Who is Xin Kewei?

Cool brother Xiaoxin Xinzhi Dad

Explanation of the name of zi Xin

Wisdom

wisdom

Wisdom refers to wisdom, cleverness, talent and intelligence. Confucius believes that only the wise can realize that "benevolence" is beneficial to them and implement it. Only rulers are "wise men", and most of them can become "benevolent people", while "villains" have no wisdom. Confucianism regards "wisdom" as one of the important conditions to realize its highest moral principle "benevolence". To achieve "great virtue", they must go through five steps of "knowledge", namely, erudition, interrogation, careful thinking, discernment and perseverance. Han Confucianism listed "wisdom" as one of the "five permanents".

Buddhist terminology. The transliteration of Rona and Gahona. Refers to people's universal ability or knowledge to identify things and judge right and wrong, good and evil. Also known as wisdom, but Buddhism believes that wisdom and wisdom are different. According to the explanation in Volume IX of the Mahayana Righteousness Chapter: "People who speak wisdom are called wisdom according to their names, and those who understand it are called wisdom, which is different." When you observe and choose things separately, it is also called wisdom (infernal affairs). When you make a decision about something and understand it clearly, you are called wisdom (liberation). Buddhism believes that all sentient beings are ignorant (ignorant), ignorant of the causal relationship and truth of all laws (all things), and create all kinds of bad karma, which leads to reincarnation and persecution by all kinds of troubles. Getting rid of ignorance and trouble is wisdom. In Buddhist scriptures, wisdom is compared to sword, sharp arrow and light. For example, in Bodhisattva's Journey, there are words such as "the smart sword breaks the thief", and in On Great Wisdom, there are words such as "the smart arrow is strong and the thief is slow to break". In Confucian classics, wisdom is compared to the sea, which is vast and unfathomable and divided into many categories.

Second wisdom is superior to righteous wisdom and secular wisdom. 1, winning righteousness and wisdom, also known as reason, fundamental wisdom, undifferentiated wisdom, true wisdom and true wisdom. Refers to the wisdom of saints, as real as the realm, or the wisdom born from the truth proved by rational observation of truth. 2. Secular wisdom, also known as quantitative wisdom, later wisdom, different wisdom, common wisdom and partial wisdom. Knowledge produced after basic wisdom, or knowledge produced by observing all worldly things in proportion. This is that general method of observe everything in Buddhism.

The three intelligences are mutual wisdom, mutual wisdom of Tao and all-round wisdom. Seeing everything and proving why, apart from troubles, are three abilities: Buddha, Bodhisattva, Hearing and Feeling. 1, everything is wise. For the wisdom of the Buddha. Also known as all kinds of wisdom and cutting wisdom. Knowing all dharma, such as all its forms, all its forms, and knowing bodhisattva and listening to Tao. 2. Tao is wise. Wisdom for bodhisattva. Also known as wisdom in the Tao, wisdom in the Tao and wisdom in the Tao. In order to make all beings become Buddhas, the Bodhisattva should know all the good and evil behaviors in the world and their differences. 3. Be smart. It is listening and knowing wisdom. Nirvana wants to prove that all internal and external dharma bodies are empty. There are eyes, ears, nose, tongue and body inside, which means six places inside, and twelve places outside are color, sound, smell, taste, touch and method. In the twenty-seventh volume of Great Wisdom, it is said: "Knowing twelve things is called cutting off wisdom."

Four wisdom 1, great circle mirror wisdom. Showing all the virtues of the dharma circle is like showing all the colors in the great round mirror and shining on the directors of the dharma circle. 2. Equal intelligence. In order to realize the principle of inequality of all laws, it has no great sorrow for all sentient beings, nor has it the wisdom to realize equality of all laws. 3. Excellent observation and wisdom. In order to distinguish between wonderful and wonderful, the audience took the opportunity to express doubts. 4. Be wise. In order to succeed, even for the benefit of the wisdom of one's wonderful career, for the benefit of all ordinary people, it is the wisdom of all kinds of changes. Yoga school and Faxiangzong advocate "ordinary people's eight senses", and become four intelligences after "turning knowledge into wisdom", which means turning the eighth sense into "great mirror wisdom", turning the seventh sense forward into "equal wisdom", turning the sixth sense into "wonderful view wisdom" and waiting for the first five senses to become "successful wisdom"

Five kinds of wisdom possessed by the Tathagata. That is, in addition to the above four kinds of intelligence, plus the body intelligence of dharma circles. Dharma realm refers to all phenomena in the whole universe and the bodies on which they depend. Tantric has five wisdom and Five Dhyani Buddhas. The body wisdom of the legal world is the coming of the Central Day; The Great Round Mirror Wisdom Platform is the Oriental Buddha; Equality and wisdom are the wealth of the south; Wonderful observation and wisdom show that amitabha comes from the west; What you have done is a sign of wisdom, and the achievements in the north are not empty.

