Fantasy, how to transform Venus.

Leaving the earth to find a new home in space has always been a dream of mankind. With the increase of the earth's population, the limited natural resources can't meet the needs of human beings. Expanding into outer space will become the only way for us to survive sooner or later.

Generally speaking, we will regard Mars as the first choice to migrate to the planet in our system. This planet with a volume of only Earth 1/7 and poor energy will make our extraterrestrial life a bit crowded and embarrassing.

But if we want more space, why not turn our attention to Venus? Venus is one of the most dangerous planets in the solar system. Venus has an ultra-high temperature and violent atmosphere. Maybe you think it seems whimsical to move to Venus, but transforming Venus into a second earth suitable for survival is actually much simpler than you think.

Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system, and its surface temperature is as high as 460 degrees Celsius, which is enough to melt lead. Such a high temperature is caused by the extreme greenhouse effect produced by Venus' atmosphere. 97% of Venus' atmosphere is carbon dioxide. In addition, Venus's atmospheric density is 93 times that of the Earth. Standing on the surface of Venus is like diving 900 meters under the sea. Stress will crush you instantly, so why should we waste energy in such a horrible place?

First of all, Venus is almost as big as the Earth, with a mass of 8 1% and a gravitational acceleration of 90%. Its basic conditions are so similar to the earth, just like its twin brother. When moving to other planets in the solar system, gravity is a big problem, because staying in a low gravity environment for a long time will cause symptoms such as bone loss and muscle weakness, which will have a negative impact on health. The size and gravity of Venus mean that it is more suitable for human habitation than Mars, and it is the second ideal habitat for human beings in the solar system. After the transformation, Venus may become the new home of billions of human beings and trillions of animals.

Carving the ocean, dense forest and beautiful blue sky on Venus can turn Venus into a globe, and this once violent planet will become the most suitable place to live except the earth. This epic project takes more than ten generations to complete, and it is also full of difficulties and challenges.

Before we begin to transform Venus, we need to cool Venus and lighten its heavy atmosphere. Venus's atmosphere weighs 46.5 trillion tons. How can we shrink this behemoth? There are several options for our reference. A group of artificial satellites can be launched into the synchronous orbit of Venus. These satellites are equipped with huge laser transmitters. By operating the satellite, Venus' atmosphere will be continuously irradiated by laser beams, which will warm the atmosphere and send Venus' atmospheric gas into space. It is estimated that the energy consumed by satellite laser heating Venus' atmosphere will be thousands of times that of all human beings on earth. On the basis of such energy consumption, it will take thousands of years to reduce the atmosphere to a normal level.

Another method is to combine carbon dioxide with different compounds through chemical reactions. We can use elements such as calcium or magnesium on the earth to shoot at Venus through a launch vehicle. These metals will react with carbon dioxide to produce different carbonates, thus fixing carbon dioxide in solid substances, but the total amount of metals consumed will make this idea impractical, and hundreds of billions of tons of materials are needed to reduce carbon dioxide to normal levels.

The last whimsical idea is to build a huge mirror matrix, which is used to block the sunlight to Venus and cool it down. The mirror does not need a complicated structure, but only needs to be fixed with a thin foil plate and a bracket. If so many flat mirrors are built, sunlight will exert light pressure on them, thus pushing Venus and changing its orbit. In order to stabilize the orbit of Venus, our mirror matrix should not be connected in the same posture, but should be divided and placed in different positions of Venus at different angles. By reflecting sunlight from each other, the thrust is balanced and the orbit of Venus is stabilized.

When we build a sunlight mirror for Venus, the environment of Venus will begin to change slowly. In the first few decades, the atmosphere will slowly decline due to cooling, but the density of the atmosphere is still high. After about 60 years, the atmospheric temperature of Venus will drop to -3 1, which is the critical temperature at which carbon dioxide becomes liquid. It began to rain on Venus. This rainstorm will last for 30 years, and the pressure and temperature of the atmosphere will start to drop simultaneously.

