British empire edition

The British Empire refers to a great empire centered on Britain, which reached its peak in the early 20th century, with a population of about 400-500 million, accounting for a quarter of the world population at that time, and a territory of about 33 million square kilometers. By the middle of the 20th century, especially after the end of World War II, with the rise of the global nationalist movement, British colonial rule was in a serious crisis. In this case, Britain was forced to allow the vast colonies to be independent or semi-independent. In order to continue to play an important role in the former colonies, the British government initiated and supervised the establishment of a peace organization-the Commonwealth. Most countries that were independent from the former British colonies joined this organization, but a few countries did not.

Antigua

1632, residents from St. Christopher Island colonized here. 1663, the island was placed under the rule of the royal government. 198 1 year, Antigua became independent and its name was Antigua and Barbuda. Ascension i. ※

18 15, when Napoleon was imprisoned in St. Helena, the Royal Navy occupied the island for the first time. 1922, which is administratively under the jurisdiction of St. Helena. △ Australia

190 1 year, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia merged to form the Commonwealth of Australia. Bahamas

The islands have been a colony since 1629, and were ruled by the royal government after 17 17 years. Bahamas became independent on 1973. Bahrain

The Amir of Bahrain signed a protection treaty with Britain on 1882. 197 1 year, Bahrain declared complete independence. Barbados 1625, someone colonized this uninhabited island. 1663, the island was directly ruled by the royal government. 1966 Independent.

basutoland

1868, this area ruled by Africans was annexed by Britain. 187 1 year, Basutolan was transferred to the Cape of Good Hope colony, but was re-protected by Britain in 1884. 1966 Independence, the country name is Lesotho. Bijin dance (a folk dance similar to rumba on Martinique and Saint Lucia in the West Indies)

1884, a British expeditionary force was sent to this area. 1885, it was declared a British protectorate. 1895, part of Beguna was placed under the colony of the Cape of Good Hope, but the rest was still under British protection until 1966, when it became independent. Bermuda. ※

1609, some people claimed sovereignty over the islands, and a London company colonized it in 16 12. From 65438 to 0684, Bermuda was ruled by the Royal Government. Bhutan

1864 After the war with the British army, the border areas of Bhutan were occupied. 19 1 1 year, the ruler of Bhutan signed a treaty with Britain to ensure its internal rule, while the British controlled its foreign policy. With the independence of India, this relationship ended at 1947. British Antarctic Territory ※

Since 18 19, people have claimed sovereignty over the islands here. 1908 and 19 17 years, the sovereignty claims of parts of the Antarctic continent were resolved. 1959 the Antarctic treaty stipulates the rules of Antarctic activities. British Columbia

1846 After signing a treaty with the United States, Britain established colonies in vancouver island and the mainland in 1849 and 1858 respectively. 1866, two colonies merged. 187 1 year, British Columbia became a part of the dominion of Canada. British Guiana

Bobis, de Melara and Essequibo were occupied in 1796 and 1803 respectively, and were incorporated into the British territory in 18 14. At 183 1, these three regions merged into a colony. The colony became independent in 1966, and its name was Guyana. British Honduras

From about 1636, English loggers settled in some coastal areas. Spain and Britain competed for this area until 1786. From 1862 to 1884, this residence is under the jurisdiction of Jamaica. 1884 became a separate colony. 198 1 independence, country name Belize. British indian ocean territory. ※

1965, this archipelago was once a dependency of Mauritius and Seychelles and was directly ruled by Britain. 1976, all islands except Chagos Archipelago were returned to Seychelles when it became independent. Britain still occupies Chagos Archipelago, mainly for defensive purposes. Cabraliya, England

The colony was founded in 1847 after the war with the Xhosa people ("Kafir") at the border of the Cape of Good Hope colony. 1866 merged into the Cape of Good Hope colony. British New Guinea

This protected area was established in 1884 to exercise sovereignty over the area before the German army. 1906 was assigned to Australia and renamed Papua. British Somaliland territory

1884, this coastal area was protected by Aden. Its boundary was demarcated in 1897 and a separate colony was established in 1905. From 1940 to 194 1, it was occupied by the Italians; 1960 became independent and became a part of Somalia. British Virgin Islands ※

People have colonized here since 1666, and 17 13 was ruled by the royal government. Brunei

Sultans Of Brunei is under British protection. From 1942 to 1945, his territory was occupied by the Japanese. 1983, he became the ruler of an independent country. Myanmar (Southeast Asian countries)

In the three wars that started in 1824, 1852 and 1885 respectively, the British occupied the territory of the king of Myanmar. Before 1937, Pod belonged to Myanmar administratively and was a part of India. 1937, a separate government was established. From 1942 to 1945, the Japanese army occupied Myanmar. 1948, Myanmar independence. △ Canada

