Some scenes in life always feel deja vu, although they have never happened.

Visual sense (French word déjà vu means "once seen" and Chinese translation means "deja vu") is the feeling that human beings suddenly feel that they have "experienced a certain picture or something in a certain place" in the real environment (relative to dreams). Scenes and things that have never been seen seem to be seen, which is an illusion.

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Psychological interpretation of the feeling of deja vu

Have you ever had the experience of suddenly feeling familiar with the scene in front of you, knowing everything and every detail like the back of your hand, even the next scene, as if you had experienced it? However, this is not the case. According to a recent survey, two-thirds of adults have had this "deja vu" experience at least once. According to the analysis of Peking University psychology professor and doctoral supervisor, deja vu will happen to everyone. However, if this feeling is too frequent and intense, it is a kind of morbid state.

Interaction between perception and memory

"deja vu" is the result of the interaction between the perception system and the memory system in the human brain. In order to understand why there is a feeling of deja vu, scientists have to classify it from perception and memory. Classification process is the basic feature of perception and memory. Perception includes perception of face, perception of object, perception of position and so on. Take these three categories as examples. Because their objects are different, when we arrive at a place, the relationship between orientation and space, the surrounding objects and people may appear at the same time. Our perception of them is completed by three different empty energy circuits in the brain, namely, position perception circuit, object perception circuit and face perception circuit. Similar to perception, there are many kinds of memories.

The memory of knowledge and feelings is called semantic memory: the memory of plots, experiences and events, that is, situational memory, is unconscious memory. Each kind of memory can be divided into many small categories. Because perception and memory are classified, many characteristics of some scenes we have experienced are stored in different memory systems, but we can't realize that when we go to a new scene, some parts of the scene may stimulate some of our memories and mobilize different memory systems in the brain to match them. Once a feature in the scene matches the past experience, there will be a feeling of deja vu. Everyone has a life experience, because there are a lot of things accumulated, and it is normal to have a subjective experience of "deja vu" occasionally. The initial understanding of the subjective experience of deja vu can be traced back to epilepsy in medicine or half a century ago. Normal people will also have this kind of subjective experience. With the accumulation of brain science knowledge, they have gradually reached today's level of understanding.

Emotional instability often happens.

It is not easy to realize deja vu. "deja vu" easily occurs in the state of emotional instability and the experience of the scene. Although everyone will experience "deja vu" subjectively, it does not mean that "deja vu" happens to everyone at the same frequency. Generally speaking, things closely related to emotions are easy to remember. Therefore, if you are in a state of emotional instability, then the probability of "deja vu" is great. In a person's life, menopause and adolescence, people's endocrine will undergo drastic changes, which will make people in a state of emotional instability and memory will become very active. At this time, "deja vu" is more likely to occur. "deja vu" mainly occurs in the experience of the scene, because every perception appears in a specific scene. This kind of scene is often a big background, and it will run to the brain to form unconscious memories without special attention. This unconscious memory sometimes pops up in a specific scene and is mixed with perception. In the phenomenon of "deja vu", most of the transferred memories are unconscious. From childhood, all experiences, whether you want to remember them or not, have traces of these memories in your mind, and they pop up under some very special circumstances. When consciousness is introduced, the feeling of "deja vu" is produced.

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In fact, this is a typical Yu Qian Zhao phenomenon.

Yu Qian Zhao phenomenon, the French original is dé jà vu, and the Chinese translation is "visual sense", which is simply "deja vu". Things or scenes that have not been experienced seem to be deja vu experienced at a certain time and place.

However, the theory to explain this phenomenon in modern science is far from satisfactory. According to the questionnaire survey, two thirds of adults have had at least one "deja vu" experience. And the more imaginative people are, the more likely they are to experience strange feelings; People who travel frequently are more likely to feel deja vu than those who stay at home for a long time; In addition, people with higher education can feel this feeling better than others (perhaps this is because they have experienced unique feelings in Tolstoy or some literary masters). The survey also shows that the incidence of "deja vu" is the highest in youth, and then gradually decreases with age. Especially when people really start to repeat the monotonous life day after day, the incidence decreases. A century ago, when Freud's theory was still the mainstream of leadership psychology research, analysts interpreted "deja vu" as the embodiment of subconscious conflict. But now psychologists have suggested that "deja vu" does not necessarily happen on the basis of deep subconscious conflicts. The average healthy brain will feel this way. Moreover, when people are tired and stressed, it is easy to feel this way. In addition, it may be accompanied by "jamaisvu", that is, when you see familiar things or words, you can't remember anything. Psychologists also point out that the feeling of deja vu may be due to people accepting too much information and not paying attention to its source. Familiarity will come from various channels, some real and some illusory. When you encounter a situation described in the novel that you have forgotten, you may regard it as a memory of your past life. In other words, when you see the real scene of the movie, although you have completely forgotten the movie on the surface, you will still recall thrilling memories in your mind. Psychologists also point out that people sometimes don't need real memories at all, and it is possible to create a familiar feeling inside the brain.

