Why did Chaoshan Hakkas move south in history?

In the eyes of ordinary people, Hakkas are immigrants and a branch of northern immigrants. In the long years, they have been displaced from place to place and experienced hardships. Through continuous integration with local indigenous people, they have formed, evolved and developed with tens of millions of people.

Distribution map of Hakka world

Distribution map of Hakkas in China

The migration of Hakkas includes the southward migration of their ancestors and the domestic and international migration of Hakkas.

As far as migration behavior is concerned, there are active and passive points, and the reasons for migration are different in different periods according to the history of migration process.

Generally speaking, various migration factors have four aspects:?

A. factors related to emigration, that is, push factors. ?

① The reverse development of cultivated land area and population is the fundamental factor that often plays a role.

2 War.

The brutal war turned prosperous cities and wealthy villages into ruins, and millions of people were killed in the war. In order to seek a stable social environment, survivors were forced to leave their homes and migrate to various places, which is the root cause of large-scale sudden migration.

(3) Formal relocation and resettlement.

4 study tour and business.

(5) Struggle, including political struggle and economic struggle.

?

B. Factors related to the relocation site, namely "pulling force". ?

The north develops early and the south develops late.

The south, with a vast territory and a sparse population and frequent wars, has good conditions for moving south to settle down and develop agriculture.

For example, in Meizhou, Guangdong Province in the Southern Song Dynasty, "the land is barren and the people are lazy, but the farmers are fresh, and the residents and overseas Chinese cultivate, so the elderly do not suffer from no fields, and every field does not waste labor." In addition, during the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Baiyue area in the south implemented the policy of "no tax".

These * * * who fled to the north seem to be "Xanadu" and settled in Jiangnan and Lingnan.

C. Factors related to intervention barriers, namely "intermediary factors".

Hakka ancestors migrated from Heluo and Zhongyuan to Jiangnan and Lingnan areas. Although the traffic conditions are extremely difficult, there is no way out.

Since the Qin dynasty, there have been post roads; There have been canals and waterways since Sui Dynasty, especially Southeast Road and Lingnan Road. Since the Song Dynasty, there has been "Tompu" and so on.

The southeast road is dominated by the Grand Canal, connecting Guanzhong, Huainan and Southeast, and extending to Jiangxi, Fujian and other places.

There are four ways to enter Lingnan:

1, first, from Jingxiang Road south to Hunan, through Xiangshui, Lingqu, Gui Jiang and Xijiang into the Pearl River Delta; ?

2. First, from Dayue Gengling, Hunan, along Zhenjiang and Beijiang;

3. First, from the Yangtze River and Ganjiang River, along Zhenjiang and Beijiang River to Gengling;

4. First, from Fuzhou to the southwest coast of Guangdong.

Smooth roads provided convenient traffic conditions for Hakka ancestors to move south in past dynasties.

In the 23rd year of Kangxi, the feudal reclamation, such as "moving the sea back to the border" and "filling the Sichuan with Huguang" in 5th1year of Kangxi, also provided opportunities and conditions for the Hakkas to migrate again.

D factors related to personal psychology and physiology, namely "self-reasons".

Floating population is a person with special personality, not an ordinary migrant population, which is reflected in the spirit of adventure and dissatisfaction with the status quo, which is closely related to personal factors.