The Federation of East and West Canada, founded in 1867, merged with New Brunswick and Nova Scotia to become a dominion of Canada. British Columbia, Prince Edward Island and Northwest China joined Canada on 187 1, 1873 and 1870 respectively. 1949, Newfoundland joined the Federation. East Canada

1760 British occupied French Canada, 1763 this area became a British Quebec colony. 179 1 year, Quebec was divided into two independent colonies: Upper Canada and Lower Canada. 1840, Lower Canada was renamed East Canada; It is the core of Quebec's federation established in 1867. Western Canada

179 1 year, the Quebec colony was divided into two (see the previous item), and western Canada was the original Upper Canada. 1840, upper Canada was renamed as western Canada; It is the core of the federation established by Ontario in 1867. Cape Breton Island

1758, the British seized the island from the French. From 1763 to 1784, it was a part of Nova Scotia. In the same year, it became an independent colony. 1820 reintegrated into Nova Scotia. Ceylon

1796, the east India company seized its coastal area from the Dutch, 1802, and it was ruled by the royal government. 18 15, King Kandy was deposed and the whole island was ruled by the British. Ceylon gained independence in 1948, and Sri Lanka was adopted as the country name in 1972. Cook Islands

The islands were annexed in 1888 and transferred to New Zealand in 190 1. Cyprus

1878, according to the treaty signed by Turkey, the island was ruled by Britain. 19 14 became a colony and 1960 became independent. Dominican Republic

176 1 year, Britain seized the island from the French. 1763, Britain annexed it. From 1778 to 1783, the French reoccupied the island. Dominica became independent on 1978. Egypt

Egypt used to be a province of Turkey in name, but it is actually an independent country. 1882, Egypt was conquered and occupied by Britain. From 19 14 to 1922, it is a protected area in Britain. 1922 gained independence, but it had to fulfill its strong treaty obligations to Britain. The British occupation of the Canal Zone continued until 1954. Ireland

Until 1922, the whole of Ireland was an inseparable part of Britain. 1922, 26 counties in southern Ireland established a self-governing Irish free country. 1948 Ireland broke away from the Commonwealth and became the Republic of Ireland.

Ellis islands

1892 These islands are protected by Britain together with gilbert islands. From 19 16 until independence, Ellis Islands was a part of Gilbert and Ellis Islands colony, and Tuvaru was established after independence from 1978.

Falkland Islands ※

1765 The first British occupation was opposed by Spain. British troops retreated on 1774, but returned on 1833. 184 1 year, Britain established colonial rule here. 1982, the islands were briefly occupied by Argentina. Fiji

Since 1835, missionaries and colonists have settled on the island. 1874, at the invitation of Fijian chiefs, the Royal Government annexed these islands. Fiji became independent on 1970. Gambia

Since 166 1, merchants have settled in some of its fortresses. 182 1 is ruled by the Royal Government and administratively subordinate to Sierra Leone. 1888, Gambia became a separate colony. 1894, its inland area was incorporated into the kingdom as a protected area. Gambia gained independence on 1965. Gibraltar. ※

1704, this fortress was seized and occupied by the British from the Spanish; 17 13 years, the British occupation of it was confirmed by treaty. gilbert islands

1892, the islands became a protected area together with Ellis Islands. From 19 16, it is a part of Gilbert and Ellis Islands colony; 1979 gained independence and changed its name to Kiribati. Gold Coast

Since 163 1, merchants have settled in some of its fortresses. From 182 1 to 1874, these fortresses are under the rule of the royal government and administratively belong to Sierra Leone. From 1828 to 1843, it was controlled by businessmen. Since 1830, the nature reserve has been established, and its area extends inland. 1874, the gold coast colony was established; The territorial area was further expanded until its boundary was determined in 1904. 19 19, part of Togo, Germany was merged. Gold Coast became independent in 1957, and its country name was Ghana. Grenada

1762, the British seized the island from the French and annexed it by the British the following year. From 1779 to 1783, the French reoccupied it. Grenada became independent on 1974. Helgolan

1807, the British seized the island from the Danes; 1890 Helgolan was ceded to Germany. Hong kong. ※

1842 China ceded the island; 1860 annexed more territory, including the mainland New Territories; The lease period is 99 years from 1898. India

