Why didn't Chao Cuo become prime minister, and Tao Qing's life.

The following is the detailed information of Chao Cuo, I hope it will be useful to you.

Shake it wrong

CuO CuO was born in the seventh year of Emperor Gaozu (the first 200 years) and died in the third year of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty (the first 154 years). He was an outstanding thinker and political activist in the early Western Han Dynasty. Yingchuan (now Yuxian County, Henan Province) was born in the same year as Jia Yi. The experiences of Chao Cuo and Jia Yi are basically the same in the early stage, but they are different in the later stage. In the Wendi dynasty, they were all famous for their political remarks and advocating reform, but they were not put into practice because Wendi kept quiet. Chao Cuo lived longer than Jia Yi. When he arrived at Jingdi, he was reused and made great achievements, which Jia Yi could not match.

The prince's think tank is highly praised.

When I was young, I studied the theories of Shen Buhai and Shang Yang, the pre-Qin legalists, from a local gentleman named Zhang Hui. So Sima Qian once said, "Jia Yi and Chao Cuo are legalists". But what needs to be added is that they are not pure legalists, because they are all influenced by Confucianism to varying degrees. Chao Cuo, for example, used literature (referring to general knowledge) as the anecdote of Taichang (the official responsible for offering sacrifices to Taichang). During this period, he was sent to Fu Sheng to study the Confucian classic Shangshu. After learning, he told Wendi the contents of Shangshu and some of his own views, which Wendi appreciated. Emperor Wen appointed Chao Cuo as the Prince's Scheeren, and later changed to a door doctor (both of them are officials of the Prince), and later promoted to a doctor.

During his tenure as a doctor, he wrote "You should know the tricks". The article points out that whether a monarch can successfully build a legacy for future generations depends on his familiarity with tricks, that is, the methods and strategies of governing the country. He believes that the monarch must know how to control his staff, make his ministers "fear" and know how to listen to the following report without being deceived and blinded; Knowing how to make people live and work in peace and contentment, then the sea must obey. Knowing how to make officials and children loyal and filial, then the conduct of officials and children will be perfect. These four items are my top priority for the Crown Prince. Chao Cuo refuted some courtiers' view that the Crown Prince didn't need to know how to govern the country, and thought that some former monarchs were killed by his lieutenants because they didn't know how to govern the country. I have read a lot of books about the prince now, but if I am not familiar with the way of governing the country and only know how to recite it, it will be in vain. He suggested that Wendi should choose the practical art among today's sages and give it to the Crown Prince to learn, and often let the Crown Prince state his views in front of you. Emperor Wen adopted Chao Cuo's opinion and thought it was right, so he worshipped him as a prince's family order. The imperial edict of the prince is an important subordinate official in the pro-palace, whose duty is to take charge of common affairs. Because Chao Cuo is good at analyzing problems and putting forward pertinent opinions, he won the love and trust of Qi and was praised as a "think tank" by the Prince family. His words and deeds had an important influence on Liu Qiyou.

Put forward suggestions and opinions

During Emperor Wen's reign, Chao Cuo not only assisted the Prince, but also expressed his opinions and suggestions on the state affairs at that time. Most of these opinions and suggestions are practical and insightful, which not only played a positive role at that time, but also had a far-reaching impact in the future. For example, talking about military affairs, guarding the border to persuade farmers, valuing millet and giving good advice were all excellent political papers at that time.

