and county 1. According to the types, there are 24 forest ecological types, 8 wildlife types, 9 wetland types and 8 desert types. The total area of the reserve is 9.63 million hectares, accounting for 22.438+0% of the total land area of the province. It is in a leading position in the construction of national nature reserves. The improvement of quality is relatively lagging behind, good and fast. The stage characteristics of the development of protected areas are mainly manifested in system, management, capital and infrastructure construction. It can be summarized as "three levels and six categories". The "three levels" are divided into four indicators: system, management, capital and infrastructure. The first-class protected area refers to a protected area with relatively early construction, smooth management system, good infrastructure construction, guaranteed funds and remarkable scientific research achievements, which has certain influence in the whole country and the whole province. The management system of secondary protected areas has just been straightened out, work has just started, funds have been gradually implemented, infrastructure is under construction and the development momentum is rapid. The management system of the third-level protected areas is not straightened out, the infrastructure can't keep up, the protection means are weak, and the work is difficult. The "six categories" are divided according to the management of people, money and things. The first category: civilian province, financial country. The second category: financial management belongs to the provincial management, and the leading group entrusts the city (state) management. The third category: the people, property, materials and business work in the reserve are under the provincial control, and the people, property and materials in the field (station) are under the control of the relevant county. The fourth category: it is a national protected area, which belongs to the county (district) and has a departmental organizational system. People, money and things are under the county's control. Class ⅴ: It belongs to the national protected area and is managed by relevant units. The sixth category: the management system is relatively smooth, and people, finances, materials and all businesses are under provincial control.

The above situation shows that the management system and fund supply of nature reserves in our province are diversified, and the level of standardized management and infrastructure construction is different. In particular, the problem that human development and sustainable economic and social development of protected areas cannot be considered is very prominent. In order to solve these contradictions and problems that are incompatible with Scientific Outlook on Development and the construction of ecological civilization, and realize the sound and rapid development of nature reserves at all levels of the province's forestry system, we must grasp and adhere to the "Four Principles", implement the "One Outline, Five Objectives" and handle the work priorities of the "Three Major Relationships".

Adhere to the "Four Principles". It means protection according to law, strict management, scientific utilization and orderly development. The four principles are interdependent and interrelated and cannot be neglected. Only by protection according to law can strict management be achieved. Protection is not to control death, but to establish a correct concept of protection and development according to Scientific Outlook on Development's requirements, so as to achieve "control without death, live without chaos". Scientific utilization means rational utilization of resources and energy conservation. Development must be orderly, paid and limited, developing in protection and protecting in development.

Implement "one program, five goals". That is, protection is the "key". Scientific research, industry, infrastructure, system and mechanism, and law enforcement are that "purpose". The purpose of establishing protected areas is to protect natural resources and biodiversity. This tenet cannot be lost. Therefore, protection is the key link and the lifeline and foundation of nature reserves. On the premise of keeping this "plan" unchanged, the plan should be open-minded and effectively promote the development of other undertakings in the reserve. First, strengthen scientific research in nature reserves, improve scientific research conditions, organize scientific research in a planned way, and carry out scientific research in line with their own characteristics. Improve the scientific research ability and level of the reserve through influential scientific research achievements, and enhance the popularity of the reserve. A protected area cannot be without scientific research. Second, it is necessary to give full play to the distinctive advantages of each protected area, scientifically and rationally develop the resources of the protected area, form industries with distinctive advantages, actively carry out various operational production activities conducive to the development of the protected area, and enhance the self-hematopoietic function of the protected area. Third, do a good job in infrastructure construction, spend good money and do good things, give priority to ensuring the state's investment in the basic construction of protected areas, ensure the infrastructure needed for basic functions such as office, commerce, scientific research, education, transportation, communication, and grass-roots protection stations, and provide a good hardware environment for the management of protected areas. Fourth, it is necessary to take effective measures to gradually straighten out the management system, establish and improve an efficient and smooth management mechanism, organize various forms of business training, and fully mobilize all social forces to actively support and participate in the construction and management of nature reserves. Fifth, it is necessary to speed up the construction of law enforcement teams in protected areas, strengthen law enforcement, earnestly implement law enforcement in a bold, civilized and standardized manner, and effectively crack down on all kinds of illegal and criminal activities that undermine the resources of protected areas.

Handle the "three relationships" well. First, handle the relationship between protected areas and local governments. Mainly the relationship between protection and local economic development. Protection and development are a pair of eternal contradictions in the management of protected areas. The purpose of establishing a protected area determines that its protection is the first and the key. The management system of national protected areas is legally regulated by provincial governments and central governments, which inevitably leads to this contradiction with local governments. As far as our province is concerned, the places where protected areas are established often have beautiful environment, backward economic development and poor people living in forest areas. Because of the protection of the ecological environment, the local economic development is limited. In some protected areas, collective forests have also been classified as protected areas, which has caused forest farmers to lose some means of production. Starting from the situation of protected areas, protected areas should support local economic development as much as possible under the premise of strictly protecting the habitats of protected objects according to law. In addition to the core area and buffer area, the experimental area should be released. Major development projects involving people's livelihood must be developed in the core area and buffer area of the protected area, and the scope and functional area of the protected area should be adjusted first, and the boundary should be modified before development. The second is the relationship with forest farmers. Mainly the relationship between protection and the production and life of forest farmers. It is difficult to protect and manage nature reserves without considering farmers' food, clothing, housing and transportation Protected areas should support community forest farmers to participate in protection, develop environmental protection industries, improve their living standards, reduce their direct use of natural resources, ease the contradiction between protection and forest farmers' survival, and transform forest farmers from possible destroyers and opposites into managers and protectors of nature reserves, and establish a long-term protection mechanism. Therefore, the management agencies and departments of nature reserves should closely rely on the local government and the masses to arrange ecological migration for forest farmers living in the core area and buffer zone of nature reserves in a planned way. Constantly expand the development space of community work, strive for certain community development funds, cultivate new industrial and economic growth points, help the people get rid of poverty and become rich, build community management mechanisms, improve people's lives and increase people's income. Let the masses benefit from protection, thus alleviating the contradiction between protection and utilization and enhancing the enthusiasm of protection work. The third is to handle the relationship with the masses of workers. Cadres and the masses are the specific organizers and implementers of the management of protected areas. Most of the protected areas are located in remote and hard areas, and the environment is harsh, so talents cannot be retained. The leaders of protected areas should establish the people-oriented concept, strive for the welfare of employees everywhere, create a good development environment through treatment, career and feelings, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of employees for the management and construction of protected areas. For the protected areas with integrated management system, it is necessary to properly handle the relationship with the workers and the masses at the grass-roots stations, understand and encourage more, humanize management, institutionalize management, clearly distinguish rewards and punishments, and mobilize all positive factors to invest in the cause of protected areas.