There are several explanations for excluding preconceived so-called scientific views:

1, the human brain is always making up various scenes, mainly subconscious activities. When you encounter a similar scene in reality, it will echo the previously fabricated scene in your memory, and with the psychological strengthening, you will feel deja vu. Because people are sleeping, the brain is still calculating some parameters in reality and getting many results. Deja vu is one of the results of brain operation.

2. Researchers believe that it may be that an impression has been hidden in the dreamer's subconscious for a long time, and then occasionally appears in the dream. Some studies have also pointed out that this phenomenon is related to another subconscious mind that transcends time and space. On the other hand, some brain activity researchers point out that this phenomenon may also be due to the fact that one side of our brain processes information slightly faster than the other.

3. Is this a collision of time tunnels or a memory of a dream? You have seen the scene that will happen in your dream, but you can't remember what happened in your dream, so when it happened, you would feel as if you had experienced it there. In fact, it reminds you of your own memory, the memory of your dreams.

There is another explanation for this in medicine, that is, the phenomenon of instantaneous discharge in cerebral cortex, or false vision, or visual memory, which often happens when you are in a very familiar environment. Our brain has a memory cache. When you see something or encounter something, you first store the memory and then cache it. The reason why what happened in front of us seems to have experienced this feeling is because we made a mistake in memory storage and put it in historical memory. When you look at what happened in front of you, you find it out from the historical memory, and you feel as if it had happened before. This illusion is more likely to occur when the brain is tired.

5. The difference of stream of consciousness between life and death. Death/\ life \ _ _ _/death. This is a moving picture of human consciousness. People are born with consciousness, and this consciousness has been advection until death. After death, consciousness will follow a tortuous route back to birth, and so on. Because of the tortuous route after death, the memory of life is recorded in sections, and only the memory of the contact point can be entangled with the consciousness of the next "life", and deja vu will occur. As for why young people and old people have this phenomenon, it is also easy to explain. The normal ideology of young people is still forming, while the brain of the elderly has a strong memory function. Middle-aged people often ignore this feeling because of the pressure of life, rather than being absent.

6. Physically, this phenomenon is called time reversal, that is, after the speed is greater than the speed of light, time and space are staggered, and the four-dimensional space is occasionally chaotic. When a scene happens, the control nerve (a part of the central nervous system) will be transmitted to the memory nerve at a very fast speed. At this time, the brain's reaction has not yet reached the memory nerve, so when the brain's reaction reaches the memory nerve, it will make people feel what happened before. Some scientists speculate that the transmission speed of control nerve and memory nerve will be greater than the speed of light. This is a great challenge to relativity. Of course, this theory has not been proved, it is only a guessing stage.

7. Although orthodox scientists refuse to talk about the existence of soul or deny this view, there is no room for it, but the involvement of high-energy physics and other marginal physics in this issue is undeniable. The first is to explore the composition of the soul. Some heretical physicists put forward that the essence of the soul is a kind of high-energy particles (there is a lot of speculative evidence in physics, because although human beings can rely on physical laws to predict its existence, human scientific and technological strength is not enough to verify it, including many kinds of high-energy particles, etc. ), it carries huge energy and can break through the barrier of time and space, that is to say, it can move in time and space. This inference is completely in line with Einstein's theory of relativity. Its uniqueness lies in that it can move in disorder in time and space as a carrier of information. All the memories and thoughts in our minds can be called information. Although it is not clear what the nature of information is, it is certain that brain waves have a certain effect on it. This is what we call thinking or conscious activity in the brain. And this kind of particle is usually widely distributed in the space around us, and of course it also exists in our brains. It is precisely because of its characteristics that we can receive external information for thinking, remembering, recalling and forgetting. The so-called forgetting is that some particles with information swim out of the conscious space of our brain. Unfortunately, it is still unclear what causes the attraction and repulsion between particles, which may be related to our brain waves and other brain chemicals. However, when our brain dies, a large number of particles will swim out of the memory area in our brain. Because the principles of attraction and repulsion of such particles are not clear, it is impossible to explain and calculate their free ratios. In the case of low probability, this particle still maintains its original arrangement in the human brain after being free, in other words, it maintains the basic personality and memory of this person (who has died). When they meet a new combination target (another person's brain) and combine, when this person is a newborn (no memory has been formed), personality transfer will occur, which is what we usually call reincarnation or possession. However, there are also unexpected situations, such as being in a latent state after combination until suddenly awakening after a certain period of time, which is what we often call personality mutation. (It also exists when people whose memories have been formed wake up after combination, making them lose their original personality. In fact, we have been bound by this particle. For example, we suddenly had a strange idea, and some words suddenly appeared in our minds ... even dreams and predictions can be explained by this theory. Vision can also be explained in this way.

