Where did Zhumadian belong in ancient China?

As early as 18000 years ago, there were people here. About 4500 years ago

Ground houses, children's urns, coffins, pits, exquisite stone tools and all kinds of pottery were found in Yangzhuang Neolithic cultural site in Zhumadian New Town (15), indicating that there were houses and villages, agriculture and animal husbandry appeared, and handicrafts for making pottery and stones were also developed. After the demise of the Zhou Dynasty, the Shang Dynasty enfeoffed the vassal state and enfeoffed its younger brother to Cai. There are Cai (now Shangcai County), Lu (now Xincai County), Shen (now Pingyu County and eastern runan county, northern Zhengyang County), Jiang (now Zhengyang County and southern Queshan County), Dao (now northern Queshan County, western runan county and Yicheng District), Fang (now suiping county), Bai (now Xiping County) and Zhong (now Biyang County). During the Warring States period, these small feudal countries were successively annexed by Chu. In 22 1 year BC, Qin unified the six countries. Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and established counties. Today, the central city belongs to Yingchuan County (now Yuzhou City of Metallurgical Institute). Chen Jun (now Huaiyang County) played an important role in the war that Qin destroyed six countries and established a feudal unified dynasty. He is a famous politician in the history of China. Due to the brutal rule of Qin Dynasty, the first peasant uprising led by Runan Chen Sheng broke out in China in 209 BC. After the rebels captured Chenjun (now Huaiyang County), Shengzai Chen "Zhang Chu" regime was established and was killed by traitors, but the Qin Dynasty was finally destroyed by the fire of peasant uprising. In the fourth year of Emperor Gaozi of the Western Han Dynasty (203 BC), Runan was established and Ruyang was ruled by the county, which was under the jurisdiction of Yuzhou secretariat. Xincai, Shenyang (now Zhengyang County) and other 37 counties. During the Han Dynasty, runan county's economy and culture developed gradually, showing a scene of prosperity. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, runan county built the Red Flag Skin, which spanned five counties, namely Pingyu, Runan, Zhengyang, Xincai and Xixian, and irrigated tens of thousands of mu of farmland. In the Western Han Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty, Biyang County built horse skins and irrigated more than 10,000 hectares of farmland. In the first year of Yong in the Eastern Han Dynasty, He Chang, the magistrate of Runan, built an old canal in Fuyang (north of Xincai County) and reclaimed more than 30,000 hectares of paddy fields. During the reign of Emperor Zhong Ping, Runan Prefecture mobilized migrant workers to build a sluice with stones on Hongqiao Pi Dam, which further expanded the irrigation area. The construction of water conservancy projects, such as red alkali mixing and horse skin, greatly improved agricultural production conditions and made runan county one of the richest areas in Zhougang. During the Han Dynasty, runan county was full of talented people. There are more than 100 biographies of runan county officials and celebrities, leaving their names in the general sense of the history and customs of the later Han Dynasty. Therefore, it was called "Runan Ban Chao" and "Runan Gu Duo Stone" in the Three Kingdoms period. Today, Runing is under the jurisdiction of Wei, which is divided into Runan County and Nanyang County. In the Western Jin Dynasty, runan county was assigned to Runan Yin Na. The Eastern Jin Dynasty belonged to the former Qin Dynasty, followed by the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the later Qin Dynasty, the later Zhao Dynasty and the former Yan Dynasty. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Runanxing, a subordinate, and Emperor Wen of the Southern Song Dynasty established an overseas Chinese country in runan county. At first, Runan was called Xuanzang. At the beginning of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Yuzhou was changed to Yuzhou, and it was renamed many times later. At the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, the great cause was changed to Runan County, which belonged to Yuzhou and Biyang belonged to Huai 'an County of Yuzhou. Tang and Song Dynasties belong to Cai Hetang. In the first year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the county was changed to Yuzhou, and Tang Suzong changed runan county to Yuzhou in the early Yuan Dynasty. Restore Tang Zhou. In the early generation, Baoying changed Yuzhou to Cai Zhou. In the third year of Jianyan (1 129), Jin conquered Cai Zhou and established the Confederate army in Cai Zhou town. The early Yuan Dynasty was the four dynasties of Cai, Chen and Tang. In the 30th year of Yuan Dynasty (1293), Cai Zhou was promoted to Runing House and Biyang was returned to Nanyang House.

