When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin is located in the east of Germany, with an area of 889 square kilometers and a population of 3.46 million. It governs 23 districts. Berlin was once a turbulent world city in history. In the decades after World War II, Berlin was a symbol of the division of Germany and the center of the "Cold War" between East and West. Since the reunification of Germany on 199013 October, Berlin has become a state, a unified city and the largest city in the Federal Republic of Germany. 1991On June 20th, the German Federal Parliament passed a resolution to move the capital. After 2000, the Federal Parliament and relevant federal government agencies moved from Bonn to Berlin, and Berlin became the capital of Germany again.

Country name: Berlin, Berlin

State capital: Berlin

Population: 3.46 million

Area: 889 square kilometers

Introduction:

Berlin is located in the east of Germany, with an area of 889 square kilometers and a population of 3.46 million. It governs 23 districts. Berlin was once a turbulent world city in history. In the decades after World War II, Berlin was a symbol of the division of Germany and the center of the "Cold War" between East and West. Since the reunification of Germany on 199013 October, Berlin has become a state, a unified city and the largest city in the Federal Republic of Germany. 1991On June 20th, the German Federal Parliament passed a resolution to move the capital. After 2000, the Federal Parliament and relevant federal government agencies moved from Bonn to Berlin, and Berlin became the capital of Germany again.

World Metropolis-Berlin

(A) a world metropolis with a long history and turbulence

Berlin is an extraordinary city with special charm in the world. Berlin is one of the famous ancient capitals in Europe, and its origin can be traced back to the end of 12. At that time, the Ascani subfamily, headed by Teutonic Albert, was called the "Great Bear" and drove away the Slavs. Occupy this land. This is also the symbol of Berlin and the origin of bears. Ascani was the first protector of Berlin. From 65438 to 0237, Berlin on the east coast of spree river merged with the fishermen's settlement on the west coast. Since then, economy and trade have become active, and Berlin has gradually become a gathering place for businessmen, technicians and artists. This merger is regarded as the birth of Berlin. /kloc-In the 4th century, Berlin became a member of the Hanseatic League. 1470, the Marquis of Brandenburg made Berlin his official residence. 170 1 year, the king of Prussia moved here and began to build palaces, gardens and avenues. 187 1 18 10/8, Bismarck unified Germany, Berlin became the capital of Germany, and developed into the political, economic and cultural center of Germany, which was called "Athens on Spree". Historically, Berlin is a European cultural metropolis. /kloc-In the 7th century, it accepted persecuted Protestants from France and Bohemia. Become a tolerant city open to the world, an enlightened place in art and science. At the same time, it is also a turbulent city. It used to be the intersection of autocracy and democratic rule, and it was the dual center of terror and counter-terrorism. In the decades after the end of World War II, it became a symbol of Germany's division and the center of the "cold war" between the western victors and the Soviet Union. A Berlin Wall has caused the people of East and West Germany to suffer for 40 years. With the unification of Germany on 19891October 9, 165438+ and 19901October 3, Berlin became a state of the German Federation, and once again, as the capital of the unified Germany.

The capital of Germany, the economic and cultural center of Europe.