8. Time and space are out of order. For example, you need a tool, but you can't find it anywhere in the house, but after a while or a while, the tool is clearly in the usual place. From Einstein's point of view, there are many time and space in this world, and each time and space runs according to general laws. They are parallel, generally have no intersection, but have a time sequence. But there are exceptions, when time and space intersect, that is, space-time disorder, which will lead to the disappearance of tools. For example, if a pair of pliers is missing, where is it in the blink of an eye? That is to say, the pliers are temporarily transferred to other time and space, and this time is making you. So do people. If it happens that your time and space intersect with the future time and space, that is to say, you will come back soon after entering the future time and space for a short time. If you use pliers to repair your bike in the future time and space, you will do the same thing when you return to the present time and space, but you have stored it in your memory, so you feel that this scene seems to have been experienced somewhere. This has nothing to do with age and other experiences.

At this point, to be honest, I still don't know much about deja vu. I can only choose one explanation or identify one for my emotional tendency. The temperature of time will change for no reason. We can only helplessly watch the passage of time, but we can't grasp it. This is both the cruelty of life and the happiness of life-we are getting old slowly. If our children and grandchildren can still remember you, this is your only legacy in this time and space. In other words, this is the meaning of ancestor worship.

This feeling is called vision.

At present, the scientific level can't fully explain why.

People's understanding of their brains is really poor.

The following is unknown so's explanation.

Deja vu means feeling deja vu about something you have never experienced before. Every normal person has experienced the sense of sight more or less once: at a certain moment, his environment, his words and deeds, and the words and deeds of others seem to be exactly the same as what he experienced, and he can even "predict" what someone will say or do next moment. However, this feeling will not last long. After a while or the next moment, the scene in front of you will be very different from what you remember, and then everything will return to normal. According to my personal careful experience, even if I have experienced a sense of sight many times, the time to maintain this feeling is different every time, from a moment to a few seconds.

There are many theories about vision, such as past life memory, second reflex, one brain activity before another, and time and space crisscross ... among them, there are many scientific theories and heresies. But in any case, there is still no conclusion about this wonderful feeling.

Interpretation of dreams explains that people sometimes have nightmares and think that there are two mechanisms at work when people dream. In short, the first mechanism is the realization of wishes, and the second mechanism is to prevent the realization of wishes, but to "modify" dreams and show them in a distorted or opposite form, thus creating nightmares.

First of all, the dualism of consciousness

The world exists because of human consciousness, and human consciousness creates the world. However, there are two possibilities: first, for me, everything except my consciousness, including my body, you readers and the whole universe, is created by my consciousness. If my consciousness disappears, the world will disappear with it; Second, everyone's consciousness exists objectively, and everyone's consciousness has created their own world, but these worlds overlap and become our world. Generally speaking, do you dream alone or together? I haven't considered this issue clearly, but it won't fundamentally affect my idea of consciousness dualism, so we don't have to stick to this issue.

For the sake of understanding, I divide human consciousness into two parts. (I don't reject the division method of other theories. All the consciousness involved in other theories may belong to the first consciousness I divided. )

1, cognitive consciousness. The consciousness of reading and understanding this article is also the consciousness we use to know the world and think about problems. In other words, cognitive consciousness is the consciousness that we can realize, for example, everyone can realize that they are thinking-this kind of consciousness is cognitive consciousness.