Modern Times

Night view of meteorological tower in Tianzhong city

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Zhumadian City now belonged to Runing House and Nanyang House, and later to Henan Road. After years of war at the end of Yuan Dynasty, the population of Runing area dropped sharply, and it was desolate everywhere. Ming Taizu ordered landless farmers in Taihu Lake Basin and Shaanxi Province to move to southern Henan. At that time, counties in Runing received a large number of immigrants, and large areas of wasteland were reclaimed to grow crops. In the early Qing dynasty, the government took measures to reward reclamation and clearly announced the land of the Ming dynasty. Whoever cultivates belongs to him. Jin Zhen, the magistrate of Runing County, registered more than 6,000 hectares of land occupied by King Chong Palace in Ming Dynasty, and admitted that these lands belonged to the original tenant farmers. Local officials in Runing attach great importance to the construction of water conservancy projects. During the five to seven years of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, seven counties, Ruyang, Shangcai, Xincai, Queshan, Xiping, Suiping and Pingyu, dredged rivers. 1860, centering on Pingyu, the Nian Army Uprising led by Chen Daxi broke out. Nian Army moved to Hubei, Henan, Shandong and Anhui provinces, which dealt a heavy blow to the reactionary rule of the Qing Dynasty. 1900, in response to the anti-imperialist struggle of the Boxer Rebellion, Queshan, Biyang, Suiping and other places launched anti-foreign religious struggles against imperialist religious aggression. 1906, the "Renyihui" uprising led by Miao Jinsheng broke out in Suiping. At the same time, the wave of bourgeois national democratic revolution gradually spread to Runing City. 1906, Menzigu and Liu Cuixuan of Xincai County joined the League. 1907, Xincai branch of the League was established, with Ren Zhiming as the branch minister. At this time, Liu Cong, a member of Xincai League, actively promoted bourgeois democratic thoughts after returning to Japan, and Xincai once became one of the centers of the democratic revolution in southern Henan. In the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), Runing House was under the jurisdiction of Henan South Road, and 19 18 was renamed Ruyang Road. 1927, the Kuomintang established the Office of the Eighth Administrative Region of Henan Province, based in Runan. 19 19 the may 4th movement kicked off the new-democratic revolution in China and promoted the new awakening of the people of Runing. The vast number of young people are full of patriotic enthusiasm and devoted themselves to the vigorous anti-imperialist patriotic movement. After the establishment of the China * * Production Party, the people of Runan actively carried out the workers' movement and the peasants' movement under the leadership of the Party, and opposed imperialism and the northern warlords. /kloc-in the summer of 0/922, the Railway Workers' Club was established in Runing Railway Station, which was the earliest workers' organization established in Runing under the leadership of the Party. 1923 In February, Runing railway workers took part in the Beijing-Han railway strike that shocked China and foreign countries. 1925 during the May 30th Movement, workers, students and businessmen in Runing went on strike, angrily denounced the imperialist atrocities of Britain and Japan, and supported the anti-imperialist struggles in Shanghai and Guangzhou. At the same time, the peasant movement flourished. 1926, party member, members of Runing nationality, Zhang Jiaduo, Zhang, (Yang Jingyu), Kong Jianwu and Yu Xiumin who studied in other places returned to China during their holidays to carry out revolutionary propaganda activities. The Zhong * * * Runing Special Branch of seven party groups with Zhang Jiaduo as the secretary, Zhengyang, Runan and Queshan was established. 1April, 927, in order to meet the Northern Expedition, Runing Teke led more than 20,000 peasant armed riots, wiped out more than 200 Beiyang Army in one fell swoop, liberated Queshan County for the first time, and established the first county-level revolutionary regime of workers and peasants in Henan Province-Queshan County Temporary Security Committee, which wrote a glorious page in the revolutionary history of China. After the Northern Expeditionary Army arrived in Runing, it was warmly welcomed by people from all walks of life. /kloc-May 0/5 to/kloc-May 0/7, the Northern Expeditionary Army and Bong warlords fought fiercely in Shangcai and Xiping, and the Northern Expeditionary Army won a total victory. Since then, the rule of Beiyang government in Henan has come to an end. During the Second Revolutionary Civil War, Zhumadian was the battlefield of the old and new warlords. In order to resist the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang, under the leadership of Runing Teke, Zhang Jiaduo and Ma Shangde set up the Queshan County Revolutionary Committee on June 5438+0927+065438+ 10/day, went south to Siwangshan, joined Xinyang Peasant Army, and established the Siwangshan Revolutionary Base. Liudian Autumn Harvest Uprising opened the prelude of Henan Agrarian Revolution and sowed the fire of armed survival in southern Henan. Since then, there have been more than a dozen armed riots, such as the second peasant uprising in Quebian, the Shuitun uprising in Runan and the Baigou Temple uprising in Zhengyang, which have made positive contributions to the establishment of the Hubei, Henan and Anhui Soviet areas. Yang Jingyu