In the 11th year of Emperor Wendi (BC 169), the Huns invaded Didao, and the soldiers and civilians in Longxi defeated the Xiongnu army with fewer soldiers. Chao Cuo took the opportunity to talk to Emperor Awen about military affairs, summed up the past historical experience and the facts at that time, and discussed the strategy and strategic thinking of fighting against Xiongnu. He discussed the importance of boosting morale and selecting excellent generals in the war, and emphatically analyzed the relationship among terrain, well-trained soldiers and sharp weapons in the war. For example, he said that ditches, swamps, mountains and hills are all suitable for infantry fighting, and chariots and cavalry are not the same; The plain is wide and wild, suitable for chariots and cavalry, with less than one tenth of the infantry; In the valley area, bows and arrows should be used, and short weapons should not be one; When the two armies are close, it is advisable to use halberd and sword shield instead of one when fighting on the ground; The road is tortuous and hidden, narrow and dangerous, so it is advisable to use a sword and shield, and the crossbow is not one of them. This is about the relationship between terrain and weapon use. Soldiers are not selected and trained, their style of work is procrastinating, and their actions are uneven. Soldiers can't arrive in time when they are in good times, and they can't act quickly and obey orders when they are in bad times. This kind of army is never right. From this, he came to the conclusion that poor weapons and equipment are equivalent to giving enemy soldiers; Soldiers can't fight, which is equivalent to handing over the general to the enemy; A general who doesn't know how to fight is tantamount to handing over the monarch to the enemy. A monarch who is not good at choosing a good general is tantamount to handing over the country to the enemy. These four things are military necessities. Chao Cuo also specifically analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of both the Han Army and the Xiongnu Army. It is pointed out that the Xiongnu army has three strengths and the Han army has five strengths, and it is proposed to learn from each other's strengths; At the same time, it is pointed out that the Han Dynasty has a vast territory and a large population, which can promote hundreds of thousands of teachers and hit one out of ten. Chao Cuo also suggested that ethnic minorities fight against the Huns. Thousands of people, such as Yi Qu, joined the ranks, and their living customs and strength were the same as those of Xiongnu. We can give them excellent weapons and equipment, send them to command and let them guard dangerous places. The main roads on the flat land are guarded by the Han army. In this way, the two can cooperate with each other and give full play to their respective strengths. This is a foolproof technology.

Wendi appreciated Yan Bing's Poem Book very much and gave it to Chao Cuo as a reward. Chao Cuo went on to tell Emperor Wendi about "guarding the frontier to persuade farmers to be sparse" and "nurturing the people and blocking the people", and put forward the method of emigrating to the frontier instead of taking turns guarding the frontier, which is an extremely important innovative suggestion.

Chao Cuo first summed up the historical lessons of the frontier defense policy of the Qin Dynasty. At that time, soldiers guarding the border from afar were not acclimatized, and it was difficult to transport grain, and many people died of illness; Coupled with the harsh Qin law, the death penalty was delayed, which eventually aroused the Chen Sheng Uprising and the Qin Dynasty perished. He also analyzed the characteristics of the Xiongnu army, which came and went and was often harassed. The method of guarding the border by turns by the Han army can't cope with it, and its disadvantages are obvious. Therefore, he put forward a new policy of emigrating to border areas, the main points of which are: 1. Recruit mainlanders to border areas and settle down for a long time. First, the government will provide food, clothing, housing and farming equipment, and plant cultivated land until they can be self-sufficient; Second, according to the military organization of immigrants, military training is carried out, farming is usually carried out, and wartime attacks are carried out; Third, build fortifications, build high walls, dig deep ditches and erect wooden thistles. These measures are practical and sufficient to consolidate the border defense. At the same time, Chao Cuo suggested in "On Your Millet Sparrow" that the people of the whole country send grain to the frontier fortress in exchange for a title or atonement. This is called the title Su Na. Emperor Wen immediately implemented Chao Cuo's policy of immigration and agriculture. This policy not only played a role in defending Xiongnu at that time, but also initiated the policy of reclaiming farmland in previous dynasties, which had a great influence on later generations. Zhao Chongguo's military settlement in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and Cao Cao's reclamation policy in the period of Three Kingdoms are the inheritance and development of Chao Cuo's immigration policy.

In the fifteenth year of Emperor Wendi (BC 165), Emperor Wendi ordered ministers to recommend virtuous, upright and literary men. Chao Cuo was elected as a sage during the term of the Prince's decree. Emperor Wen personally gave a topic to solicit opinions on important issues such as "understanding the overall situation of the country" (this is called "policy question"). Jia Yi was already dead, and Chao Cuo's answer was the best among more than 100 people who participated in the countermeasures. Chao Cuo's "Countermeasures for Giving Virtue" became a famous political paper in the Western Han Dynasty.