Berlin, the capital of Germany after reunification, covers an area of 889 square kilometers and has a population of 34 1 000. It is the largest city in Germany. Today's Berliners are not real Berlin natives. Berliners are mainly immigrants in history. They come from France, Bohemia and Poland, and now more from Eastern Europe. They are a mixture of international races. At present, foreigners in Berlin are mainly Turks, Yugoslavs and Vietnamese. Berlin is one of the largest industrial centers in Europe. Its main industries include machinery manufacturing, food processing, pharmacy, textile and electrical industry. There are two world-class enterprises here: Siemens and General Electric. Berlin is a city with prosperous business. It is the most prosperous commercial street in Berlin, located near Kusfeldden Street and Zoo Station in West Berlin. There are more than 1000 shops in the middle, and all kinds of goods are dazzling, so it is an ideal shopping place for people. There are three institutions of higher learning in Berlin, the most famous of which is Humboldt University in the east of the city. It is named after william von humboldt, a scholar and politician, and his brother, alexander von humboldt, a naturalist who traveled around the world. Followed by 1948, the Free University and Polytechnic University were built in the west of the city. In addition, there are many research institutions engaged in important scientific research in Berlin, such as Hahn-Maitenar Institute engaged in nuclear physics and reactor physics, Heinrich-Hertz Institute of Communication Technology, etc. Although Berlin has experienced numerous historical changes, it is still the cultural center of Europe. As a famous cultural city, Berlin has a cultural festival almost every month throughout the year. Every year, there are drama conferences in May, cultural festivals in summer, art festivals in September and June, 65438+ 10, Berlin Jazz Festival in June, 165438+ 10. Many cultural festivals make Berlin's literary and artistic stage colorful. There are also three major opera houses in Berlin. They are the German Theatre, the German National Theatre under the Bodhi Tree and the Funny Opera House. In addition, there are dozens of theaters and several large symphony orchestras, which perform nonstop throughout the year. It shows people the Dublin of European music. Nowadays, watching cultural performances has become an important part of modern Berliners' life. Berlin is also a famous World Expo city. When you go to Berlin, you must visit the museum. There are many kinds of museums in Berlin. For example, the German Ethnology Museum shows people the national cultural activities of Germany-speaking Europe from the17th century to the present, and the Prehistoric and Ancient History Museum shows the prehistoric and early cultural treasures of Europe and Asia Minor, paleolithic and Mesolithic cultures, etc. The Museum of Ancient Cultural Relics displays works of art from ancient Greece and Rome, vases and oil paintings from Athens and Italy, and ancient gold ornaments. In addition, there are Egyptian Museum, Indian Art Museum, Ethnology Museum, East Asian Art Museum, Postal Museum, Musical Instrument Museum, National Art Museum and Berlin Crime Science Museum, which can only be visited by people over 16. These museums create an immersive atmosphere in various fascinating ways. Berliners like to go to museums. They visit museums as often as they go to the cinema, which has become an important way for Berliners to absorb knowledge and enrich their amateur cultural life. As tourists, museums in Berlin are also a must-see.

(3) Scenic spots

Berlin is a garden-like tourist city with beautiful scenery. There are streams and trees everywhere, and the area of lakes and woodlands accounts for 1/3 of Berlin. The whole city is surrounded by forests and grasslands. Looking down at the whole city from high altitude, it looks like a big green island. The larger forests in Berlin are Gruna Forest, Dupal Pine Forest, Spandau Forest and Tegel Forest, most of which are distributed in the west of Berlin. In Berlin, you can fish and swim anywhere. There are 25 outdoor swimming pools in the city. Only by visiting these forests and lakes and getting in touch with the natural beauty of nature can tourists deeply understand the traditional romantic and unique life of Berliners. As the ancient cultural capital of Europe, Berlin is a place that tourists yearn for. There are many places of interest in Berlin. The Empire State Building, Egyptian Museum, Charlotte Palace, Olympic Stadium, Berlin Zoo, Brandenburg Gate and Lake Wan Hu are all famous tourist attractions. Among them, the Brandenburg Gate with a two-wheeled carriage has now become a symbol of the fall of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of Germany. In addition, Humboldt University, New Wache, armory, cathedral and TV tower are also places where tourists stop. The famous Nikolai Church, built in 1320, is the oldest church in Berlin and an ideal starting point for city roaming. As a modern city and a tourist city, the bus traffic in Berlin is very developed. There are 9 subway lines and 155 bus lines in the urban area, and a bus leaves in less than 2 minutes on average. There is little crowding in the car. The trinity of bus, subway and tram is connected with each other, fast and punctual, and taxis are on call, which makes the traffic in this city very convenient. The cost of public transportation in Berlin is also relatively cheap, and the subway and electric car share a ticket, which is also very common in the city. Tickets are divided into ordinary tickets, one-day tickets, two-day tickets, three-day tickets, weekly tickets and monthly tickets. The average fare per kilometer is DM 0.28, of which 6 1% is subsidized by the state, and individuals pay less than half of the fare. Berlin's public transportation is very developed, ranking third in Europe after London and Paris. As a tourist city, Berlin receives millions of domestic and foreign tourists every year.

