Job Recruitment Website - Ranking of immigration countries - Briefly describe the seven major dialect areas in Chinese and their representative dialects.
Briefly describe the seven major dialect areas in Chinese and their representative dialects.
Modern Chinese can be divided into seven dialects. First, the northern dialect (in a broad sense, Mandarin) is widely spread in the Central Plains, Northeast China, Northwest China and Southwest China. Northern dialects can be further divided into four sub-dialects 1. Northeast sub-dialects in North China (narrow northern dialects) cover Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, eastern Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shandong, Henan and other provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. 2. Northwest sub-dialect (Northwest Mandarin) covers Shanxi, western Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang and other provinces and regions; 3. Southwest sub-dialect (Southwest Mandarin) covers Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, most of Hubei, northwestern Hunan, northwestern Guangxi and other provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government; 4. Jianghuai sub-dialect (Xiajiang Mandarin) covers both sides of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province, most parts of Jiangbei in Jiangsu Province and the areas along the Yangtze River from Jiujiang and Nanjing to Zhenjiang. The second is Wu dialect, namely Jiangsu and Zhejiang dialect, which is distributed in southern Jiangsu Province and most parts of Zhejiang Province. Shanghai dialect is the main representative of Jiangsu and Zhejiang dialects. The third dialect is Gan dialect, that is, Jiangxi dialect, which is distributed in the northwest of Jiangxi Province and Fujian Province, the east of Hunan Province and the southeast of Hubei Province. Nanchang dialect is the main representative of Jiangxi dialect. The fourth dialect is Hunan dialect, which is distributed in most parts of Hunan province. Changsha dialect is the main representative of southern dialect (represented by Shuangfeng dialect in the old days). The fifth is Hakka dialect, also known as Hakka dialect and Hakka dialect. Hakka dialects are scattered, mainly in the northeast of Guangdong Province, the northwest of Fujian Province, the border areas between Jiangxi Province and Hubei, Guangdong and Fujian, and Sichuan, Guangxi and Taiwan Province Provinces. Many Chinese in Southeast Asian countries speak Hakka. Meizhou dialect is the main representative of Hakka dialect. The sixth dialect is Cantonese, also known as Cantonese, Cantonese, Cantonese and Vernacular, which is distributed in most parts of Guangdong Province, the southeast of Guangxi Autonomous Region, Hong Kong, Macao and Chinese communities in North America. Cantonese is mainly represented by Cantonese. The seventh is Min dialect, which is widely distributed, including most parts of Fujian Province, Chaoshan area in the east of Guangdong Province, Leizhou Peninsula in the west, Hainan Province, most parts of Taiwan Province Province and southern Zhejiang Province. Min dialect is very popular among Chinese communities in Southeast Asia. There are great differences in Fujian dialects. Generally speaking, Minnan dialect is represented by Xiamen dialect, Mindong dialect by Fuzhou dialect, Minbei dialect by Jian 'ou dialect, Minzhong dialect by Yong 'an dialect, and Putian Xianyou film by Putian dialect. Among these seven dialects, the northern dialect is the most widely distributed, accounting for about 70% of the national area; It also has the largest population, accounting for about 70% of China's population. The total population of the other six dialects accounts for only about 30% of the population of China. The six major dialects are all southern dialects except the northern dialect. There is little difference between northern dialects, the main difference is pronunciation, and the main difference in pronunciation is that the tone value of each tone is different. Tone value is one of the decisive factors in the appearance of local dialects, so it is also one of the main signs to distinguish the differences between northern dialects. In the following table, I list the tone values of nine urban dialects in the northern dialect area. There are four tones of yin and yang, and there is no tone. You can compare their differences. If you say the words "beautiful scenery, strange things, don't watch and observe carefully" in different places, you can feel the special taste of different local dialects. For example, the tone of a tone is a falling tone. Ordinary (Beijing) dialect 55 35 2 14 5 1 Tianjin dialect1353 Tangshan dialect 55 44 2 14 5 1 Shenyang dialect 33521344. 