Continuous rainfall has turned low-lying areas and craters on Venus into lakes and oceans. The surface temperature dropped to MINUS 56 degrees, and the atmospheric pressure dropped to only 7 times that of the earth. Finally, when the sunlight entering Venus is constantly reflected, the surface temperature of Venus will reach -8 1, and the ocean formed by carbon dioxide will begin to freeze, and the liquid will solidify into ice crystals, completely turning Venus into a frozen planet, leaving only a large area of ice and huge carbon dioxide glaciers on the surface of Venus. The remaining gas in Venus' atmosphere is mainly nitrogen, and the atmospheric pressure has dropped to three times that of the earth. If you don't mind the cold and suffocation, you can walk on the surface of Venus.

But frozen carbon dioxide is still a problem. If we raise the temperature of Venus to the temperature of the earth, the frozen carbon dioxide will melt and fill the atmosphere again. A simple way is to cover these ice cubes with plastic sheets or local rocks from Venus, but the sudden eruption of Venus volcano will melt these ice cubes instantly. Another way is to transport these ice cubes out, launch them into space by rocket, and then collect them on the space station, the back of the moon and Mars.

After removing carbon dioxide, we need to fill Venus with enough water, so as to meet the preconditions of life. We can consider taking water from the ice satellites in the solar system. Europa is a good choice. It has twice as much water as the earth's oceans. But getting ice from Europa and transporting it to Venus is not only time-consuming, expensive and difficult to achieve. Before we develop the technology suitable for traveling in the solar system, we can transport the ice blocks at the poles of the earth to Venus as a stopgap measure.

At the same time, the advance team sent to Europa arrived at Europa, collected and packaged ice cubes, and used Jupiter's gravitational slingshot effect to shoot into the orbit of Venus. The water ice catcher built in the orbit of Venus will receive these distant whispers and serve as a transit point for transporting ice to Venus.

After centuries of unremitting efforts, Venus' carbon dioxide ice cubes will gradually be replaced by water ice, and now Venus gradually has the feeling of the earth. Next, we need to move the shutter of Venus, let the sunlight shine in, let Venus warm up, melt the ice, and provide the necessary water for life reproduction.

The average length of Venus' rotation is 243 Earth days, which is equivalent to two-thirds of the Earth year. Therefore, if the mirror is directly removed, half of Venus will be scorched by intense illumination for a long time. Even if most of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are removed, the surface temperature of Venus is not suitable for living things. Therefore, it is necessary to control this set of mirrors, accurately operate the direction of sunlight, create the same day and night cycle as the earth, and slowly heat up in a gentle way to melt the ice on the surface of Venus.

After solving the problem of water resources on Venus, it is necessary to transform the atmospheric composition of Venus. Venus' current atmosphere is mainly composed of nitrogen, and there is basically no oxygen, so we need to put trillions of cyanobacteria in Venus' ocean, which will be the first residents to settle in Venus. Cyanobacteria can release oxygen through photosynthesis, absorb nitrogen in the atmosphere, and transform nitrogen into bioavailable nutrients. When the oxygen content in the atmosphere of Venus gradually rises to a breathable level, we can land on Venus, happily take off the helmet on the spacesuit and breathe oxygen like on Earth.

The first pioneers who came to Venus could collect cyanobacteria in the ocean, dry them and grind them into powder as fertilizer to strengthen the fertility of Venus soil. After improving the soil, we can plant trees on Venus. Hundreds of years later, billions of trees will be scattered on Venus, forming a big forest covering most of the land of Venus. At this time, Venus will become a green planet.

The next thing is to move all kinds of animals on the earth to Venus and build a complex and active Venus ecosystem. We can even use genetic engineering to design the life forms we need on Venus.

When Venus is singing birds and flowers, our descendants can be bathed in the sunshine of Venus, which is rich in resources and has a vast territory. Although the transformation of Venus may take thousands of years, building an extraterrestrial living space that can accommodate billions of interstellar immigrants is the hope of continuing the sustainable development of mankind.