When can humans travel to Mars?

The United States plans to launch the 10 probe spacecraft in the next 10 year to explore whether there is life on Mars.

The first time humans flew to Mars was on1July 5, 965. Mariner 4 launched by the United States observed Mars at a distance of 9280 dry meters and sent back 23 photos of Mars. 197 1 and 1975, Mars probes launched by the former Soviet Union and the United States made soft landings on the surface of Mars respectively, and carried out laboratory tests and life science experiments on Martian soil. At this point, the veil on Mars was gradually unveiled.

Mars was called "flicker" in ancient China, so it got its name because it is like a red flame, with changeable brightness and confusing. Now we know that the distance from Mars to the Earth is about 370 million kilometers, which is 1 1,000 times that from the Earth to distance to the moon. Mars is smaller than the earth, its equatorial radius is about half that of the earth, and its mass is a little more than110 of the earth. Mars takes 687 days to orbit the sun and rotates for 24 hours and 37 minutes, which is very close to the earth alternately day and night; Mars has four seasons, but each season lasts for six months; The atmosphere on Mars is quite thin, and its main component is carbon dioxide. The surface temperature of Mars is 28℃ during the day and-132℃ at night. The surface of Mars is frozen and there is no water. It seems impossible for Martians to survive in such an environment. But compared with other planets, Mars is closer to the earth and more suitable for human habitation and tourism.

The earth and Mars are so far apart, how to solve the interstellar traffic between them? Scientists conceived a relay scheme: it was transferred to the spacecraft several times, mainly because direct flight could not carry enough fuel. The general idea is to build three space stations in the space between the Earth and Mars, namely, the near-earth orbit space station, the free point space station between the Earth and Mars and the Mars orbit space station. These three space stations are both transit stations and gas stations. Its traffic line will be like this: take the space shuttle from the earth to the first station-the low-earth orbit space station, and then transfer to the second station-the freedom point space station, where you will refuel, and then take off to dock with the survey spacecraft. This kind of spacecraft uses nuclear power and sails in a fixed orbit. When the spacecraft approached Mars with a transshipment spacecraft, the transshipment spacecraft left the spacecraft and flew to the third station, the Mars Space Station. After arriving at this station, transfer to the Mars lander and land on Mars, thus landing on Mars. It can be seen that traveling to Mars is much more complicated than landing on the moon, which is time-consuming and requires a lot of money.

Interestingly, maybe it fell from the sky, and Mars has two satellites orbiting it. "Phobos" is 20 kilometers in diameter, and it takes 8 hours to make a detour; Phobos has a diameter of 1 1 km, and it takes 30 hours to make a circle. Both satellites have an atmosphere and low gravity, so the transshipment spacecraft does not need to land here, just dock. These two small satellites are natural space stations where humans can build camps.

The spaceship landed on Mars. American scientists put forward a plan to immigrate to Mars, called "Louis space settlement". The idea is to send a huge spaceship to Mars, which will accommodate 65,438+10,000 people. This spaceship will not land on the surface of Mars, but it will hang on it. The spacecraft carries all kinds of life on the earth. It will rely on the energy recovered from space to keep running, and it can use local materials on Mars. The spacecraft is equipped with thousands of solar panels to make full use of the sun's irradiation to generate energy.

In the early years of 2 1 century, it is possible to send Martian houses and equipment to Mars, and then it is possible to send astronauts to Mars. However, the distance between the earth and Mars is very long, and the journey takes more than half a year. Loneliness in space is another problem. However, there is always a way for mankind to overcome these obstacles. 2 1 century, a trip to mars will eventually become a reality.