When Chao Cuo answered the question "smarter than the average country", he explained it with the deeds of the ancient five emperors. It is said that the Five Emperors are so wise that courtiers can't compare with him, so they are in charge of political affairs, handling government affairs in the hall every day and issuing government decrees in the hall; All the measures are in line with God's will and favorable conditions and have won the support of the people. Everything in the world is not without benefits. Therefore, the climate is harmonious, the four seasons are distinct, the sun and the moon are bright, the weather is good, the crops are abundant, there is no disaster or epidemic, and the people are well-being. This is the effect of conforming to the meaning of heaven and earth and understanding the essentials of governing the country.

When answering the question of "the whole story of personnel", Chao Cuo explained it with the Three Kings incident in history. It is said that during the period of the Three Kings, the monarch and courtiers were very wise, so it was based on human feelings that * * * discussed political affairs with each other and decided to settle the world. Chao Cuo listed the longevity, wealth, stability and leisure that human feelings hoped for. The three kings did not hurt, stop or hinder them, but protected, supported and cherished them. To formulate laws and regulations, we must comply with the people's feelings and implement them; The use of human resources should be based on people's situation, and then it will be done. Ask others like yourself, and forgive others like yourself. Don't impose on others what people hate; Don't forcibly ban what people yearn for. As a result, the people live in harmony, the country is peaceful and tranquil, the king's position is consolidated, and Endeyan is passed on to future generations. This is the effect of knowing everything according to human feelings.

When answering the question of "telling the truth and admonishing the extreme", Chao Cuo explained it with the "five tyrants". I heard that the five tyrants are not as good as ministers, so I entrusted the affairs of state to the ministers and let them handle them. Ministers who assisted the five tyrants often kept their own checks and did not dare to deceive the monarch. They abide by the law without favoritism, don't avoid death when things happen, don't suppress talented people, don't charge excessive salaries, and don't let incompetent people occupy high positions. With such conduct, you can be regarded as a Fang Zhengzhi scholar. The purpose of the minister's legislation is to "promote the benefits and eliminate the evils, respect the Lord and protect the people", not "suffer the people and hurt the people". They reward people's loyalty and filial piety to the monarch, instead of giving people money casually for no reason, so the people will not resent it; When they execute the punishment, they don't indulge their cruelty to kill people indiscriminately, but prohibit those who are unfaithful and unfilial and endanger the country. They were properly convicted and sentenced, and the criminals knew they deserved it and didn't complain. Such a rule of law can be said to be an honest official. If the decree is unreasonable, please ask the monarch to correct it so as not to harm the people; We should not obey the tyranny of the monarch, but help to correct it so as not to endanger the country. Correct and remedy the faults of the monarch, show the advantages of the monarch, and make the monarch have no evil deeds inside and no dirty bad reputation outside. Assisting the monarch in this way can be said to be a person who speaks out.

When Chao Cuo answered the question of "unfair officials, unclear politics and uneasy people", he used the lessons of the Qin Dynasty to illustrate it. I heard that when Qin began to rule the country, the monarch was not as wise as the three kings, and the ministers were not as wise as the three kings. However, the cause of Qin's reunification was soon completed. What is the reason? This is because the terrain is favorable, the mountains and rivers are rich, the money and food are sufficient, and the people are good at fighting; In addition, the monarchs and ministers of the six countries are incompetent, with different opinions, and the people refuse to contribute. In contrast, Qin is the most prosperous. The prosperity of the country and the chaos of neighboring countries are favorable conditions for unifying the world, so Qin Shihuang was able to annex the six countries. At that time, the achievements of the three kings could not surpass Qin Shihuang. But then he became weak, because he hired immoral people and thieves who listened to rumors; Building a palace is insatiable, the people are in poverty, and taxes are unrestrained; Arrogance, self-righteousness, fear of ministers, flattery for survival, arrogance and indulgence, regardless of disasters; Reward at will with happiness, vent anger and kill at will; How cruel the law is, how severe and cruel the punishment is, and how indifferent it is to human life. Qin Ershi even shot the people himself for fun; When the multiplication of corrupt officials leads to chaos, it is arrogant, arbitrary and fragmented. When the chaos began at the end of the Qin Dynasty, officials first attacked the poor, and in the middle period, the rich were also attacked by officials. In the end, even the royal family and court ministers were violated. As a result, everyone felt insecure, resentful and scattered, and people were distracted. Chen Sheng took the lead in rebellion, and the world was in chaos, and the Qin Dynasty perished. Chao Cuo's analysis, under the historical conditions at that time, was relatively pertinent and practical.