2. Creative consciousness. Since we have created the consciousness of the world, this consciousness can't be detected by us, let alone influenced by us.

The following explains the principle that consciousness creates the world and gradually understands the world:

We call the present moment "moment A". At moment A, our conscious activities are going on, perhaps receiving external information through various senses, or thinking. We call the next moment of time a moment b, because a period of time consists of countless moments, and there are two moments before and after a moment, so the difference between time a and time b is one moment. By analogy, the next moment of time b is called time c, and examples A, B and C will be used as time markers to describe the following principles.

At present, that is, now, our cognitive consciousness has reached moment A, and at the same time our creative consciousness has reached moment B. The instantaneous world between moments AB was created by the creative consciousness at the last moment. The moment when cognitive consciousness reaches time b from time a is the process of understanding the world at this moment. At this moment, the creative consciousness does not stop, but creates the next instantaneous world, and then reaches time C. Generally speaking, after a moment, the cognitive consciousness arrives at time B from time A and the creative consciousness arrives at time C. This process will always be maintained, that is, the creative consciousness always creates the instantaneous world before the cognitive consciousness, and creates the next instantaneous world while being recognized by the cognitive consciousness.

Now, for example. I read a book and saw a word in it. The word I saw the next moment has been created by the creative consciousness. When I see this newly created text, the creative consciousness is constantly creating the text I will see next time. No matter how fast I read, the creative consciousness can always create the words I want to see the next moment. So on the surface, the words in the book are objective. When I read a book, I read existing words. However, in fact, these words were inadvertently created by my creative consciousness.

Although the world created by creative consciousness is recognized by cognitive consciousness, some memories will be forgotten over time and other reasons. As for whether this forgetting is permanent or not, whether there is some means (such as hypnosis) to awaken memory will be expounded in the last section of this article.

It is worth emphasizing that the moment when the creative consciousness is ahead is very small, which only indicates a relationship of creating first and then understanding, and cannot be expressed by a specific length of time. Therefore, in this sense, cognitive consciousness and creative consciousness are synchronous.

So far, we can simply describe this dual mode of consciousness as follows: human consciousness can be divided into cognition and creation. Creation always creates an instant world before cognition, and creates the next instant world while being recognized by cognition. The duality of creation and cognition keeps advancing and keeping pace.

Second, the application-the interpretation of vision

According to the model introduced in the first section, our understanding of the world is completed by cognitive consciousness, which consists of three elements. Before getting down to business, let me introduce these three elements:

1, experience. As the name implies, it is the state that consciousness is experiencing new things. For example, listening to and understanding other people's conversations, watching movies, enjoying music and so on.

2. Memories. While experiencing, we will unconsciously retrieve our memories and recall past experiences.

3. Contrast. While recalling, we will compare the ongoing experience with the past experience in memory.

These three elements are carried out simultaneously. In general, we experience new things, but we can't find highly similar experiences in the process of remembering. The result of comparison is "no deja vu experience" and no sense of sight.

Now, let's cut to the chase-how did vision come into being? Reversing the above normal cognitive process, we can easily find the necessary and sufficient conditions for visual production:

Have vision

The result of comparison is "deja vu"

= > highly similar experiences were found in the process of memory.

Because experience and memory do not affect each other, the only factor that produces a sense of sight emerges, which is the element of memory.

The whole division is to analyze problems, which is why I divided consciousness into two in the first section, so the duality of cognition and creation cannot be separated. If certain conditions are met, the three elements of cognitive consciousness will change, so that the two will have a closer connection, which I call blending. There are many ways to change the three elements, one of which is the change of visual sense, which is called class A blending.

In the mixed state of Class A, only the elements of memory change, and the range of memory is expanded to the minimum. Cognitive consciousness is still responsible for recalling in the memory of cognitive consciousness, while creative consciousness can be recalled in the newly created world-that is, creative consciousness has a memory component, and its scope is the newly created world parallel to the experience of cognitive consciousness.

The world experienced by cognitive consciousness is precisely created by creative consciousness. Comparing this experience with the newly created world will naturally lead to the conclusion that there are similar experiences, and the sense of vision is produced at this time!

It is particularly important to emphasize that the reason why the expanded memory range is not classified as the experience of cognitive consciousness (that is, the red dotted line in the figure) is because if we can recall the ongoing experience, then this kind of conscious activity can be carried out regardless of whether it produces vision, so it will be concluded that our experience at any time will produce vision.