Ten kinds of intelligence are different in size and multiplication. Hinayana makes ten wits, and always shoots cleverly. Volume 26 of "All-giving-up Theory" says: "There are ten kinds of wisdom, all-vulgar wisdom, two kinds of wisdom, three kinds of wisdom, four kinds of wisdom, five sets of wisdom, six kinds of wisdom, seven kinds of wisdom, eight hearts, nine kinds of wisdom and ten kinds of wisdom." Mahayana also has ten wisdom, namely, the third generation wisdom, Buddhism wisdom, Buddhism wisdom, unhindered wisdom, Buddhism wisdom, unbounded wisdom, wisdom of all beings, wisdom of all buddhas and unbounded wisdom.

In addition, there are twenty, forty-eight, seventy-seven and so on. (Ren Jie)

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Wisdom (538 ~ 597)

Monks Chen and Sui are the actual pioneers of Tiantai Sect. Dean, the common surname is Chen. A native of Yingchuan (now Xuchang, Henan) and Huarong, Jingzhou (now southwest of Qianjiang, Hubei). I have been a Buddhist since I was a child. 17 years old, Liang Luan, displaced. /kloc-When he was 0/8 years old, he entered the Guoyuan Temple in Xiangzhou and became a monk. At the age of 20, he got an anklet. In the first year of Jia (560), he went to Dasushan, Gwangju (now Huangchuan, Henan), learned the four blessings according to Huisi, and realized the samadhi of Fa Hua. In the first year of Everbright (567), he went to Jiankang Hongchan and lived in the crock temple for 8 years. He talked about great wisdom, the second Zen Buddhism, and the Lotus Sutra. In the seventh year of Taijian (575), he entered Tiantai Mountain. In the third year of Zhide (585), Chen Houzhu ordered him to speak the Benevolent King Prajna Sutra back to Jiankang, and he awarded the Prince the following year. In the first year of Zhenming (587), the Lotus Sutra was taught in Yuzhai Temple, and it was recorded as a French-Chinese sentence from the beginning of the lecture. After Chen died, he moved to Lushan Mountain. In the 11th year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (59 1), the King of Jin invited him to Yangzhou, gave him a ring and named him a sage. The following year, I went to Jingzhou and made a yuquan temple in Dangyang, saying that "Fa Hua Xuan Yi" and "Maha Zhi Guan" were recorded by disciples. For fifteen years, he wrote Jing Ming Jing Shu for the king of Jin. The following year, he resigned to Tiantai and reorganized the mountain temple. In his life, he built 36 temples (35 temples), 4,000 monks (14,000 monks) and 32 disciples, ranking first in enlightenment.

Wisdom? He preached and taught for more than 30 years, advocated the reconciliation of double movements, changed the style of study of emphasizing righteousness in the south and Zen in the north at that time, and won the admiration of the ruling and opposition parties and the four major Buddhists. The main content of his works is to interpret the Confucian classics with five metaphysical meanings (one interpretation of the name, two styles, Sanming School, four theories and five judgments), to deconstruct the Confucian classics with four interpretations of the Imperial Academy (one interpretation of the cause, two interpretations of the religion, three interpretations of the traces and four interpretations of the mind), to establish the meditation method of "stopping, gradual and indefinite" for three stops and three views, and to advocate the explanation of "stopping" and "stopping". The five-hour and eight-hour religions were established to interpret the teaching methods of the first generation of Sakyamuni, thus establishing the theoretical system and interpretation norms of Tiantai Sect. Its central idea is a realistic two-tier theory, which advocates that all laws are equal; And from this point on, take the incredible (no waiting, absolute) environment on the right as the best environment to modify the certificate. His main works include Fahua Xuanyi, Fawenhua Sentence and Maha View, each with 20 volumes, which are collectively called Tiantai's three major departments. There are two volumes, Guanyin Xuanyi, Guanyin Yishu and Jin Guangming Xuanyi, plus six volumes, Jin Guangming Sentence and Guan, which are collectively called the five small parts of Tiantai in the world. In addition, there are four major theories, namely, Jing Shu, Jin Gangzuan, Amitabha, and the mind-watching theory dictated before dying. * * * 15 1 a total of 29 volumes, as well as Three Views of Vimo, Ten Doubts of Pure Land and Five Doubts.

