Several important stages of the formation of the Chinese nation

The gradual formation of the Chinese nation

Primitive tribes in China later moved eastward and gradually spread all over the Loess Plateau and the western half of North China Plain, where they created a developed pre-Yangshao culture. Because there are many animals and few people at this time, the primitive Han people lived in nests to avoid them, picking oak chestnuts during the day and perching in trees at dusk. At this time, the leader is called Youchao. Later, the primitive Han people invented drilling wells to make fire, and the leader at this time was called Suiren. During this period, both Turks and Mongols (called Rongdi) surrendered to the original Han nationality and retreated to the north automatically. The Turks retreated to the northern part of the Loess Plateau and began to migrate to the Mongolian Plateau, while the Mongols retreated to Beijing and began to migrate to the Daxinganling forest region. The Turks and Mongols who did not retreat merged with the original Han nationality and spoke Chinese with Altai characteristics.

At this time, the primitive Dongyi, a mixture of Tunguska and Baiyue, was powerful, blocking the way for primitive Han people to continue eastward. Hua Xushi, the leader of Dongyi, lived in Qufu today. After years of struggle and cultural blending, the descendants of Hua Xushi are gradually confused with the primitive Han people in the Central Plains. A descendant of Hua Xushi later moved to Tianshui (now Qin 'an County), Gansu, the hometown of Han people, married a local Han man and gave birth to Tai Hao. Later, because the matriarchal society didn't know where his father was, Taeho K led his people to his matriarchal hometown. When I arrived at Wanqiu (now Huaiyang County, Henan Province), I found it suitable for living, so I built my capital here. In Wanqiu Taihao, he founded gossip and net catching. Because of his special background, he was respected as the leader of the same clan by the primitive Han nationality in the west of North China Plain and Dongyi in the east of North China Plain. Tai Hao married Nu Wa, the clan leader of Xihua County, and started monogamy, with no intermarriage between close relatives, and abandoned the original group marriage system. Tai Hao culture is the fusion of Yangshao culture and Haidai culture, so Tai Hao is publicly publicized as the human ancestor unanimously recognized by all residents in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River basin. In the era of Tai Hao, due to the development of artificial breeding of poultry and livestock, it replaced the previous fishing and hunting production, and the leader Tai Hao was also called Fuxi (Fu).

After the Fuxi family, in the 30th century BC, the primitive Han people entered the stage of agricultural cultivation as the main economic production, and the leader was called Shennong. Shennong took Wanqiu as the capital, tasted all kinds of herbs and invented Chinese medicine. In order to explore the production and living space, Shennong gradually developed to the northeast and clashed with the axe family of Dongyi tribe living in the southwest of Shandong Province. Shennong was defeated and merged. Subsequently, Shennong tribe moved from Huaiyang, Henan Province to Qufu, Shandong Province. Nearby tribes automatically unite to form a tribal alliance. This battle was the first combat operation recorded in ancient documents of China. Shennong culture is also the fusion of primitive Han Chinese and Dongyi culture.

At the end of Shennong, a powerful Chinese tribe named Shaodian (with Xiongshi) appeared in Xinzheng, Henan Province, and later moved westward to Tianshui, Gansu Province due to the flood of the Yellow River. At the same time, there are primitive Chinese tribes living from Luoyang to Huashan today. F: There are primitive tribes in China, including Niu, in the tributary of Weishui River south of Qishan today. Do they have anything to do with you? F's marriage propagated to Yan Di tribe.

Is there a bear marriage? The F family was born in Jishui (Tianshui). When the Yellow Emperor grew up, like his predecessor Fuxi, he was attracted by the fertile Central Plains, left his hometown, developed eastward, and arrived in today's huangling county. After that, it went south along Luoshui, crossed the Yellow River in Chaoyi, Dali County, and went north along Zhongtiao Mountain and the western foot of Taihang Mountain. Finally, he walked out of the mountains along the Sanggan River and settled in Zhuolu and Huailai Plain in northern Hebei Province. Yan Di Sun led his workers, moved eastward along the Weihe River in April, arrived in today's Shandong along the south bank of the Yellow River, and moved from Shandong to Hebei to meet the Huangdi tribe. In the Hanquan area in the lower reaches of Fenhe River, two related tribes fought fiercely for hegemony. Emperor Yan was defeated and surrendered to the Yellow Emperor. Based on these two tribes, many ancient Huaxia tribes in the west of North China Plain, the south of Fenhe Plain and the east of Weihe Plain gradually merged into Huaxia nationality.

At this time, Chiyou, the leader of Dongyi, who originally lived in Shandong, went west, and Kuafu, the leader of Sanmiao, who originally lived in Huainan, also went north to the Central Plains. Dongyi formed an alliance with Sanmiao, taking Chiyou as the leader, together with Huaxia. In 2700 BC, Huangdi, the leader of Huaxia nationality, defeated Chiyou and killed Kuafu in Zhuolu County, Hebei Province. Chiyou's men snatched Chiyou's body and secretly buried it in the western water slope of Puyang, which was called "Diqiu" in history. The remnants of the allied forces retreated to Jizhou, pursued by the Yellow Emperor, and Dongyi and Sanmiao (Jiulijia) fled across the river in haste. Sanmiao retreated to the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the south, Dongyi retreated to Taishan in the east, and the Huaxia nationality occupied most of Henan, making Xinzheng its capital. After the communication with Dongyi culture, Chinese characters suitable for China characteristics formally appeared.

The Yellow Emperor has 25 sons, and they have 12 surnames depending on their birth mothers: Ji, Qi, Ji (Ji), Teng, Ren (Huai), Gou, Nuo,? , you, clothes, but only Ji, Qi, Ren, Ji,? The descendants of have a country. Today, there are still many small countries named Ji in the southern part of Shanxi and the border areas of Shanxi, Henan and Shaanxi. Among them, Yu, Guo, Huo and Zhou were sealed, while Jiao, Slip, Yang, Wei, Rui, Xun, Jia, Fox and Geng were still governors of Xia Shang State. Yao, who has a surname in Qi, includes Tang, Du and Fang. His surname is Su, Wen, Gu, Kunwu and other countries; ? Surnames are Southern Yan, Chao and Mi Shu; Ren's ancestral home is in the west and China, and there are many countries such as Xue, Zhu, Zhi and Qiu. Most of these small countries except Ji's surname, except a few in Shandong and southern Henan, are in the border area of Shaanxi, Henan and Shaanxi and the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain. The Miao people of the Yellow Emperor still lived in the area between Shanxi and Shaanxi during the Spring and Autumn Period (the royal family was originally from China, but was assimilated by the Altai people because they became the leaders). At the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain, there is a Bai Di named Qi, which is in the middle of Hebei Province today.