After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Zhumadian people held high the banner of the anti-Japanese national united front and actively organized anti-Japanese armed forces. 1937, 165438+ 10. In October, the Hubei-Henan Border Region Provincial Committee was changed to the South Henan Special Committee, and the South Henan Red Army Guerrilla was reorganized into the Anti-Japanese Independent Regiment of the People's Republic of Henan, and soon it was reorganized into the eighth detachment of the fourth detachment of the New Fourth Army. The Eighth Regiment and the Central Henan Special Committee entered Zhugou Town, Queshan County. 165438+1On October 23rd, the Central Plains Bureau headed by (Liu Shaoqi) and the Henan Provincial Party Committee entered Zhugou. The Central Committee also sent Peng Xuefeng, Li Xiannian, Chen Shaomin and others to Zhugou to lead the work, mobilized the Central Plains people to strengthen the anti-Japanese forces, and quickly opened up a new situation in the anti-Japanese struggle behind enemy lines. Zhugou became an important base for the growth of the New Fourth Army. The fourth division, the fifth division and the first division of the second division of the New Fourth Army all developed from here and met with the armed forces of local party leaders. Zhugou became "an important position and strategic support point for the development of the Central Plains Producer Party" for a time, and made important contributions to the Central Plains Anti-Japanese War, and was known as "Little Yan 'an". The existence of Zhugou Party Organization aroused the hatred of Kuomintang reactionaries. On June/KOOC-0/0/939+065438+/KOOC-0/0//KOOC-0/0/day, more than 65438 local Kuomintang armed men raided the Zhugou rear office of the Eighth Regiment of the New Fourth Army, killing cadres, soldiers, wounded people and their families. During the period of 1944, Runan, Queshan, Xiping, Suiping and Shangcai successively fell into the hands of the Japanese aggressors. In order to effectively attack the Japanese invaders and the Kuomintang die-hards, the South Henan Guerrilla Corps formed an advance team with five companies, established Ruzheng and Zhenshan anti-Japanese base areas with Huchongdian as the center, and successively launched attacks on ant bees, ant hills, Daleshan and Banqiao in Biyang, Queshan, annihilated hundreds of Kuomintang spy armed forces and local armed forces, and established anti-Japanese base areas with Zhugou and Gushanchong as the center. * * * After the southern Henan prefectural party committee, the commissioner's office and the military sub-division advanced into the Corps, they opened up the central Henan base area centered on Mount Yi, and established the central Henan prefectural party committee, the commissioner's office, the military sub-division and other party, government and military organs. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang government ignored the people's desire for peace, openly provoked a civil war and sent heavy troops to attack the revolutionary base areas in central and southern Henan. Under the leadership of Li Xiannian, Zheng Weisan and Wang Zhen, the Central Plains People's Liberation Army successfully organized the "Central Plains Breakthrough" in June 1946. And the Hubei-Henan Working Committee was established in Siwangshan, and it was established independently in Gushanchong. The South Henan Guerrilla Corps expanded into the South Henan detachment and the guerrillas of the New Qitong Working Committee. Continue to persist in the revolutionary struggle. 1in July, 947, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping led the main forces of Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan field army to battle with the enemy in the areas of Leigang and Wangzhuang in Zhengyang, forcing Ruhe to advance into Dabie Mountain, and Chen Geng and Xie Fuzhi armies headed south along Pinghan Road. In Zhuwangzhai, between Suiping and Xiping, the headquarters of the Fifth Corps of the Kuomintang annihilated more than 10,000 people and was reorganized into the third division, capturing more than 8,000 officers and men below the enemy's chief of staff. 1949 After the Huaihai Campaign ended in early 1949, all counties in the city were liberated one after another. Under the leadership of the Party, Zhumadian people finally bid farewell to the darkness and ushered in the dawn. 1March, 949, Queshan Special Zone was established, which governs eight counties: Runan, Xinyang, Shangcai, Xincai, Zhengyang, Xiping, Suiping, Queshan, Xinyang and Zhumadian. In August, the agency moved to Xinyang City, which belongs to Xinyang District. 1On June 5th, 965, the State Council approved the establishment of Zhumadian, and on June 8th, 2000, the State Council approved the withdrawal of the land to set up a city. 9 counties 1 district, 192 townships and offices (12 1 township, 56 towns, 15 subdistrict offices), 2,662 administrative villages,14/kloc.