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wisdom

Wisdom is higher than the sky. In ancient times, wisdom was written as knowledge, that is to say, knowing is wisdom. Know yourself, know yourself and know yourself, and you can know the earth and the sky. Heaven is the road, the force of nature. Understanding and applying the laws of nature is a great achievement of knowledge. Therefore, putting knowledge in the sky (heaven) is different from little knowledge (wisdom). If you want to show real great wisdom, you must understand the way of heaven's operation, have a plain world outlook and a comfortable attitude, and have the demeanor of walking the universe without being wasted. Therefore, knowledge is higher than the sky, which is a realm and a realm of wisdom.

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Branch surname

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Ji Dieao, a doctor of the State of Jin, took the feudal town "Bian" as his surname, and then added the word "Xun" next to "Ear Knife". Ji Dieao is also called Xun Xi.

Xun, the son of the post-Xun, was awarded the title of "Zhi" (now northwest of yongji city in Yuncheng District, southeast of the ancient city and south of Linyi County). He took the "wisdom" of the fief as his surname. Therefore, the branch surname originated from Xun's surname, and Xun's name was Zhi Shou, and the history called Zhi Zhuangzi, which was the ancestor.

"Wisdom", ancient Chinese also wrote the word "knowledge".

First, the origin of intellectual surnames

During the Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Ji Dieao (Xun), a public doctor of the State of Jin, took "Bian" as his surname, followed by "Ear Knife" and added the prefix "Xun". Zhao quoted Shiben as saying, "Zhuangzi died at the time of Ao". During the reign of Duke Jing of Jin, Xun, the third son of the general of the State of Jin, was named Zhi (now the northern part of yongji city, the southern part of Linyi County and the southeast of the ancient city of yongji city in Yuncheng, Shanxi).

"Wisdom" means "knowledge" in ancient China characters.

Therefore, the branch surname came from Xun, whose initial name was Xun (about 635 BC-578 BC). He was the ancestor of Zhi surname and died in the village. He was called Zhi Zhuangzi in history. From generation to generation.

The head of the ancestor

History books call Xun Shou (knowing the first), knowing Zhuangzi and knowing the dead.

The wisdom of the second ancestor (Zhang)

History books call Xun Gou, and life calls He Shuo.

Zhishuo, the third ancestor

History books say that Xun said (knowing what to say), life knows surplus.

Four generations of grandfathers Zhiying

History books call Xun Ying (knowing should be), knowing sorrow as a son and knowing oak.

The fifth ancestor, Quercus acutissima (gravel)

History books say that Xun Quercus (knowing Quercus), knowing, knowing Shen, knowing.

The sixth ancestor (I, Zhong)

History books say (knowing Shen), knowing, knowing night and knowing Yao.

Wu Xu, the sixth ancestor.

In the history books, it was called knowledge, but it was changed to "Tu".

Six ancestors zhiguo

History books call knowledge fruit, and other nations call it "auxiliary" in Taishi.

The seventh ancestor Shi Xiaozhi

History books say that knowing the night, knowing the eldest son and knowing the country.

Zhi Yao, the seventh ancestor.

History books say that Xun Yao knew Xiangzi and his life was open.

The eighth ancestor wisdom country

In 453 BC, Zhao, Han and Wei died to protect Zhifu.

The eighth Zu Zhikai

In 452 BC, after Zhao, Han and Wei divided their wisdom, they led a man named Yi to the State of Qin.

Second, the county hopes

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhi County was located in Tianshui County, Hedong County and Chenliu County of Jin State. According to Yuan He's compilation, "Wang Zhi leaves Tianshui, Hedong and Chenliu".

Tianshui County: In the third year of the Western Han Dynasty (BC 1 14), Pingxiang was initially established (now northwest of Tongwei County in Dingxi District, Gansu Province) and moved to Tuo in the Western Jin Dynasty (now Tianshui City). The Northern Wei Dynasty was equivalent to today's water, Qin 'an, Gangu and other places. Yongping 17 (AD 74) in the Eastern Han Dynasty was changed to Hanyang County, and the Wei Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms was still another water county. It is equivalent to the area of Tongwei County in Dingxi area of Gansu Province today, Zhuanglang County and Jingning County in Pingliang area of Tianshui City, Qin 'an County, Gangu County, Qingshui County and Zhangjiachuan County in Tianshui area.