Finally, Chao Cuo pointed out that it has been sixteen years since His Majesty ascended the throne, but the people are not very rich, the number of thieves has not decreased, and the border is not peaceful. Therefore, this situation must be because your majesty did not personally manage state affairs, but blindly relied on liegeman. And those ministers are not as talented as your majesty, and I'm afraid they will delay all major events. Although I am ignorant, I am deeply sorry for your majesty.

Chao Cuo's countermeasures won the praise of Emperor Wen. Therefore, Emperor Wendi promoted him from the rank of the prince to a doctor of traditional Chinese medicine, in charge of political affairs.

Strengthen centralization and reduce vassals.

Chao Cuo and Jia Yi have the same view on the issue of local governors endangering the Western Han Dynasty. Therefore, Chao Cuo wrote to Emperor Wendi many times, and put forward suggestions on cutting governors and reforming laws and regulations. Wendi Deng didn't take his advice, but she appreciated his talent very much. At that time, Qi was in favor of Chao Cuo's suggestion, while Yuan Ang and many ministers and heroes opposed it.

In the seventh year of Emperor Wendi (BC 157), Emperor Wendi died and Qi ascended the throne. This is Jing Di. Emperor Jingdi immediately promoted Chao Cuo as the chief executive of the capital Chang 'an. Chao Cuo met with Jingdi alone for many times to discuss state affairs. Jingdi obeyed him and became more popular than Jiuqing. Many laws were amended and made by him. Prime Minister Shentu Jia was very dissatisfied with this, but he couldn't hurt Chao Cuo, so he had to look for opportunities. At the right moment, the Museum of Literature and History is located in the open space outside Taishang Hall (the temple of Liu Bang's father), and the door opens to the east, making it inconvenient to enter and exit. Chao Cuo opened another entrance from the south and cut through the wall of the clearing outside Taishang Temple. Shentu Jia was furious when he knew this. He wanted to report this mistake to the emperor and kill Chao Cuo. When Chao Cuo got the news, he immediately explained the situation to the emperor alone. Shentu Jia complained to Jingdi that Chao Cuo broke the temple wall and opened the door without authorization, so please send Tingwei to death. Emperor Jing said to Shentu Jia, "Chao Cuo didn't tear down the temple wall, but only the fence on the vacant land in the temple." Shentu Jia had to apologize and retire. In a fit of pique, he couldn't afford to get sick and died soon. In this way, Chao Cuo is even more distinguished.

After Shentu Jia's death, Emperor Jingdi promoted Tao Qing, an ancient scholar, as prime minister, and Chao Cuo as an ancient scholar. From then on, Chao Cuo became one of the three fairs, which was in the second year of Jingdi (before 155). Chao Cuo was in a high position, so he suggested to Jingdi to cut the vassals. This is the famous policy of reducing vassals.

Chao Cuo pointed out that the high-impedance surname Wang shared the same surname, and only the fief of Qi, Chu and Wu was divided into half of the country. He advocated that the princes who committed crimes should cut off their counties, leaving only one county as a fief, and the rest were directly under the jurisdiction of the court. Chao Cuo pointed out in particular that Liu Bi, the most dangerous prince of Wu, had been killed while playing chess with the Crown Prince of Wendi (later Jingdi). The prince was resentful, thinking that he was ill and didn't come to appear before the court. He should have been put to death according to law. Emperor Wen could not bear to be punished, so he gave him a few sticks and was very kind. However, instead of turning over a new leaf, the king of Wu became more arrogant. He openly opened copper mountains to cast money, boiled seawater and boiled salt, lured refugees and plotted rebellion and insurrection. Chao Cuo thinks that for Liu Bi, the prince of Wu, cutting his fief is bad for him, if not, it is bad for him. Cutting his fief is fast and harmful; If we don't cut his fief, it will be too late and the disaster will be great. Chao Cuo decided that Liu Bi and other princes must rebel, which was indeed correct. However, the method of cutting land proposed by Jia Yi has been artificially strengthened. Compared with Jia Yi's gradual weakening method of "building more kings but not enough", it is inevitable to be impatient and have different effects.