42 55 3 1 Jinan dialect 2 13 53 55 3 1 Wuhan dialect 55 2 13 42 35 Chengdu dialect 44 3 1 53 13 Xi 'an dialect 2 1 24 53 55. From Nanjing to Beijing, there has been a proverb circulating in the northern countryside since ancient times. "That is to say, Beijing dialect is the northeast sub-dialect of North China, and Nanjing dialect belongs to the Jianghuai sub-dialect, both of which belong to a large dialect area and can understand each other. These seven dialects are roughly divided into modern Chinese dialects, and the actual dialect situation is much more complicated. Not only northerners can't understand Cantonese and Fujian people, but even Guangzhou people, Meizhou people and Shantou people in Guangdong province and Fuzhou people, Putian people and Xiamen people in Fujian province can't understand each other's words. Datian County, Fujian Province, which has the most complicated dialect, has five small dialects that are difficult to communicate with each other. A similar situation is common in all provinces in southern dialect areas. A few years ago, I heard a short story in a university in Changsha. A freshman from Loudi recited his poems at the party: m: guà, m: guà, fóng müguà. The listener is puzzled. Is it a mandarin jacket, mandarin jacket or red mandarin jacket? The sound of Mugua means frog in some places in Hunan, but frogs, frogs and red frogs are also puzzling. I didn't understand until I saw that classmate's poem. It turns out that he wrote roses, roses, red roses! One year when I went to Meizhou, a court president told me that we must speak Mandarin well. Only by speaking Mandarin well can we deceive the people. " I heard it's really strange, president of the court, to lie in Mandarin? I didn't know it was convenient until I asked! Hakka dialect refers to "non-aspirated toilet" as an aspirated liar. Dialect island is also a surprising language phenomenon. The so-called dialect island means that in a larger dialect area, there is a smaller place that speaks completely different dialects. This land can be a county, a town, a township or a village. For example, Zhongshan City in Guangdong Province is a Cantonese dialect area, but there is a small town near Zhongshan City. The Hakka dialect spoken by people in the town is completely different from the surrounding Cantonese. Dialect island was caused by garrison troops and immigrants in ancient or modern times. Dialect islands are also common in Guangdong, Fujian, Hainan and even many places in the north. Tianjin dialect is obviously different from the surrounding Hebei dialect. It is said that in the early Ming Dynasty, a large number of imperial troops, mainly Anhui people, were stationed in Tianjin and flourished here. Therefore, Tianjin can also be said to be a large Anhui dialect island in Hebei dialect area, and Tianjin dialect can also be said to be a synthesis of Anhui dialect (Suzhou dialect) and Hebei dialect. There is a Manchu village in Qingzhou City, Shandong Province. The Manchu residents there are descendants of the Banners who have been stationed in Qingzhou under the orders of the imperial court since the eighth year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty. To this day, the young people there, like the old people, still retain the accent brought by the north and speak something absolutely different from the people around Qingzhou. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Tianjin-Pukou Railway was completed, and many railway workers moved from Tianjin to Pukou. So until the sixties and seventies, there was a railway workers' community in Pukou that spoke Tianjin dialect. In 1950s and 1960s, New China carried out large-scale industrial construction in the western part of the motherland, and relocated many workers and technicians from the eastern coastal areas. Therefore, in today's western emerging industrial cities, such as Xi, Luoyang, Baotou, Yinchuan, Shihezi and other cities, it is easy to find small dialect islands that speak Beijing dialect, Tianjin dialect, Shanghai dialect and Northeast dialect. In the past 20 years, due to the development of market economy, many farmers have moved to cities in an orderly or disorderly way, and their fellow villagers have lived together, forming relatively new dialect islands, such as Zhejiang Village in the southern suburbs of Beijing and Xinjiang Village in Haidian. The differences between dialects are mainly reflected in phonetic differences, but the differences between words are also quite large. Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan are close neighbors, but Beijingers are called sweet potatoes and Tangshan people are called sweet potatoes. I asked a little girl in Tianjin, do you like sweet potatoes? "She asked me strangely how rats can eat?" I said steamed food, boiled food, and porridge can be eaten. "What did she say? How disgusting! " It turned out that she regarded sweet potato as a mouse "because Tianjin people call sweet potato" sweet potato ". Another example is Baiyun Mountain Park in Guangzhou. I asked an old man where the cable car was. " The old man said it was convenient. Go ahead and turn a corner. I walked a long way and turned a corner, and the men's room came on me! It turns out that Guangdong people call the cable car "ropeway" and say "ropeway", which is a men's toilet.
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