Hedong County: Established in the early Qin Dynasty, it is located in Anyi County (northwest of Xiaxian County in Shanxi Province). Namely, yongji city, Linyi and Xiaxian in Yuncheng area east of the Yellow River. Chenliu County: In 22 1 year BC, Chenliu County was established in Qin Dynasty and changed to Chenliu County in Western Han Dynasty, with jurisdiction (now southeast of Kaifeng City, Henan Province). It is equivalent to Minquan County and Ningling County in Shangqiu area of Henan Province in the east, Kaifeng City and Weishi County in Kaifeng area in the west, Yanjin County in Xinxiang area in the north and Qixian County in Kaifeng area in the south.

According to the records in "Expanding Geography", Zhicheng is located in Zhou Pu, 40 miles northwest of Yuxiang County. Zhou Pu established Qin Zhou in the first four years of the Qin Dynasty (354 BC), and Qin Zhou was changed to Zhou Pu in the second year of Ming Di in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (558 AD). In the early years of the Sui Dynasty (AD 605), it was abandoned and ruled in the southeast of the old town of Zhou Pu, yongji city. In the first year of Tang Wude (AD 6 18), Zhou Pu was established, and now it is located in Linjin Town, Linyi County. In three years, Tang Wude moved to Puzhou City, which governs five counties of Hedong, Hexi, Linjin, Yi Shi and Yuxiang, and now belongs to Yuncheng, Shanxi.

In the first year of Baoding in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (AD 56 1 year), it was changed from Suihua County to Yuxiang County. Sui belongs to Hedong County, which was demolished in the 9th year of Sui Daye (AD 6 13), so it is located in Gucheng Village, Chang Kai Town, northwest of Yuxiang Town, yongji city, and Dongxia Village, Changqing Township. In the first year of Tang Wude (AD 6 18), it was located in Yuxiang County, belonging to Zhou Pu, and in the ninth year of Tang Kaiyuan (AD 72 1 year), belonging to Hezhong House. The Five Dynasties, Song Dynasty and Jindu were called Yuxiang County.

"Natural History" contains: Xiexian has a smart city, and soon the smart city is in Yuxiang. Xie Xian's "Warring States Policy" contains: In the twenty-first year of the reign of King Kuai, "Qin defeated Wei's family to solve the problem". Han Zhijie County belongs to Hedong County. In the 11th year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 487), it was renamed as Beijie County. The Northern Zhou Dynasty was abolished. Therefore, it is located between Chengxi Village and Chengdong Village in the southeast of Linjin Town, Linyi County, and the site still exists. In the 9th year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty (AD 6 13), Yuxiang County was ruled from Suihua Old Town, and in the 1st year of Tang Wude (AD 6 18), it was changed to Jiexian County. In the seventeenth year of Tang Zhenguan (AD 643), it was abolished, and it was restored in the twenty-second year of Tang Zhenguan, belonging to the house in the river. In the first year of the Republic of China (A.D. 19 12), Jiezhou was changed to Jiexian. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), it merged with Yuxiang County in 1954 to become Jieyu County, and merged with Yuncheng County in 1958, so it is now Jiezhou Town of Yuncheng City.

"Atlas of Chinese History-Map of Jin State in Spring and Autumn Period" records: "Wisdom" is located in the north of Yongji County15km. The old "Linjin County Records" said: "On the bank of Hubei, 30 miles southwest of the county seat, there is an' ancient city' called Xieliang City, which was built in the heyday of Zhibo, also known as Zhicheng, and its remains still exist."

Xie Liangcheng's "Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong Fifteen Years" records: "Jin Houli Qin Bolie River has five cities outside, with a short distance in the east, Huashan in the south and Xie Liangcheng inside." Xie Liangcheng is Xie Liang City in the southwest of Laojinjin County, with the surname of Hubei. "Old Linjin County Records" is called Nan Gucheng Village, which is now the Gucheng Village of Chang Kai Town in northern yongji city.

Third, the rise and fall of history.

(1) during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (the ancestor branch Zhuangzi to the eighth ancestor branch Kuan defected to Qin).

In June, 597 BC (the seventh year of Duke Jing of Jin Dynasty), Xun Shou was the military doctor of the State of Jin in the battle of Chu Jin. Xun's eldest son, Xun, was captured by Chu.

