How did Lingnan area come into being?

"Lingnan area" in a modern narrow sense;

1. "Lingnan area" in a narrow sense:

Today's "Lingnan area" is not a real Lingnan area, or it is not a historical Lingnan area. Today's "Lingnan area" can only be regarded as a narrow Lingnan area, especially the area south of Wuling in southern China. The so-called "Five Ridges" are the five mountains of Yuechengling, Dupangling, Zhu Meng, Qitianling and Dayu.

Therefore, today's "Lingnan area", that is, Lingnan area in a narrow sense, is generally distributed in the eastern part of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, to the eastern part of Guangdong Province, and at the junction and boundary between these areas and Hunan Province and Jiangxi Province. From today's perspective, the "Lingnan area" across Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces is not small, and it can even be said to be extremely vast, and it is not a "narrow Lingnan area" at all.

2. Modern Lingnan area in a narrow sense:

Therefore, many modern people, as well as many Cantonese people, think that the "Lingnan area" is not that big, and the "Lingnan area" is smaller, which is the real "Lingnan area". That is, "Lingnan area" is only a small part of the northern part of Guangdong Province to the northern wing of the Pearl River Delta region. If so, the "Lingnan area" will shrink again. Is the poor "Lingnan area" really only a little bigger?

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2. The origin of "Ling" in "Lingnan area":

1. An important pass in the period of "Lingnan Three Counties" in Qin Dynasty;

We all know the views of modern people, and most people think that "Lingnan area" is "the area south of Wuling". In fact, "Lingnan area" really originated from "Five Ridges", namely Yuechengling, Dupangling, Zhu Meng, Qitianling and Dayuling. Historical Records. "Biography of South Vietnam" records: "If you die, you will only move to Hengpu, Yangshan and Huangxi, and the soldiers will be stolen. You must defend yourself quickly!" At that time, Hengpuguan, Yangshan Pass and Huangxiguan were all within the Five Ridges. Hengpu Pass, Yangshan Pass and Huangxiguan Pass are the earliest passes in the period of "Three Lingnan Counties" in Qin Dynasty, and they are also the most important passes in the period of "Three Lingnan Counties" in Qin Dynasty.

2. "Hengpuguan", "Yangshan Pass" and "Huangxiguan" are the origins of "Ling" in "Lingnan Area";

It can be seen that "Hengpuguan", "Yangshan Pass" and "Huangxiguan" at the end of Qin Dynasty were all marginal areas of "Lingnan Three Counties". And "Hengpuguan" is generally considered to be at the junction of Guangdong Province and Jiangxi Province today; "Yangshan Pass" is generally considered to be in the north of Yangshan County, Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province. "Huangxiguan" is generally considered to be on the ancient Huangshui Post Road at the junction of Hunan and Guangdong. Therefore, Hengpu Pass, Yangshan Pass and Huangxiguan Pass can be considered as the origin of the "Ridge" in Lingnan area. But this does not mean that "Lingnan area" is just "the area south of Wuling".

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3. Baiyue tribe in China and Baiyue region in China:

1. Baiyue Tribe in China:

When we talk about the ancient Lingnan area in China, Zouxing area in Lingnan area and the origin of Lingnan area, we should first talk about the "Baiyue tribe" and "Baiyue area" in ancient China. In fact, the so-called "Baiyue" is not a "Baiyue tribe" but a "Baiyue tribe". In other words, "Baiyue" is a general term, not a single name, but a general term for the tribes along the southern coast of China in the pre-Qin period, which is called "Baiyue". Therefore, if Baiyue tribe must be called a big ethnic group, it can be called Guyue tribe, Guyue tribe and Yueguo tribe.

Baiyue Tribe has many tribes in China, including Yangyue, wuyue, Fujian, Dongou, Nanyue, Xiou, Luoyue and Dianyue. As for the big clans of Baiyue in China, there are mainly Dongyue (mainly Yangyue, wuyue, Minyue and Dongou), Nanyue (mainly Nanyue, Western Europe and Luoyue) and Xiyue (mainly Dianyue).

2. Baiyue District of China:

"Geography of Hanshu" records: "From crossing toes to meeting seven or eight thousand miles, there are more than a hundred differences, each with its own caste." This is a clear record of the distribution of Baiyue area in China in history books, including southern Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hong Kong, Macao, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Vietnam and parts of Hunan, Jiangxi and Anhui provinces. This is the distribution of Baiyue tribe in China, and it is also the distribution area of Baiyue region in China.

3. The "Lingnan Three Counties", the predecessor of Nanyue State, is the "embryonic form" of Lingnan area;

1. Three Counties of Lingnan:

In 2 19 BC, Qin Shihuang, with Tu Youyou as the commander in chief, sent 500,000 troops and launched the first campaign to conquer the south. In 2 14 BC, Qin Shihuang launched the second campaign of conquering the south with Ren Tao as commander in chief and Zhao Tuo as lieutenant. This time, Nanyue tribe, Xiyue tribe (Western Europe tribe) and Luoyue tribe in Baiyue tribe were quickly conquered by Qin Jun. Qin Shihuang set up Nanhai County, Guilin County and Xiang County in these areas, which was called "Lingnan Three Counties" in Qin and Han Dynasties.

2. The "embryonic form" of Lingnan area:

"Historical Records Biography of South Vietnam" records: "Qin world cooperate is slightly located in YueYang, Guilin, Nanhai and Xiang Jun." In history, Nanyue State in the early Western Han Dynasty was called "Lingnan Region", and at the same time "Lingnan Region" was also called Nanyue State. Accordingly, the name "Lingnan area" was officially used publicly during the Nanyue State in the Western Han Dynasty. Therefore, in the Qin Dynasty, after the victory of Qin Shihuang's southern expedition, Nanhai County, Guilin County and Xiang Jun were actually the initial forms and "prototypes" of Lingnan area.