As soon as this policy of reducing vassals was put forward, it immediately caused great shock in the imperial court. Jingdi ordered that officials, Hou Hezong consult with each other. Most people know that Jingdi fully supports Chao Cuo, so they dare not express their opposition publicly. Only Dou Ying (the relative of the Empress Dowager) publicly expressed opposition and argued with Chao Cuo. Since then, there has been a hatred between them. Finally, Jingdi decided to win Changshan County in Wang Zhao, Wangliu County in Jiaoxi, Donghai County and Xue Jun County in Wang Chu, Zhang Yu County and Huiji County in Wu Wang. Chao Cuo changed article 30 of the law. As a result, the governors rose up and strongly opposed it.

Chao Cuo persecuted the vassals, took great risks and put himself in a very dangerous situation, and his father also felt it. So the old man hurried from his hometown in Yingchuan to Chang 'an to find Chao Cuo, and said to him, "The emperor has just ascended the throne, and you are in power in the imperial court, encroaching on the princes, alienating the royal family, and causing resentment. Why are you? " Chao Cuo said to his father, "This must be done! If not, the son of heaven has no dignity and the country has no peace. " Father sighed and said, "Of course the Liu dynasty was peaceful, but our Chao family was in danger. I'd better leave you and go home! " "So, the old man went home and committed suicide by taking poison. Before he died, he said, "I can't bear to watch the disaster happen!" " "In fact, Chao Cuo didn't feel the danger? However, he ignored his own life and death.

The scapegoat split the eastern market in two.

The news of the imperial court's proposal to cut the fief of the State of Wu reached the State of Wu, and Liu Bi planned to launch a rebellion. He first sent Chinese medicine practitioners to find Liu Yin, the king of Jiaoxi, to make an appointment with him to fight a decisive battle in the name of denouncing Chao Cuo and seize the world, so as to "divide the two masters". Liu Bi listened to the high return and was afraid that Liu Yin would go back on her word. He disguised himself, secretly went to Jiaoxi, and personally entered into a rebel covenant with Liu Yin. Liu Yin sent a department of Qi, while Liu Bi sent Chu and Zhao Yi to join together and rebel together.

In the first month of the third year of Jingdi (before 154), Liu Bi, the king of Wu, first rebelled in Guangling (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu), and issued a declaration to the vassal state, attacking Chao Cuo in the name of "Jun Qing side", aiming at illegally treating and insulting the vassal state and not treating Liu's flesh and blood with the courtesy of the monarch of the vassal state. In the same month, Liu Yin, the king of Jiaoxi, took the lead in killing the officials sent by the imperial court to the kingdom; Then Liu Xiongqu, the king of Jiaodong, Liu Xian, the king of Miaochuan, Liu Biguang, Liu E, and Liu Sui, the king of Zhao, all set out to attack the west. This is the famous "Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms with Wu and Chu" in history.

The elimination of the rebellion of the seven countries; When this incident reached the imperial court, Emperor Jing immediately made military arrangements: Qiu Shuihou and Zhou Yafu led 36 generals as the main force to attack Wu; Zhou sent a sneak attack on Zhao; General Luan Bu attacked all the troops; Worship as a general, station troops in Xingyang, monitor the direction of Qi, and Zhao is the backup. When Jingdi summoned Dou Ying, Dou Ying refused on the grounds of illness. Emperor Jing said to him, "Since the country is in crisis, how can Sun refuse?" Dou Ying accepted the appointment.

