What happened to Fu Guang immigrants?

Does Huguang fill Sichuan? Sichuan annals: "Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, Shu has had many teeth of fireworks. After the war in the late Ming Dynasty, Dingkou was as rare as the morning star. " According to the population statistics in the twenty-four years of Kangxi, the population of Sichuan Province, which experienced large-scale wars, was only over 90,000. During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, the Sichuan Basin after the war finally calmed down, and a number of new local officials began to take office. In the eyes of these ambitious officials, I don't know how rich Sichuan is. However, when they rode to the new official residence, they found that the legendary land of abundance was so desolate, broken and riddled with holes. In the seventh year of Kangxi, Dedi Zhang, the governor of Sichuan Province, played Emperor Kangxi with great anxiety, showing a strong sense of hardship. He said: "I am honored to be appointed as the highest local official in Sichuan by the emperor and come to this war-torn place to show my great ambition. But now, when I stand in the devastated past, I can't increase my income, and it's hard to collect taxes, which makes me feel embarrassed, unable to eat or sleep. I was sent by the emperor, but I am loyal to the country and the court. After a few days of thinking, I feel that there seems to be no other good way to attract immigrants to reclaim land and rebuild their homes. " Historical materials of Ming and Qing dynasties, title book of the Ministry of Housing. At the same time, Governor Zhang also mentioned some immigration methods in his memorial. For example, local officials in neighboring provinces of Sichuan can be ordered to check those Sichuanese who left their homes because of the war and register them, and then Sichuan can "send officials to take over them" or the government can directly introduce immigration policies and move people from densely populated provinces to Sichuan through administrative means. Emperor Kangxi, sitting on the dragon chair in the Forbidden City, is also struggling with the taxation and reconstruction of the whole country. He received memorials from local officials in Sichuan, called relevant departments to listen to relevant reports, officially promulgated an imperial edict entitled "Recruiting people to fill Sichuan in the 33rd year of Kangxi", and ordered large-scale immigration from Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong and other places to Sichuan. Specific historical fragment: "Huguang fills Sichuan" refers to the decades from the end of Ming Dynasty to the beginning of Qing Dynasty, due to wars, plagues and natural disasters, the population of Sichuan decreased sharply and the cultivated land was barren. Under this specific historical condition, in order to solve the problems of labor force and grain production in Sichuan, the Qing Dynasty adopted the measures of "reclaiming land for wasteland", and ten immigrants from Yu Sheng, such as Hubei and Hunan, settled in Sichuan one after another, with Hubei and Hunan being the most. According to statistics, this migration lasted for more than 100 years, and the number of people entering Sichuan was about one million, of which Hubei and Hunan provinces each accounted for half. Among the immigrants in Hubei Province, Macheng immigrants occupy an important position. This paper discusses the status and role of Macheng immigrants in "Huguang filling Sichuan". First, the background of implementing the policy of "Huguang filling Sichuan" In the history of China immigrants, "Huguang filling Sichuan" in the early Qing Dynasty was a noteworthy historical event. The reason why Sichuan has to "fill in" is because the population is extremely sparse and needs to be enriched. Sichuan suffered the most from the 30 years of war in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. 1644, Zhang led a peasant uprising and entered Sichuan. /kloc-proclaimed himself emperor and established political power in 0/2, with the title of "Daxi" and Chengdu as "Xijing". Sichuan became the land of four wars: the Ming army killed indiscriminately, the Qing army killed indiscriminately, the local strongmen killed indiscriminately, the rural hooligans killed indiscriminately, and Zhang was also suspected of killing indiscriminately. Then the war between Nanming and Qing army; And Wu Sangui's war with the Qing army after anti-Qing. The people of Sichuan have suffered wars and massacres again and again. According to official statistics, there are only 70,000 people left in 1668 Chengdu, Sichuan. In some counties, the loss rate of registered permanent residence is only 10% or 20% of the original population. The remaining population of Sichuan Province is about 600,000. After reunification, the Qing government implemented a series of "filling Sichuan" policies. Mainly to encourage immigrants from other provinces to enter Sichuan for reclamation. If it is stipulated that anyone who wishes to enter Sichuan will be given an acre of land as a permanent career. Poor people in all provinces who bring their wives to Sichuan can be naturalized. The preferential policies for recruiting people in Sichuan are closely related to the promotion of political achievements of officials at all levels and the encouragement of reclamation and recruitment. Implement additional preferential tax policies. Kangxi issued a letter to the mu of land reclaimed by immigrants, which stipulated that taxes would not be levied until five years later. And breeding populations will never be given. It also stipulates that the origin authorities of immigrants and people who have settled in Sichuan should cooperate with the transfer and verification, arrange household registration and be included in Jiabao. These policies have created a good environment and conditions for immigrants.