Meet the challenge and enter the new century

With their vitality, creativity and high speed, Berliners have made this ancient city one of the most dynamic cities in the world. Berliners have a strong sense of self, and they are proud to be Berliners. Berliners have a special liking for curry sausages in stalls, from the mayor to the common people. American President Bush also came here, accompanied by the then mayor and later German President weizsacker, and feasted his eyes on Kurt's snack bar. Berlin is also a famous city. Among several mayors in Berlin, in just a few decades after the war, there appeared three famous figures whose influence far exceeded the city boundaries and participated in shaping Germany's post-war history. They are Ernst Reuters, Willy Brandt and Richard von weizsacker. Like many famous western cities, Berlin is also a city that never sleeps, and the nightlife of Berliners is very active and rich. At night, the streets are brightly lit and hotels and cafes are packed. But there are several places that people are unwilling or afraid to set foot in. First of all, Alexander Square and Prentzlauberg, the former center of East Berlin, are places where neo-Nazis and xenophobic forces are active. At night, there are few pedestrians here, and it is very deserted. Not only foreigners but also Germans seldom go there. Second, krenz-Berg in West Berlin is called the "autonomous" area, where well-dressed people are regarded as "enemies" and will be attacked. This shows that Berlin, as a world metropolis, its unstable factors are also obvious. The unification of Germany not only brought remarkable prosperity to this ancient city, but also made it face great challenges. Economic difficulties, a large number of unemployed people, the influx of refugees, the housing shortage caused by the rapid population expansion, and the wave of xenophobia caused by neo-Nazi forces are all difficult problems that need to be solved urgently before the new unified Berlin government. In order to narrow the economic gap between the east and the west, the government should strive to improve the living conditions of residents in the east. At present, hundreds of thousands of houses in eastern Berlin are being renovated. By the year 2000, the German Federal Parliament and relevant federal agencies will move to Berlin, and Berlin will regain its historical position as the German capital. Therefore, the planning and construction of the future government area at the corner of spree river is also in full swing. Due to the reunification of Germany, a large area of land next to Potsdam Square has been relaxed for a long time and has become a hot spot for investment. In a word, Berlin is welcoming the new century with a brand-new look.

1April 1994, Berlin and Beijing became sister cities.

Country name: Berlin, Berlin

State capital: Berlin

National emblem:

The related pictures of this theme are as follows:

Geographical location:

The related pictures of this theme are as follows:

Population: 3.46 million

Area: 889 square kilometers

Introduction:

Berlin is located in the east of Germany, with an area of 889 square kilometers and a population of 3.46 million. It governs 23 districts. Berlin was once a turbulent world city in history. In the decades after World War II, Berlin was a symbol of the division of Germany and the center of the "Cold War" between East and West. Since the reunification of Germany on 199013 October, Berlin has become a state, a unified city and the largest city in the Federal Republic of Germany. 1991On June 20th, the German Federal Parliament passed a resolution to move the capital. After 2000, the Federal Parliament and relevant federal government agencies moved from Bonn to Berlin, and Berlin became the capital of Germany again.

World Metropolis-Berlin

(A) a world metropolis with a long history and turbulence

Berlin is an extraordinary city with special charm in the world. Berlin is one of the famous ancient capitals in Europe, and its origin can be traced back to the end of 12. At that time, the Ascani subfamily, headed by Teutonic Albert, was called the "Great Bear" and drove away the Slavs. Occupy this land. This is also the symbol of Berlin and the origin of bears. Ascani was the first protector of Berlin. From 65438 to 0237, Berlin on the east coast of spree river merged with the fishermen's settlement on the west coast. Since then, economy and trade have become active, and Berlin has gradually become a gathering place for businessmen, technicians and artists. This merger is regarded as the birth of Berlin. /kloc-In the 4th century, Berlin became a member of the Hanseatic League. 1470, the Marquis of Brandenburg made Berlin his official residence. 170 1 year, the king of Prussia moved here and began to build palaces, gardens and avenues. 187 1 18 10/8, Bismarck unified Germany, Berlin became the capital of Germany, and developed into the political, economic and cultural center of Germany, which was called "Athens on Spree". Historically, Berlin is a European cultural metropolis. /kloc-In the 7th century, it accepted persecuted Protestants from France and Bohemia. Become a tolerant city open to the world, an enlightened place in art and science. At the same time, it is also a turbulent city. It used to be the intersection of autocracy and democratic rule, and it was the dual center of terror and counter-terrorism. In the decades after the end of World War II, it became a symbol of Germany's division and the center of the "cold war" between the western victors and the Soviet Union. A Berlin Wall has caused the people of East and West Germany to suffer for 40 years. With the unification of Germany on 19891October 9, 165438+ and 19901October 3, Berlin became a state of the German Federation, and once again, as the capital of the unified Germany.