Starting from 1609, the East India Company established the first batch of settlements along the coast of India. From 1757, the pace of territorial expansion accelerated, which led to the rapid expansion of Britain's rule after conquering some Indian States and making other States subordinate to Britain. These States are governed by the supreme power of Britain. 1858, the royal government replaced the East India Company. From 1876, the British monarch was awarded the title of Queen of India or Emperor of India. 1947, divided British India became independent and became two countries-India and Pakistan. 1972 Bangladesh leaves Pakistan. ionian islands

1809, the British drove the French out of this island, which was once a Venetian territory before 1797, and annexed it in 18 14. 1864, these islands were ceded to Greece. Iraq

In World War I, the former Mesopotamia province of Turkey was occupied by Britain. 1920 became a British trust. 1922, Iraq signed a treaty with Britain to implement self-government, but it must fulfill its obligations under the treaty. 1932, Iraq officially became independent. From 194 1 to 1945, Britain reoccupied Iraq. Jamaica

1655, the island was seized from the Spanish and gained independence in 1962. Kenya

1886, East Africa was divided between Britain and Germany, and Kenya was Britain's share. 1888 It was merged into Imperial East Africa Company. 1895, the British east African protectorate under the royal government replaced the company's rule. 1920 became a Kenyan colony, and 1963 became independent. Kuwait

Since 1899, UAE has signed a series of protection treaties with Britain. 196 1 year, Kuwait gained complete independence. Raboin

The island was ceded by Sultans Of Brunei, annexed in 1846 and colonized in 1848. 1890 merged into North Borneo. Malacca state

1795, the British seized the colony from the Dutch, and Jing occupied it until 18 16. 1824, the Dutch ceded it to the East India Company. 1826 became a part of the strait colony. Malaya

From 1874 to 1930, the British signed a series of protection treaties with Malay rulers. 1896, some states of Malay Peninsula jointly established the state of federated malay states. From 1942 to 1945, Malaya was occupied by the Japanese. 1948, all Malay States except Singapore merged with the Straits Colony to form a new federation, which was the basis of Malaya's independence in 1957. 1963, Malaya established Malaysia together with Singapore (1965), North Borneo and Sarawak. Maldives islands

1887, these islands were declared British protectorate. 1965, which declared independence. Malta

1798, the French occupied this island belonging to the Order of St. John. 1800, the British drove out the French, and 18 14 annexed Malta. 1964, the island gained independence. Mauritius

18 10 took the island from the French, and 18 14 was annexed by the British. Mauritius gained its independence on 1968. Montserrat i.

1632, some people colonized the island. 1663, ruled by the royal government. The French ruled the island in 1664- 1968 and 1782- 1984 respectively. Natal province

1843 was annexed and became a British colony. 1893, Natal established a responsible government. As the Zulu War ended in 1879, the Zulu people under British rule were transferred to Natal in 1897. 19 10, Natal became a part of South Africa. Nepal

From 18 14 to 18 16, this Himalayan kingdom fought a war with Britain. During the war, the first Gurkha soldiers were recruited to join the British Indian army. 18 16, Britain sent a special representative to the Nepalese court. After the British rule in India ended from 65438 to 0947, Nepal gained complete independence. Nevis i.

St Christopher was colonized here in 1628, and the island was ruled by the royal government in 1663. 1882, it joined forces with St. Christopher to form a separate government. New Brunswick province

Originally part of Nova Scotia, it became an independent colony in 1784. 1854, New Brunswick established a responsible government, 1867, and became a part of the Canadian Federation. Newfoundland

From the late15th century, British ships may have been fishing near grand banks, Newfoundland. The island was annexed by Sir Humphrey Gilbert in 1583 and was ruled by the royal government in 17 13. Newfoundland established a responsible government in 1855, but resumed colonial rule in 1934 and joined the Canadian Federation in 1949. The old name of Vanuatu

/kloc-In the 9th century, French and British planters and missionaries colonized here. 1906, the French-British joint administrative agency was established. 1980, New Hebrides gained independence and its name was Vanuatu. NSW

1770, james cook claimed sovereignty over the eastern coastal development zone. The first prisoner colonization began here at 1788. In 1855, NSW established a responsible government and joined the Commonwealth of Australia in 190 1. △ New Zealand

James cook claimed sovereignty over the coastal areas of North Island and South Island in 1769 and 1770 respectively. 1840, according to the treaty signed with Maori, the British established rule here. 1856, New Zealand establishes a responsible government. Nigeria

185 1 year, Britain established a consulate in Lagos, and Lagos was annexed in 186 1 year. 1885, a Niger regional reserve was established around the Niger Delta. 1886, the coast was ruled by the Royal Niger Company. From 1892 to 1898, Britain annexed more land. 1900, the royal government replaced the royal company of Niger. 19 14, North and South Nigeria United. 19 19, part of Cameroon, Germany was merged. 1960, Nigeria gained independence. North Borneo

