Migrate to other planets

We all know that in the next few hundred million years, the livable zone of the solar system will move outward, and the earth will no longer be in a livable zone suitable for life. What shall we do? If we start looking for a new home, what problems will we face?

As the sun grows older and becomes a red giant, the red giant sun will become hotter and hotter, expanding and gradually engulfing Mercury, Venus and even the earth, and distant Jupiter may not be spared.

The atmosphere on Jupiter's surface will be blown away by the solar wind, and the world hidden under Jupiter's surface atmosphere may be presented to us for the first time. Europa and Callisto, the thick ice will melt, and the liquid ocean under the surface may return to the surface and begin to evaporate, which will quickly produce a greenhouse effect. If life has been multiplying in these oceans before, now will be a good opportunity for prosperity and evolution.

Similarly, these moons of Jupiter will be our ideal new home. Unfortunately, this livable place can only be a short-term boarding, because one day, the sun will completely run out of fuel.

Maybe you will ask, why don't we just find a new home where we can live for a long time? And the kind that can live for hundreds of millions of years.

To find such a new home, we need to go further and spend more time. These are all very difficult things. At present, it is not so reliable for us to find all the planets similar to Earth 2.0. Just because the resolution of our telescope is not that high, we need a super telescope to find the target instead of us.

It can not only see the new world tens of thousands of light years away, but also distinguish the atmospheric composition there, because molecules have specific color characteristics. By analyzing these spectra, we can know whether it is suitable for us to live there.

In addition, we can also see the past through the super telescope, because the speed of light is limited. When we observe any star through a cosmic telescope, what we see is its past appearance, just as the sun we see was 8 minutes and 20 seconds ago.

Imagine if I had another civilization and looked at us with a super telescope 5000 light years away. Maybe it can see the architecture of the Egyptian pyramids. Since we have the ability to find the target planet of immigrants, how can we get there?

We need a spaceship that can carry all mankind and has the longest endurance in history, because the nearest star, proxima centauri, is 4.2 light years away from us. Take the fastest human aircraft traveler 1 as an example, it will take at least 70,000 years to arrive.

That's just the latest star among hundreds of billions of stars with galactic coefficient. To this end, we have racked our brains. For example, we thought about wandering on the earth, but it turned out to be like collective suicide. The earth is not a good spaceship. We have found a planet suitable for living. We need more and faster spaceships to maximize the chances of human beings reaching their destinations.

These sails are several kilometers in diameter, but they are light and thin, even thinner than garbage bags 1000 times. In vacuum space, when photons are carried on these sails, they will provide power for the spacecraft and accelerate continuously, making it close to the speed of light. When it is far away from the sun and the light is dim, the laser can help us continue to accelerate. This method will enable us to reach the nearest Earth-like planet B within 20 years.

Proxima b is located in the livable zone of its star, but we don't know whether it is suitable for life or not, and whether they have a magnetic field to protect life. And because the neighboring star B is very close to the star, it is probably tidal locking.

In other words, it is always a hot day on the other side and endless night on the other side, so we can only live at the junction of black and white. Although it is not our ideal destination, the stable star system can let us live here for trillions of years, so the temptation is quite great.

The gravity on neighboring star B is about 10% greater than that of the earth. For humans, it is simply a problem, which is equivalent to getting 10 kg.

However, these are the best results. Reality is always the backbone, and we are likely to continue wandering in the universe, so we need faster spacecraft. Therefore, Aguberri, a mathematical physicist in Mexico, proposed a new type of aircraft curvature spacecraft.

Curvature spacecraft is an imaginary spacecraft inspired by the American science fiction "Star Trek", which can fly hundreds of light years away in just a few minutes. However, isn't the speed of light insurmountable?

In fact, the curvature engine did not exceed the speed of light and did not break the laws of physics. It's not our curvature spaceship that moves, but the universe. The spacecraft itself will be enclosed in its own time and space bubble. In that bubble, it won't violate any laws of physics, and then by twisting time and space, making gravitational waves, compressing the time and space in front and releasing it in the back, we can achieve the effect of high-speed interstellar travel.

But it is not easy to implement the curvature engine. The huge energy it needs has exceeded our current human cognition. Maybe in the near future, we can really turn it into reality! These are just a small step for us to immigrate into space. We still have many problems to face, such as how to prevent cosmic radiation, how to survive on a new planet, how to be equal to other civilizations in this universe and so on.