Wu Chu and other allied forces of seven countries rebelled, and in the name of punishing Chao Cuo, Chao Cuo was in a very dangerous situation. At this time, Chao Cuo himself handled two things improperly, which increased the danger. One is that he suggested to Jingdi that Jingdi use his personal expedition, but he stayed in the capital Chang 'an, which made Jingdi suspicious of him and provided other ministers with an excuse to attack him. One is to investigate the crime of Yuan Ang foreseeing the conspiracy and rebellion of the Prince of Wu and Liu Bi. The prejudice between Yuan Ang and Chao Cuo is deep. Whenever Chao Cuo is sitting, Yuan Ang leaves; Yuan Ang is sitting and Chao Cuo is walking: they have never talked together. Yuan Ang served as Wu Guoxiang and accepted bribes from Liu Bi, the king of Wu. Chao Cuo became an ancient empire and sent someone to investigate Yuan Ang's bribery case, trying to convict him. King Jing was lenient and dismissed the people. After the news of the rebellion of the seven countries with Chu reached Chang 'an, Chao Cuo wanted to further punish Yuan Ang's crimes. He said to his subordinate officials, "Yuan Ang was bribed by the King of Wu to protect him and said that he would not rebel. Today, when the king of Wu rebelled, Yuan Ang should be interrogated to punish the king of Wu for his rebellion. " An official of Yushifu said: "I'm afraid it's not good to do so now, and it is estimated that Yuan Ang will not know about the rebellion in advance." Chao Cuo hesitated for lack of evidence. However, someone tipped Yuan Ang off and told Yuan Ang what Chao Cuo said. Yuan Ang was frightened and went to see Dou Ying overnight to discuss countermeasures. They were all enemies of Chao Cuo and decided to protect Yuan Ang by murdering Chao Cuo.

So Dou Ying entered the palace and asked Jingdi to summon Yuan Ang. At that time, Jingdi was discussing the distribution of shops with Chao Cuo. When Jingdi summoned Yuan Ang, Chao Cuo was also sitting. Jingdi asked Yuan Ang, "You used to be Wu Xiang, but now Wu Chu has rebelled. What do you think? " Yuan Ang said: "Don't worry, you will definitely break Wu." Emperor Jing said, "Wu Wang Jinshan used copper to cast money, boiled seawater as salt, and attracted heroes from all over the world to turn into ashes and rebel. Would he have done it if he hadn't planned it carefully? What basis do you have to say that he knows nothing? " Yuan Ang said, "The King of Wu makes money and cooks salt for profit. Where can a hero seduce him? If the prince of Wu really wins a hero, he will only help him do the right thing, not rebel. The prince of Wu recruited rogue children and fugitives who privately minted coins, colluding with each other to make trouble. " At this time, Chao Cuo interjected: "Yuan Ang, you have planned your way out!" Jingdi asked Yuan Ang again: "What are your countermeasures?" Yuan Ang took the opportunity to say, "Please order people around you to quit." Jingdi told the left and right sides to step down, leaving Chao Cuo alone. Yuan Ang said, "I don't think I know what I said." Scene emperor had to let Chao Cuo also step down. Chao Cuo retreated to the east wing, the in the mind is very angry. Yuan Ang said to Jingdi: "The letter said that Chao Cuo seized the fault of the vassal and seized the fief without authorization. So in the name of rebellion, he wanted to kill Chao Cuo and restore the original fief, so he stopped fighting. Today's plan is just to behead Chao Cuo and send messengers to announce the pardon of the seven countries of Wu Chu and restore the seized fiefs, so that we can all stop bleeding and fighting. " Yuan Ang's remarks completely repeated the strategy of "Qing Jun side" in Liu Bi's "Declaring Rebellion". Jingdi didn't see through it, and at the same time, because Wu Chubing was strong and afraid, he listened to Yuan Ang. Jingdi was silent for a long time, and then said, "Let's see what the real situation is. If it is as you say, I will not love someone in order to be worthy of the world. " This actually agrees with Yuan Ang's statement that he is prepared to beg Wu Chu and other countries to withdraw their troops at the expense of Chao Cuo's life. Therefore, Emperor Jingdi named Yuan Ang Taichang and asked him to secretly pack his bags and go to the State of Wu.

More than ten days later, the Prime Minister, Tingwei Ou Zhang and Jia (the military attache in charge of public security in Beijing) jointly wrote a letter to impeach Chao Cuo, accusing Chao Cuo of proposing Jingdi to go on a personal expedition, staying in Chang 'an himself, and giving up some places at the beginning of the war, which was "no courtiers' gift, no way to go against the grave". Chao Cuo should be beheaded and his whole family killed. In order to get temporary peace, Jingdi ignored Chao Cuo's favor for many years and had no conscience, so he approved this paper. At this time, Chao Cuo himself was completely kept in the dark!