At this point, the generation of vision has been well explained.

Three. Summary and hypothesis

Consciousness dualism is self-consistent, which can explain the emergence of vision. Dualism of consciousness includes dual mode and mixed mode of consciousness.

Hypothesis1:Class B blending-hypnosis. In the mixed state of Class B, only the memory elements have changed, but the expanded memory range is "the world of creating consciousness", which is the black line before the blue dotted line in Figure 3. Excluding other effects of hypnosis, class B blending can be interpreted as awakening the "sleeping memory" under hypnosis. In fact, this "memory" is a "world of creating consciousness". In a complete world, you can naturally recall everything.

Hypothesis 2: Class C mixing-absolute advantage. At one extreme, the three elements of cognitive consciousness are completely obtained by creative consciousness. Experience creative consciousness and memories in the "world of creative consciousness" ... Perhaps in this state, we can completely get rid of the passivity of creating imperceptibly and then know it, thus actively creating the world.

I had a dream, but you forgot.

= = = = = = = = = = = Dingoly feed = = = = refer to the latest scientific explanation of vision in Message Technology Edition.

The August 2007 article 12 in Time magazine: Understanding deja vu.

This is a strange feeling that everyone has experienced more than once: you walk into a room or talk to others, and suddenly a strange feeling arises. You think you've been here or had this conversation, even though you know it's impossible. Psychologists call this "once acquaintance" (blogger's note). Although people generally have this experience, no one can explain why.

Similar hallucination

Now, the research team of the Pickwell Institute of Learning and Memory at MIT may be able to uncover this mysterious phenomenon for us. Researcher Thomas McHugh and his colleagues found a specific memory circuit in the brain of mice, which may be the reason for this strange feeling. Studies have shown that deja vu is a kind of illusion-like feeling based on brain memory. So far, neuroscientists have realized that our memory consists of many parts, including long-term and short-term memory and memory of a series of events. Memory is based on reality, and its formation involves different parts of the brain. Nevertheless, the research report published by mchugh on the website of Science has brought new clues to the study of this mysterious phenomenon.

McHugh and his team tried to find out the neural network of hippocampus, which is an area in the brain that produces new memories. Neuroscientists believe that memory is actually composed of many brain cells, which are connected by strong chemical reactions. To awaken memory, it is necessary to locate and stimulate a certain group of brain cells. It is important for the brain to know that there are similarities between memories. For example, the sweet and sour taste of plum is similar to that of strawberry. However, it is also important to be able to distinguish similar but not identical memories. For example, eating some red berries can make people feel queasy. This ability is called "module separation".

Mouse experiment

Susumu tonegawa, a senior colleague of MacHugh and winner of the Nobel Prize in Immunogenetics, discovered the so-called "module separation" mechanism many years ago. This mechanism allows you to retrieve all your memories through a hint, for example, you will say to someone who looks familiar: "Did we go to the same school?" In order to recall the school experience with him, susumu tonegawa and McHugh thought they could find a specific gene responsible for controlling "module separation".

They used genetic engineering to create mice lacking this important gene and tested them to prove their theory. First, they put the mouse in a box with slight vibration. The mouse will not move to stabilize the center of gravity. Then, they put the mouse in a similar box, there is no vibration, but the mouse in different places will still move. It was not until a long time later that they could tell the difference between the two boxes. But normal mice can quickly tell the difference between them.

Confusion between old and new memories

Researchers believe that this is also the reason why people feel deja vu. The circuit of "module separation" in our brain sometimes fails, so that new experiences and old memories look exactly the same. Susumu tonegawa said: "For most people, this phenomenon is not common", but interestingly, some epilepsy patients always feel this way. "Seizure is an abnormal discharge of temporal lobe neurons, including hippocampus", which will disturb the brain circuit.

Normal people generally think "deja vu" is a bit strange, but epilepsy patients usually don't feel strange. The difference between them also proves the theory of Yinchuan and Machu. Susumu tonegawa said: "We think this strange feeling is caused by the conflict between two parts of the brain. The neocortex tells you that it has never happened before, and the hippocampus tells you that it has happened. "

A better understanding of the hippocampus can help us develop drugs to strengthen "module recognition" in the brain, which can help people forget the terrible memories caused by familiar scenes. Of course, if you go too far, you may have the opposite illusion: the old things are like new ones, that is, you have doubts about your existing memories, even if you know what happened.