188 1 year, Sultans Of Brunei ceded the area to North Borneo Company. From 65438 to 0906, North Borneo was ruled by the Royal Government. From 1942 to 1945, it was occupied by the Japanese army. 1963, renamed Sabah, became a part of Malaysia. Northern rhodesia

Formerly known as Zambezia North, it was transferred to British South Africa Company in 189 1. 1924, the royal government ruled instead of the company. 1953, northern rhodesia, nyasaland and southern rhodesia established the central African union. /kloc-gained independence in 0/964, with the name Zambia. Nova Scotia

162 1 year, France ceded Nova Scotia to Britain, but it was reclaimed in 1632. 17 13 years, returned to Britain according to the Treaty of Utrecht; In 1763, more territories are included. 1846, establishing a responsible government in Nova Scotia; 1867, Canada joined the Federation. Nyasaland

Since 1875, the Mission has established settlements here. 189 1 year, the region announced the establishment of a central African reserve. It has been called Nyasalan since 1907. 1953, Nyasalan and Northern and Southern Rhodesia established the Central African Federation; 1964 gained independence and its name was Malawi. Orange free state

In 1930s, 19, collective immigrants from Cape of Good Hope (Boer) in South Africa established this state. From 1848 to 1854, it was annexed by Britain. Since then, the Orange Free State was actually independent until 1900 was conquered and occupied in the South African War. 1907 established a responsible government, and 19 10 became a part of south Africa. Palestine

19 18, Britain conquered Palestine and Turkey's rule ended. 1920, Britain was appointed. 1948, Britain abandoned the mandate rule, and then the Jews and Arabs broke out in war. The State of Israel was born out of gunfire and smoke. Penang island

The colony established by the East India Company in 1786 became a part of the Strait Colony in 1826. Pitcairn i. ※

1790, the British warship Bent mutinied, and some mutinous sailors fled to the island and settled here for the first time. From 65438 to 0838, the Royal Government ruled Pitcairn. Prince Edward i.

1760, the British seized the island (then known as St. John's Island) from the French. 1763 was annexed by Britain and became a part of Quebec. 1769 became a separate colony, and 1873 joined the Canadian Federation. Qatar

From 19 16, the rulers of Qatar signed a series of protection treaties with Britain; 197 1 year achieved independence. Queensland

1824, the first colony was established in Moreton Bay. 1859, Queensland broke away from South Wales and established a responsible government. 190 1 year, becoming a part of Australia. Rhodesia

1890 to 1893, the British seized southern rhodesia from African tribes and colonized it by British South African companies. With the demise of the company, southern rhodesia Colony established a responsible government in 1923, which was ruled by the royal government. From 1953 to 1964, it formed the Central African Federation with Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. 1965, its government unilaterally declared independence, and its country name was Rhodesia. 1980, rhodesia changed its name to Zambia and became an internationally recognized independent country. Rupert Zland and Northwest China

The Hudson's Bay Company claims sovereignty over most of northern Canada. The company began to engage in the trade of coastal trading posts from 1670. Since 1774, Hudson's Bay Company and Northwest Company have set up trading posts inland. 1869, Hudson's Bay Company ceded the land ownership to the Royal Government; 1870, these areas were handed over to the dominion of Canada, and in the same year, a separate Manitoba province was established in the area formerly known as the Red River Colony. St Christopher (Saint Kitts) 1623 St Christopher became the first British island in the Caribbean. 1663, ruled by the royal government. From 1782 to 1783, it was occupied by the French. 1882, Nevis and St. Christopher formed a Coalition government. 1983, St. Christopher and Nevis gained independence. St Helena. ※

The island was annexed in 165 1 and colonized by the East India Company in 166 1. 1834, ruled by the royal government. Saint Lucia i.

The island was taken from the French in 1778, but returned to the French in 1783. It was occupied by the British again in 1796 and 1803 respectively. Britain annexed the island for good. 1979, Saint Lucia gained independence. Saint Vincent i.

The island was occupied in 1762 and annexed the following year. From 1779 to 1783, the French occupied the island. 1979, Saint Vincent and Grenada gained independence. sarawak

184 1 year, Sultans Of Brunei appointed James Brooke as the governor of Sarawak. 186 1 and 1905, more territories were incorporated into the kingdom. From 1942 to 1945, the Japanese occupied Sarawak. From 65438 to 0946, the rule of the Brooke family was replaced by the royal government. Sarawak became a part of Malaysia from 65438 to 0963. Seychelles.

