Countries in the world-Europe, Iceland

Iceland is an island country in the North Atlantic. Located at the intersection of the Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean, it is one of the five Nordic countries, with a land area of 6.5438+0.03 million square kilometers and a population of about 340,000. It is the country with the lowest population density in Europe. Reykjavik is the capital and the largest city in Iceland. The population of the southwest near the capital accounts for two-thirds of the country.

Iceland, located in the mid-Atlantic ridge, is a country with many volcanoes and frequent geological activities. The inland is dominated by plain landforms, with sandy land, cooled lava plains and glaciers distributed in the territory. Although Iceland is located on the edge of the Arctic Circle, it is influenced by the North Atlantic warm current and has a suitable climate.

According to the Book of Colonies, the history of European colonists can be traced back to 874 AD. Viking Inge Jansen and his party were the earliest permanent settlers in Iceland, and other earlier settlers only spent winter in Iceland. In the following centuries, Scandinavians settled in Iceland, and they also brought Gaelic slaves. 1262- 19 18, Iceland became a part of Norway and later came under the jurisdiction of the Danish royal family. 19 18 Iceland declared its independence on 1944 and became a republic.

In 874, Viking Inge Arnason led a group of people to settle in Iceland.

Before Scandinavians and Celts immigrated to Iceland in the 9th-/Kloc-0th century, Iceland was the last uninhabited big island except New Zealand.

In 930, the world's earliest parliament was established (Icelandic: Al? Ingi) and established a free state in Iceland, although this parliament did not run for a long time. Some written evidence shows that Irish monks lived in Iceland before the arrival of northerners, but there is no archaeological evidence to prove this inference. Iceland has maintained its independence for 300 years.

After a period of civil strife, Iceland joined the rule of Norway in the13rd century. 1397 The establishment of the Kalmar Union unified the kingdoms of Norway, Denmark and Sweden. Therefore, Iceland joined the alliance with Norway and accepted the rule of Denmark after Sweden left the Union in 1523. For Denmark, Iceland is a distant semi-colonial territory, and Denmark lacks Icelandic institutions and infrastructure.

Around the middle of16th century, as part of the Protestant Reformation, King Christian III of Denmark began to promote Lutheranism among all his subjects. The last Catholic bishop, Jón Arason, and his two sons were beheaded in 1550. Lutheranism has been the dominant religion in Iceland since then.

17 and 18 centuries, Denmark imposed strict trade restrictions on Iceland. Natural disasters, including volcanic eruptions and diseases, have led to population decline. Pirates from several countries, including the coast of Babari, attacked its coastal settlements and kidnapped people as slaves. /kloc-A smallpox epidemic in the 0/8th century killed about one third of people. 1783, laki volcano erupted, which had a devastating impact. In the years after the outbreak, people called it "fog difficulty" (English: The Mist hysteresis Icelandic: Mó? uhar？ More than half of the livestock died, and about a quarter of the population died in the subsequent famine.

/kloc-In the mid-8th century, Iceland was also influenced by the Enlightenment, resulting in eggert Olafsson, Biani palsson, Sven palsson and other scientific pioneers. Reykjavik was founded on 1786 with the support of wool industry founded by Scuri magnuson.

During the Napoleonic Wars, because Denmark joined the French side, the British navy blocked Iceland's air routes and seized ships, making Iceland poor again. After the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, Iceland's struggle for independence came into being. 18 14 Before Denmark and the United Kingdom of Norway were divided according to the Kiel Treaty, Iceland was a colony of the Norwegian king and later became a dependency of Denmark. 1874, the Danish government granted Iceland limited autonomy. 19 18, Denmark and Iceland signed a joint bill, and Denmark recognized the Kingdom of Iceland as a sovereign state attached to the Kingdom of Denmark. Since then, Iceland has further gained independence and sovereignty similar to that of a protectorate in internal affairs, while Denmark still retains power in foreign affairs and national defense.

1940 Nazi Germany occupied Denmark during World War II, and the Icelandic parliament announced that the Icelandic government had taken back the power of Iceland's foreign affairs from the Danish king. In the same year, Britain occupied Iceland, a neutral country. The following year, American troops took over from British troops and entered Iceland. The Danish king continued to rule according to law.

1944 Iceland was established. As a member of NATO, the Republic of China signed an agreement with the United States to defend Iceland in 1949. According to this agreement, the United States set up a military base in Lavich, Kiev, until the end of September 2006, when the United States unilaterally withdrew. So far, Iceland does not have its own army.

In the decades after the war, Iceland's economy relied on fisheries, and there were several conflicts with neighboring countries because of this resource, including the famous "cold war" with Britain. In recent years, due to heavy industry investment, Iceland's economy has gradually diversified, aluminum smelting has been developed, and the economy has been liberalized and privatized. The financial crisis in Iceland in 2008 triggered a series of political movements and changes. Iceland became a member of the European Economic Area through the EEA, but did not join the European Union. On July 17, 2009, the Icelandic government formally applied to Sweden, which holds the rotating presidency of the European Union, and the European Commission in Brussels, Belgium, but the negotiations on joining the European Union have been suspended.

1. Dingweiler National Park

2. Sulsey i.

3. Vatna Glacier National Park