The capital of Germany, the economic and cultural center of Europe.

Berlin, the capital of Germany after reunification, covers an area of 889 square kilometers and has a population of 34 1 000. It is the largest city in Germany. Today's Berliners are not real Berlin natives. Berliners are mainly immigrants in history. They come from France, Bohemia and Poland, and now more from Eastern Europe. They are a mixture of international races. At present, foreigners in Berlin are mainly Turks, Yugoslavs and Vietnamese. Berlin is one of the largest industrial centers in Europe. Its main industries include machinery manufacturing, food processing, pharmacy, textile and electrical industry. There are two world-class enterprises here: Siemens and General Electric. Berlin is a city with prosperous business. It is the most prosperous commercial street in Berlin, located near Kusfeldden Street and Zoo Station in West Berlin. There are more than 1000 shops in the middle, and all kinds of goods are dazzling, so it is an ideal shopping place for people. There are three institutions of higher learning in Berlin, the most famous of which is Humboldt University, which is located in the east of the city. It is named after william von humboldt, a scholar and politician, and his younger brother alexander von humboldt, a naturalist who travels around the world. Followed by 1948, the Free University and Polytechnic University were built in the west of the city. In addition, there are many research institutions engaged in important scientific research in Berlin, such as Hahn-Maitenar Institute engaged in nuclear physics and reactor physics, Heinrich-Hertz Institute of Communication Technology, etc. Although Berlin has experienced numerous historical changes, it is still the cultural center of Europe. As a famous cultural city, Berlin has a cultural festival almost every month throughout the year. Every year, there are drama conferences in May, cultural festivals in summer, art festivals in September and June, 65438+ 10, Berlin Jazz Festival in June, 165438+ 10, and many cultural festivals make Berlin's literary and artistic stage colorful. There are also three major opera houses in Berlin. They are the German Theatre, the German National Theatre under the Bodhi Tree and the Funny Opera House. In addition, there are dozens of theaters and several large symphony orchestras, which perform nonstop throughout the year. It shows people the Dublin of European music. Nowadays, watching cultural performances has become an important part of modern Berliners' life. Berlin is also a famous World Expo city. When you go to Berlin, you must visit the museum. There are many kinds of museums in Berlin. For example, the German Ethnology Museum shows people the national cultural activities of Germany-speaking Europe from the17th century to the present, and the Prehistoric and Ancient History Museum shows the prehistoric and early cultural treasures of Europe and Asia Minor, paleolithic and Mesolithic cultures, etc. The Museum of Ancient Cultural Relics displays works of art from ancient Greece and Rome, vases and oil paintings from Athens and Italy, and ancient gold ornaments. In addition, there are Egyptian Museum, Indian Art Museum, Ethnology Museum, East Asian Art Museum, Postal Museum, Musical Instrument Museum, National Art Museum and Berlin Crime Science Museum, which can only be visited by people over 16. These museums create an immersive atmosphere in various fascinating ways. Berliners like to go to museums. They visit museums as often as they go to the cinema, which has become an important way for Berliners to absorb knowledge and enrich their amateur cultural life. As tourists, museums in Berlin are also a must-see.