These islands were seized from the French in 1794. From 18 1 1 to 1888, it became a separate colony and was administratively subordinate to Mauritius. Seychelles gained its independence in 1976. Sierra Leone

It was a colony established by a company in 1787, mainly for free slaves. 1807, the colony was taken over by the royal government. 1896, inland areas were incorporated into the kingdom as protected areas. Sierra Leone gained independence in 196 1 year. Sikkim

1890, a British political official was appointed to supervise the Sikkim government. 19 18 years, under the continuous protection of Britain, Sikkim rulers resumed their autonomy. 1947 India became independent and the protection was cancelled. Singapore

The island became a colony in 18 19 and became a part of the strait colony in 1826. /kloc-0 joined Malaysia in 1963, and/kloc-0 became an independent country from Malaya in 1965. Solomon Islands

From 1893 to 1900, the islands became a British protectorate. From 1942 to 1945, it was occupied by Japan. 1978 gained independence. △ South Africa

19 10, the Cape of Good Hope colony, Natal, Orange Free State and Transvaal formed the South African Union. South Australia

1834, the British Parliament passed a bill to establish a new colony. 1836, the first British colonists arrived there. 1855 South Australia establishes a responsible government, 190 1 joins the Commonwealth of Australia. NAMIBIA's original name

1878 Walvis Bay Port was declared a British territory, and 1884 was incorporated into the Cape of Good Hope colony, when the Germans began to establish colonies in its surrounding areas. 19 15 German colony was occupied by Britain, and 19 19 became the mandated territory of South Africa. 1990 gained independence and its name was Namibia. the Sudan

In the 1980s, the Mahdi Uprising overthrew Egypt's rule over Sudan. 1898, Britain reoccupied Sudan in the name of Egypt and ruled Sudan under the same rule. Sudan gained independence in 1956. Swaziland

1890, Britain and Sulanswa jointly protected the rulers of Swaziland. 1906, Britain protected Swaziland alone. Swaziland gained its independence in 1968. Tanganyika

During World War I, Britain occupied East Africa in Germany. 19 19, Tanganyika became a British trusteeship. 196 1 gained independence, and 1964 jointly established Tanzania with Zanzibar. Tasmania

1803, Europe began to colonize the island, calling it Van Di Menlan. 1825, an independent colony was established from New South Wales. It established a responsible government in 1856 and joined the Commonwealth of Australia in 190 1. Tobago i.

1762, the island was occupied by the British Empire and annexed the following year. 178 1 year, the French occupied it until 1783 signed a peace treaty. 1793, Britain reoccupied Tobago and incorporated it into the territory of the British Empire in 18 14. 1888 formed a coalition government with Trinidad. Tonga

1879, Tongan rulers signed a friendship treaty with Britain; 190 1 year was granted British protection. 1970, Tonga gained independence. Outer Jordan

19 18 The British conquered and occupied the place that used to be a part of Turkey; 1920 was appointed to rule it. 192 1 year, outer Jordan seceded from Palestine. 1923 signed an alliance treaty with Britain to establish the Arab kingdom. It gained independence in 1946, and its name is Jordan. Transvaal (Republic of South Africa)

65438+In 1930s, South African whites (Boers) left the Cape of Good Hope after a long journey and established their own country. From 1877 to 188 1, Britain annexed it and occupied it in 1900. 1906 set up a responsible government, 19 10 joined the south African union. [Place Name] Trinidad and Tobago

The island was seized from the Spanish in 1797 and annexed in 18 14. 1888, establishing a coalition government with Tobago. 1962, Trinidad and Tobago gained independence. Trusile Emirates (United Arab Emirates)

Since 1887, Britain has signed a series of protection treaties with Arab rulers. 197 1 year, UAE gained independence. Uganda

1888, the British East Africa Company of the Empire allocated a part of East Africa to Britain. 1890, the company signed a treaty with the kingdom of Buganda. 1894, with the demise of the company, Bugan became a protected area of the royal government; 1896, several other regions became British protectorates. 1905, the Ugandan colony was born. 1962, Uganda gained independence. Victoria

1834, people from Tasmania colonized Port Phillip. 185 1 year, Victoria established a separate colony and formed a responsible government in 1855. 190 1 year, Victoria joined the Commonwealth of Australia. Weihai port

Britain leased the port from China in 1898 and returned it to China in 1930. Western Australia

1826, someone colonized here for the first time. 1829, Swansea River Colony was established. 1890, western Australia established a responsible government, and 190 1 joined the Australian Federation in. Zanzibar i.

184 1 year, the British consulate was first established on the island. 1890, Britain declared Zanzibar as its protected area. Zanzibar became independent in 1963 and became a part of Tanzania the following year.