On the Sino-Russian Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu

The Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu is the first border treaty signed between the Qing Empire and Russia, and the first formal treaty signed between China and other countries. 1689 On August 27th, after the military conflict between the two countries in jaxa, the border treaty signed by General Feyodoro, the Russian plenipotentiary, and the plenipotentiary of the Qing Dynasty in Nebuchadnezzar (now Nebuchadnezzar, Russia) was as follows:

From the grbic River, a tributary of Heilongjiang, to the outer Xing 'an Mountains until the sea, Lingnan belongs to China, and Lingbei belongs to Russia;

It has the Ergon River to the west, China to the west and Russia to the east.

Jaxa belonged to China, the city of Jacques was demolished and the Russians moved back to Russia;

Hunters from both countries are not allowed to cross the border without authorization, otherwise they will be arrested and convicted. 15 people collectively cross the border;

If the two countries have tourist tickets (passports), border trade is allowed;

The two countries do not accept fugitives from each other.

Another one:

This Treaty is in Chinese, Russian and Latin versions, and the Chinese, Russian and Latin versions shall prevail. The inscription is carved in Manchu, Chinese, Russian, Mongolian and Latin. According to this treaty, Russia lost the Sea of Okhotsk, but established trade relations with the Daiyu Empire. This treaty divides Russia and China by Xing 'an Mountains and Ergon River, but it does not determine the ownership of the area between Xing 'an Mountains and Wudi River.

1693, Russia sent envoys to Beijing to ask for trade. Emperor Kangxi was very happy because his special envoy visited nine times. He authorized Russia to build a "Russian Pavilion" in Beijing, and he could send a caravan of 200 people to stay in Beijing for 80 days every three years. No country can enjoy such treatment.

The Aihui Treaty of 1858 and the Beijing Treaty of 1860 replaced this treaty and established the modern border between Russia and China.

Original text of the treaty:

Sino-Russian Nebuchadnezzar Chu Treaty (1689.9.7)

The Great Emperor of China sent an imperial envoy to the boundary minister to lead the minister in charge of the bodyguard's motion. The first-class minister in charge of the minister was Uncle Tongguo Gang, in charge of Tan Lang, in charge of Banda Mountain, and general Sabusu guarding Heilongjiang and other places, and the town garrison commander Mara and Yuan's assistant minister Wenda; The Russian state rules Russia, Russia, Belarus and the territories in the east, west and north. God bless two monarchs, John alexeyevich and Peter alexeyevich, the imperial envoy of the Governor of Bryansk, Feyodo Ostafie Urasov, and Archbishop Sherman KelNitica. On July 24th, 2008, the envoys of the two countries met near Nebuchadnezzar to prevent hunters from crossing the border.

1. The border between the two countries is the Chur River, which flows into Heilongjiang, that is, the grbic River near the Ulumu River as the Tatars say. The grbic River, which originates from Shixing Mountains and runs directly to the sea, is also the dividing line between the two countries. Land in Lingnan area and rivers flowing into Heilongjiang should be under the jurisdiction of China. The land and rivers in the north of the ridge should be under the jurisdiction of Russia. However, how to divide the river land between Xing 'an Mountains and Wudi River is still inconclusive. This matter can only be decided by sending envoys or using official documents after the envoys of the two countries return to their respective countries to learn more about it. The Ergon River, which also flows into Heilongjiang, is also the dividing line between the two countries: the south of the river belongs to China, and the north of the river belongs to Russia. All the houses in the Heilileke estuary on the south bank of Ergon River should be moved to the north bank.

Second, the Russian city barrier built by jaxa should be destroyed immediately. Russian citizens living here should move to Russia with all their things.

No matter what happens, Orion and others in both countries are not allowed to cross the established border. If one or two lowly people cross the border without authorization, either for hunting or stealing, they will be immediately sent to the legal officers of various countries to investigate and deal with the case immediately. If more than a dozen people meet across the border, or hunt with guns, or kill and rob, they must report to the emperors of the two countries and be sentenced to death according to their crimes. We can neither prepare for war because a few people break the ban, nor shed blood because of doing so.

3. Never forget this matter before everything is stipulated in this agreement. Since the day when the two countries reconciled forever, there have been fugitives who have not been accepted and should be repatriated by the armed forces.

Fourth, Russians in China or China in Russia now sound as old-fashioned.

Since the signing of the peace treaty, all passport holders of the two countries are allowed to cross the border and trade with each other.

6. Reconciliation has decided that the two countries will be friendly forever, and all disputes since the border will be abolished forever. If both parties strictly abide by the contract, there will be no dispute.

The ambassadors of the two countries signed and sealed the written contract, and each kept two originals and two copies.

This agreement will be published on stone tablets in Chinese, Russian and Latin, and will be placed as a permanent boundary pillar on the border between the two countries.

July 24th, 28th year of Kangxi.

Note: This is a Latin translation. The official text of the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu is a Latin text, which was read and checked at the meeting, signed and sealed by representatives of both parties, and the text was exchanged, with full legal effect.