(3) Scenic spots

Berlin is a garden-like tourist city with beautiful scenery. There are streams and trees everywhere, and the area of lakes and woodlands accounts for 1/3 of Berlin. The whole city is surrounded by forests and grasslands. Looking down at the whole city from high altitude, it looks like a big green island. The larger forests in Berlin are Gruna Forest, Dupal Pine Forest, Spandau Forest and Tegel Forest, most of which are distributed in the west of Berlin. In Berlin, you can fish and swim anywhere. There are 25 outdoor swimming pools in the city. Only by visiting these forests and lakes and getting in touch with the natural beauty of nature can tourists deeply understand the traditional romantic and unique life of Berliners. As the ancient cultural capital of Europe, Berlin is a place that tourists yearn for. There are many places of interest in Berlin. The Empire State Building, Egyptian Museum, Charlotte Palace, Olympic Stadium, Berlin Zoo, Brandenburg Gate and Lake Wan Hu are all famous tourist attractions. Among them, the Brandenburg Gate with a two-wheeled carriage has now become a symbol of the fall of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of Germany. In addition, Humboldt University, New Wache, armory, cathedral and TV tower are also places where tourists stop. The famous Nikolai Church, built in 1320, is the oldest church in Berlin and an ideal starting point for city roaming. As a modern city and a tourist city, the bus traffic in Berlin is very developed. There are 9 subway lines and 155 bus lines in the urban area, and a bus leaves in less than 2 minutes on average. There is little crowding in the car. The trinity of bus, subway and tram is connected with each other, fast and punctual, and taxis are on call, which makes the traffic in this city very convenient. The cost of public transportation in Berlin is also relatively cheap, and the subway and electric car share a ticket, which is also very common in the city. Tickets are divided into ordinary tickets, one-day tickets, two-day tickets, three-day tickets, weekly tickets and monthly tickets. The average fare per kilometer is DM 0.28, of which 6 1% is subsidized by the state, and individuals pay less than half of the fare. Berlin's public transportation is very developed, ranking third in Europe after London and Paris. As a tourist city, Berlin receives millions of domestic and foreign tourists every year.

Meet the challenge and enter the new century

With their vitality, creativity and high speed, Berliners have made this ancient city one of the most dynamic cities in the world. Berliners have a strong sense of self, and they are proud to be Berliners. Berliners have a special liking for curry sausages in stalls, from the mayor to the common people. American President Bush also came here, accompanied by the then mayor and later German President weizsacker, and feasted his eyes on Kurt's snack bar. Berlin is also a famous city. Among several mayors in Berlin, in just a few decades after the war, there appeared three famous figures whose influence far exceeded the city boundaries and participated in shaping Germany's post-war history. They are Ernst Reuters, Willy Brandt and Richard von weizsacker. Like many famous western cities, Berlin is also a city that never sleeps, and the nightlife of Berliners is very active and rich. At night, the streets are brightly lit and hotels and cafes are packed. But there are several places that people are unwilling or afraid to set foot in. First of all, Alexander Square and Prentzlauberg, the former center of East Berlin, are places where neo-Nazis and xenophobic forces are active. At night, there are few pedestrians here, and it is very deserted. Not only foreigners but also Germans seldom go there. Second, krenz-Berg in West Berlin is called the "autonomous" area, where well-dressed people are regarded as "enemies" and will be attacked. This shows that Berlin, as a world metropolis, its unstable factors are also obvious. The unification of Germany not only brought remarkable prosperity to this ancient city, but also made it face great challenges. Economic difficulties, a large number of unemployed people, the influx of refugees, the housing shortage caused by the rapid population expansion, and the wave of xenophobia caused by neo-Nazi forces are all difficult problems that need to be solved urgently before the new unified Berlin government. In order to narrow the economic gap between the east and the west, the government should strive to improve the living conditions of residents in the east. At present, hundreds of thousands of houses in eastern Berlin are being renovated. By the year 2000, the German Federal Parliament and relevant federal agencies will move to Berlin, and Berlin will regain its historical position as the German capital. Therefore, the planning and construction of the future government area at the corner of spree river is also in full swing. Due to the reunification of Germany, a large area of land next to Potsdam Square has been relaxed for a long time and has become a hot spot for investment. In a word, Berlin is welcoming the new century with a brand-new look.

1April 1994, Berlin and Beijing became sister cities.