Note: Xunzi (Zhang) mentioned in history books is knowledge (wisdom).

In 589 BC, the battle of Jin and Qi Ma 'an was defeated by Qi's division, and Xun recorded the army. ("Zuo Zhuan Lu Chenggong Two Years" records).

In 588 BC, Xun Shou exchanged the son of Chu for knowing that he had returned to the State of Jin.

In 587 BC, Xun Shouzuo saved Xu and captured the cities of Lun (now northwest) and Ji (now north of Zhengzhou).

In 586 BC, Xun Shou was like a rebellious woman.

In 585 BC, Jin saved Zheng from invading Cai Yong, knowing that Zhuangzi remonstrated and did not fight, but Jin was still there;

In 578 BC (the third year of the State of Jin), Xun was the left leader in the battle of Ma Tunnel (now the north of Jingyang County, Shaanxi Province), and he was the first to die. In 575 BC (Zhou Jianwang 1 1 year), after the battle of Yanling, (Zhang) was appointed as the deputy commander-in-chief of the Jin army.

In 573 BC (Zhou Jianwang 13), Zhigou married Gongzi Zhou and formed an alliance with the doctor as Duke Xiang of Jin. In 565 BC (the seventh year of Zhou Lingwang), Gou was promoted to Marshal Zhong Jun, who was in charge of the state affairs of Jin. In 5 14 BC, Liu Qing of the State of Jin killed the son of the State of Jin and carved up his fief.

In 472 BC, he led his troops to cut Qi, and then cut Zheng twice, which strengthened the power of the branch. In 464 BC, Zhi Yao of Jin attacked Zheng, who turned to Qi for help. As soon as Qi reinforcements arrived, the Jin army retreated. In 455 BC (14 weeks to calm the emperor), when Jin was in power, Zhishi joined forces with Zhao, Wei and Han to eliminate Fan and BOC and divide up their land and property. At this point, the state of Jin changed from the dictatorship of six Qing dynasties to four great powers. These four families are Zhi, Zhao, Han and Wei, among which Zhi is the most powerful, and its surname is Bo, ranking first among the four ministers.

In 455 BC, Zhi Yao and Shuaijun wiped out the kingdom of Judah (the kingdom of Judah was in Yuxian, Yangquan, Shanxi). In 455 BC, Zhi Yao of Jin joined forces with Wei Ju and Han Hu to attack Zhao, and surrounded Jinyang, the base of Zhao.

In 453 BC, Wei and Han rebelled, United Zhao to defeat the Zhi family, beheaded, slaughtered the Zhi family, and carved up its territory, which was known as the division of wisdom among the three families, which opened the historical curtain of the division of Jin among the three families.

In 452 BC (twenty-five years after Qin Li became an official), Zhikai (the son of Zhiyao) led his intelligent people to the State of Qin. (According to Historical Records, Volume V, Qin Benji, Fifth)

In 448 BC (Qin Li was an official for twenty-nine years), Zhi Kuan, a doctor guarding other cities in the State of Jin, led a man named Zhi Yi to the State of Qin six years later. (According to Historical Records, Volume XV Chronology of Six Countries No.3)

(2) Ancient China (22 BC1year to AD 1840 before the Opium War) IV. Migration and distribution.

(1) Immigration

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhi County was located in Tianshui County, Hedong County and Chenliu County of Jin State.

"The three factions divided their wisdom", and the Zhizu were defeated, and Zhi Bo was killed, which harmed the Zhizu. Zhao, Han and Wei carved up the land and property of the Zhi family, and the Zhi family faced an unprecedented disaster.

Some surviving members of the branch family had to migrate, remain anonymous, run away from home and live in Shangcai County, Zhumadian District, Henan Province.

Zhikai and Zhikuan: After the three factions divided their minds, they led their Yi people to the State of Qin and lived in Tianshui County.

In order to avoid disaster, a clan of the State of Guo changed its surname from the official surname of the State of Jin to "Fu" and moved to other places.

Some people changed their surnames to Xun in advance to avoid disaster.

Wu (the sixth ancestor and brother), a doctor of land and water in Jin Dynasty, took Tu as his surname, and this clan was preserved, that is, it continued to the present Tu family.

Some people changed their surname to "Cheng", which is now the Cheng family in Shanxi Province. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, according to the needs of national immigrants, some intellectuals' surnames were concentrated in Dahuaishu Town, Hongdong County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province, and moved to Jianghuai, Hebei, Henan, Shandong and Northeast China.