Immigrants from Anhui to Zhejiang in the past century

Brief introduction of immigrants in Anqing history

Anqing area, known as "Chu Tou Wu Wei" in history, is located in the Yangtze River subsidence zone of Dabie Mountain, which is the only place for Jiangzuo to enter Huguang and Bashu, so population mobility has become a major feature of Anqing's local history.

According to the existing genealogical data, Anqing residents are mostly descendants of immigrants, and their ancestors mostly came from Poyang, Jiangxi at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty.

Population mobility is a social phenomenon, which has never stopped since ancient times. A long time ago, there were immigration activities in Anqing. We can find clues from local chronicles and genealogy data, such as the Chen family tree in Dunmutang, Huaining, which reads: "Since the Southern Song Dynasty, Weng was an official in Longshu and was born in western Anhui."

The first migration wave in Anqing appeared at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, and a large number of immigrants moved in from northern Jiangxi. Mr. Cao of Fudan University made an in-depth study of relevant materials according to the records collected by public institutions. For example, the first volume of the History of Chinese Immigrants said: "1389, twenty-two years of Hongwu: At this time, about 27 government immigrants from Raozhou and Jiujiang in Jiangxi moved to Anqing. In a large number of genealogical data collected by the people, the situation at that time was more intuitively reflected. For example, the genealogy of Fan family in Huaining Zhongshutang reads: "Daofu Gong moved from Poyang Lake Waba in Yongfu Township, Poyang County, Raozhou to Gangpo Mountain in the west of Huaining County in the second year of Hongwu, and his hometown was called Yaonian. Up to now, it is still circulating what Dao Fu's father-in-law said,' It's just the right time to leave Yongfu, and Hongwu is already in the year of Buyao'. In Xu's genealogy, he moved from Pofenggang to Qianhuai at the end of Yuan Dynasty.

The second wave of migration occurred during the Qianlong period, this time it was mainly the emigration of population, and the destination was mainly the south of Shaanxi, which was once an important war zone for Li Zicheng and Zhang and the government forces in the late Ming Dynasty, so its land was almost barren in the early Qing Dynasty. At the same time, the government carried out the policy of "Huguang filling Sichuan", and also carried out the preferential immigration policy for Shaanxi, while Anqing Prefecture suffered from floods and droughts at that time, and refugees were in exile. Naturally, they moved into this place with the tide of refugees. For example, Volume II of Shangnan County Records of the Republic of China said: "After twenty years of Qianlong, Anqing in the south of the Yangtze River moved to several counties, seized our place, and got wind of it, and more and more people followed. This Shangnan is also known as' Little Taihu Lake'. " Another example is Jiaqing's "Shanyang County Records" (volume 12): "In forty-four years, Anhui, Hunan and Hubei provinces were repeatedly hit by disasters, and the mountain people came in an endless stream." The migration movement from Anqing to southern Shaanxi did not end until the early years of Daoguang, which can also be confirmed in folk genealogy. For example, in Sanyitang's Zhang Family Tree, Zhang Shilu moved to "the famous Wafanggou in Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province" during the Qianlong period. The biggest difference between this immigration and the situation at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty is that most of the descendants of the previous immigrants had no contact with Jiangxi, but after the end of this immigration tide, the two places maintained long-term contact. For example, He of Wenqiao in Huaining and He of Lantian in Shaanxi co-edited the genealogy until 1999, when He of Lantian drove thousands of miles to Huaining. Another example is Chen in Huangdun, Huaining, whose family tree was destroyed.

In addition to flowing into Shaanxi, Huizhou and the mountainous areas in western Zhejiang are also the destinations of Anqing immigrants. For example, Jiaqing's Jixi County Records (volume 1) said: "Those who have not cultivated in the near future will recruit Anhui people, which is called shed protection, publishing mountains and rivers, and planting bracts widely." The so-called "Anhui people" are Anqing people. The same book also said: "After thirty years of Qianlong, Anqing people took their buds to the countryside to rent mountain seeds." Another example is Jiaqing's Records of Yuqian County (volume 18): "In recent years, people want small profits, so they rent Anqing people as buds, which is called shed people." Yuqian County has been merged into Lin 'an County. This situation is also reflected in folk genealogy. For example, Sanyitang's "Zhang's Genealogy" records that it was co-edited with Zhang's people in the county during the Daoguang period.

The third wave of immigrants occurred during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. During this period, Anqing's population dropped sharply. Except for some of the war dead, a considerable number of them moved to Chizhou, Ningguo and Guangde in northern Anhui and southern Jiangsu and Zhejiang. 1 1 year-long "Anqing Defence War" greatly destroyed the population of Anqing, but Anqing was not fatally hit because of its large population base. Compared with other regions, the population is still relatively large, so Anqing is still one of the export centers of immigrants. During this period, most people moved out of Anqing and entered Chizhou Prefecture. Today, there are still a large number of residents who speak Anqing dialect in Dongzhi and Guichi, and they still maintain regular contact with Jiangbei.