How did Jews help American immigrants improve their lives during the gilded period in the United States?

/kloc-in the summer of 0/654, a group of Jews fled from Bernabuco, Recife, northeastern Brazil, survived the stormy waves in the Caribbean and were robbed by pirates. Fortunately, they were rescued by the French ship Saint Catherine and taken to new york, then known as New Amsterdam. The exact date when these exhausted Jews landed could not be verified, only a Dutch record was found, which read "23 people, old and young" and the date was1September 7, 654. This day became an important day for Jews to set foot on the North American continent and turn a new page in Jewish history.

Stuart, the then Governor of New Amsterdam in the Netherlands, was a new figure, but he was deeply influenced by European anti-Semitism. He didn't want Jews to "harass the new colonies" and worried that other Lutherans, Catholics and other believers would follow suit. He had to allow 23 people to go ashore out of humanity, but he strictly ordered them to be honest and take care of themselves, and the government ignored them. One of them, levi, the Jewish butcher, dared to speak out and became a practical leader, protecting the men, women and children in this small Jewish community.

At first, they were only allowed to engage in small business and manual life and were not allowed to build offices and places of worship. They can only hold Jewish ceremonies in private houses. It was not until 1730 that the first synagogue in North America was built on the foundation of an old mill in Manhattan.

Four great American immigrants

After all, the new world is different from the old Europe. With the trend of freedom and democracy, Jews gradually realized their religious freedom and political ideal in the new world. 1740, the British parliament legislated to allow Jews in North American colonies to become British subjects. The leader of the American independence movement refused to be anti-Semitic. Washington wrote to the Jewish community and said, "I don't approve of bigotry and I don't help persecutors." 1776 When the United States became independent, there were 2,500 Jewish immigrants.

18 15 After the Napoleonic Wars, the second wave of European immigrants appeared in the United States, mostly German Jews. They adapted to the American environment, actively promoted the European Enlightenment, and quickly integrated into the mainstream American society and developed into the middle class. Jews 184 1 entered the us congress. During the civil war, there were 654.38+0.50 million Jews and 654.38+0.880 million Jews.

188 1 year, the Russian tsar was assassinated, and with the civil war, a large number of Jews were massacred and persecuted. By the beginning of the 20th century, about 3 million Jews had flooded into the United States, making it the largest third Jewish immigration wave in the United States. New immigrants attach importance to education, the quality of the population is rapidly improved, and their talents are displayed in various industries.

Nazi anti-Semitism brought the fourth wave of Jewish immigrants to the United States. 1933- 1945 More than 200,000 European Jewish refugees came to the United States, many of whom were elites from all walks of life, and the United States benefited a lot.

Two Anti-Semitic Waves in America

Faced with the rise of Jews and the October Revolution in Russia, many wealthy Protestants in the United States equated anti-Semitism with anti-* *, and the first anti-Semitism wave appeared in the United States at the beginning of last century. The Klan claimed to expel Jews, blacks and other ethnic minorities from the United States. Anti-semites even blamed Jews for the economic crisis of 1929, and forged the proceedings of Zion sages who plotted to rule the world. Jews united against discrimination, defended their rights and interests in Congress and the media, and forced Ford, the king of automobiles, to apologize publicly.