The killing of Chao Cuo was a complete surprise attack: Emperor Jingdi sent an assistant to Chao Cuo's home to convey the emperor's orders and tricked Chao Cuo into going to court for deliberation. Chao Cuo put on royal robes and followed the lieutenant to get on the bus and go. When the horses and chariots crossed the East Side of Chang 'an, the lieutenant stopped. Suddenly, he took out the imperial edict and read it to Chao Cuo. Chao Cuo, who was loyal to the Han family, was beheaded. It's a tragedy that loyal ministers were killed innocently!

After Emperor Jingdi killed Chao Cuo, he sent Yuan Ang to the State of Wu in an official position, informing him that Chao Cuo had been killed, restoring the cut fief, and demanding that the prince withdraw. At this time, Liu Bi has won several battles and won many sites. Liu Bi, a prophet traveling with Yuan Ang, asked him to accept the imperial edict. Liu Bi said with laughter, "I am the East Emperor. What do I believe?" So he refused to see Yuan Ang and left him in the army. He wanted Yuan Ang to join the rebels and make him a general, but Yuan Ang refused. Liu Bi, the king of Wu, sent a captain with 500 soldiers to surround Yuan Ang in the army and wanted to kill him. After Yuan Ang got the news, he escaped from Wu Jun Camp overnight and finally returned to Chang 'an. In this way, the prince of Wu Liu Bi himself exposed the so-called "Jun Qing side" scam.

At this time, Deng Gong, the captain who returned to Chang 'an from the front to report the military situation, came to see Jingdi. Jingdi asked him, "You mine from the front. I heard that Chao Cuo died. Has Wu Chu retreated? " Deng Gong said, "The King of Wu has been preparing for rebellion for decades. He was angry about cutting his fief and demanded that Chao Cuo be punished. That's just an excuse. His original intention is not to oppose Chao Cuo alone. Now kill Chao Cuo, I am afraid that the people in the world will shut up and never speak again. " Jingdi asked, "Why? Deng Gong said: "Chao Cuo is worried that the vassal states are getting stronger and stronger, and the imperial court can't control them, so it is suggested to cut off their fiefs to strengthen the position of the central government, which is beneficial to the whole world. "The whole family was killed when the plan was first implemented. This blocked the loyal minister's mouth at home and avenged the princes abroad. I don't think it is advisable for your majesty to do so. " After listening to Deng Gong's incisive analysis, the fact that he still won't retreat after killing Chao Cuo with Wu made Jingdi wake up from his dream. He sighed and said to Deng Gong, "You are right. I regret it." But it's too late to regret. Deng Gong's remarks showed his profound knowledge and won the appreciation of Jingdi. So, I worshipped Deng Gong as captain Chengyang.

The compromise of sacrificing Chao Cuo and restoring the cut-off fiefs could not make the seven countries of Wu Chu withdraw their troops, so Jingdi had to resolutely put down the rebellion by military means. In mid-February, Emperor Jingdi issued an imperial edict, calling on soldiers to fight hard with the enemy, and at the same time ordering severe punishment of officials involved in the rebellion, thus boosting the morale of the Han army. Under the attack of Zhou Yafu and other armies, the prince of Wu and Liu Bi were defeated and killed. Some of the other six rebels committed suicide and some were executed. After a long period of rebellion, Liu Bi was completely defeated in less than three months.

Although Chao Cuo is dead, the cause that Chao Cuo fought for continues. After pacifying the rebellion of Wu and Chu, Emperor Jing took the opportunity to carry out some political reforms. He ordered the governors not to continue to govern the country, and the emperor sent officials to them; He also reformed the official system of the vassal States, changed the prime minister to the prime minister, and laid off most officials such as ancient imperial doctors; This makes the princes lose their political power and have to pay taxes. In this way, the power of the central government has been greatly strengthened, while the power of the governors has been greatly weakened. Chao Cuo is a controversial figure in history. Of course, Chao Cuo is not perfect, and his shortcomings are obvious. However, at that time, he was indeed an outstanding progressive figure and a politician. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Zhi once said: "Chao Cuo can say that it is not good for the body, but it cannot be said that it is not good for the country." He warmly praised Chao Cuo for his dedication to national interests regardless of his personal safety. It should be said that this spirit is very valuable.