Historical Records. "The Biography of South Vietnam" records: "Moreover, Panyu took the mountain risks and blocked the South China Sea, with China people as the auxiliary. This is also the master of a country and can establish a country. " The idea of establishing "Nanyue State" actually came not from Zhao Tuo, the first king of Nanyue State, but from Ren Tao, the first county magistrate of Nanhai County. Ren Tao thinks that Nanhai County, Guilin County and Xiang Jun, the "Lingnan Three Counties", are good places to establish a country, that is, to establish a "Nanyue State", with natural hazards in the South China Sea in the north and natural hazards in the south.

Historical Records. "The Biography of South Vietnam" records: "Qin was shattered, Guilin was immediately attacked, and he became the king of South Vietnam." After the official demise of the Qin Dynasty, Zhao Tuo immediately occupied and annexed Guilin County and Xiang Jun County. Zhao Tuo unified Nanhai County, Guilin County and Xiang Jun County, and established Nanyue Kingdom, known as the King of Nanyue. Since Zhao Tuo officially established Nanyue State, it was considered by then and later generations as a local regime in Lingnan area of China, and the name "Lingnan area" became popular. It can be seen that the "Lingnan Three Counties", the predecessor of Nanyue State, is the "embryonic form" of Lingnan area, and Nanhai County, Guilin County and Xiang Jun County finally formed a formal Lingnan area.

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4. The "Lingnan Three Counties", the predecessor of Nanyue State, is also the "embryonic form" of Lingnan culture;

1. What are the embryonic forms of Lingnan culture?

The formal establishment of Nanyue State is also the formal formation of Lingnan area. With the formal formation of "Lingnan region", it is also the initial formation of "Lingnan culture". The predecessor of South Vietnam, "Lingnan Three Counties", is the Zou shape of "Lingnan Area", so what is the "embryonic form" of Lingnan culture and what are its cultural elements? In fact, the "embryonic form" of Lingnan culture existed long before the initial formation of Lingnan culture, and it also went through a certain gestation period.

2. In the second expedition, Qin Jun dug a lingqu in Guangxi:

In fact, the first Qin southern expedition ended in failure. Head coach Tu Youyou was killed and hundreds of thousands of soldiers were killed or injured. However, Ren Tao, the main commander and deputy commander of Qin Jun's second expedition to the south, was clever and flexible. Otherwise, Ren Tao will not contain the "Lingnan Three Counties", and Zhao Tuo will not unify the "Lingnan Three Counties" to establish the Nanyue State. At the beginning of the second expedition, Ren Xiao and Zhao Tuo launched a large number of civilian workers in the Qin Dynasty, and dug a Lingqu in the north of Xiyue tribe (Xi 'ou tribe). Today, the Ocean River to the east of Xing 'an in Guilin (the source of Xiangjiang River flows from south to north) is connected with Darong River to the west of Xing 'an (the source of Lijiang River flows from north to south), thus ensuring the provision of food and logistics in Qin Jun. The excavation of Lingqu is the "embryonic form" of Lingnan culture and the spread and application of Central Plains culture, civilization and technology to Lingnan area.

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3. Migrating from the Central Plains to Baiyue, which is mixed with Baiyue:

Historical Records Biography of South Vietnam records: "The immigrants from Guilin, Nanhai and Xiang Jun and the land of Vietnam were collected for thirteen years." After Qin Shihuang pacified Nanyue Tribe, Xiyue Tribe (Xi 'ou Tribe) and Luoyue Tribe in Baiyue area, Nanhai County, Guilin County and Xiang Jun County were established for management. Ren Tao, the former governor of Baiyue Qin Jun, was appointed as the governor of Nanhai County to contain Guilin County and Xiang Jun County. Ren Xiao, former deputy commander of Baiyue Qin Army, was appointed as the county magistrate of Longchuan County, Nanhai County. At the same time, Qin Shihuang moved a large number of criminals, prisoners, widows, women and other Central Plains people from the Central Plains to the "Lingnan Three Counties", where they intermarried with local Baiyue tribes and Qin Jun soldiers stationed there. After 13 years' marching orders, the people of the Central Plains lived and assimilated with the Chibaiyue tribe, and achieved remarkable results, which is also the "embryonic form" of Lingnan culture.

4. The Qin Dynasty established Nanhai County, Guilin County and Xiang County, and sent officials to administer them, which was the biggest "embryonic form" of Lingnan culture;

Although Lingnan culture is a kind of local culture and regional culture, it has a long history, diverse integration and rich colors. Among them, the southward migration of Central Plains culture and the organic integration of Central Plains culture and primitive Baiyue culture are the remarkable characteristics of Lingnan culture. The history of Lingnan civilization began with the unification of Baiyue area by Qin Dynasty, and immigrants from the Central Plains moved into Baiyue area on a large scale. Qin Shihuang established Nanhai County, Guilin County and Xiang Jun County, and sent officials from the Qin Dynasty to conduct effective governance, which was the biggest "embryonic form" of Lingnan culture.

Zhao Tuo founded Nanyue State, which is not only the formal formation of "China Lingnan Area", but also the initial formation of "China Lingnan Culture". It can be said that it was Zhao Tuo who founded Nanyue State, which greatly promoted the development of Lingnan area in China. As the first king of South Vietnam, the vassal state of the Western Han Dynasty, Zhao Tuo, the military king of South Vietnam, was also praised by later generations as "the first cadre in the South" and "the first person to develop Lingnan"!