By what means did Japanese imperialism plunder the occupied areas?

Japanese imperialism carried out savage economic plunder in its military occupied areas. 1938 1 1 month, the Japanese imperial parliament formulated the policy of adjusting Japan-China-Singapore relations, in which the economic clause was that China should "provide special facilities" for the development and utilization of resources in North China and Mongolia, focusing on seeking increasingly scarce resources (especially underground resources), and in other regions, China should be specific. For the determination of China's financial and economic policies, "Japan gives necessary assistance"; In terms of trade, "adopting an appropriate tariff system and customs system" makes China's supply of Japanese materials "more convenient and reasonable"; "Cooperation" with Japan in transportation and communication; In agriculture, China should "strive to cultivate raw material resources needed by Japan". These regulations are the concretization of "economic support", one of the established policies of the Japanese invaders.

In Northeast China, after the Lugouqiao Incident, Japan established Manchuria Heavy Industry Development Co., Ltd., which monopolized steel, light metals, automobiles, airplanes and coal. In order to meet the needs of the war, two five-year industrial plans (1937- 1946) were formulated, and resources in Northeast China were plundered crazily. In agriculture, a large amount of grain was plundered, and a million agricultural immigrants plan was implemented, occupying a large amount of land.

Inside Shanhaiguan Pass, Japan plundered the finance, industry, mining and agriculture of the occupied area in various forms:

In the financial field. The Japanese puppet government has set up more than 20 banks in North China and Central China. 1In September, 937, Chanan Bank was established in Zhangjiakou, and 1 1 month was expanded and reorganized into Mengjiang Bank. It is the central bank of Mengjiang region. 1938 In March, China United Reserve Bank was established in Beiping, with more than 30 branches in various places, and it was the central bank of the "provisional government" in North China. Huaxing Commercial Bank was established in Shanghai on May 1939. It is the central bank of the "reform government". After the establishment of Wang's puppet regime, 194 1 year 1 month established a puppet central reserve bank in Nanjing, which was replaced by Huaxing. In addition to general business, these banks also have the privilege of issuing counterfeit banknotes and acting as agents of the "state treasury". They control ordinary banks and local banks in every region. Zhongjiang Industrial Bank was established in Hankou in May 1940. Guangdong Provincial Bank was established in Guangdong. The Japanese and Puppet used a large number of counterfeit banknotes issued by these banks to plunder materials. The Japanese aggressors also used military tickets to plunder China's materials.

In industry and mining. In the first year after July 7th, the enemy took "military control" in North China and "entrusted operation" in Central China, and plundered the industries and mines in the occupied areas. However, due to the destruction of industry and mining, the dispersion of workers and the lack of capital, this "management" and "management" approach failed, and production, transportation and trade came to a standstill. After the policy of "maintaining war by war" was put forward, the enemy turned to "Sino-Japanese cooperation". 1938 Two "national policy companies", North China Development Corporation and Central China Zhenxing Corporation, were established. Under these two companies, many branches have been established, dealing in minerals such as coal and iron in North China and Central China, as well as salt, electricity, transportation and communication. According to the official regulations, the Chinese side contributes 45% and the Japanese side contributes 55% to the subsidiaries of North China Development Corporation. Among the enterprises affiliated to Huazhong Zhenxing Company, the Chinese side contributed 5 1% and the Japanese side contributed 49%. In order to induce China capitalists to "cooperate" with Japan, in fact, all the management rights of enterprises are owned by Japan, and most of the profits are also owned by Japan.

By March 1940, with the establishment of Wang's puppet regime, the Japanese aggressors adopted more deceptive means. The commander-in-chief of the enemy dispatch army claimed that "part of the property will be returned to the legitimate original owner". The factories and enterprises that have been "returned" are limited to the units under "Military Management". Most of these enterprises have been merged into "National Policy Company", and the rest are very limited. Even these remaining enterprises are not directly returned to the original owners, but to the puppet regime. When the puppet regime negotiates with the original owner, it can only be recovered after the original owner "repays" the enemy with a large amount of "repair expenses". As for the larger factories operated by two "national policy companies" or privately operated by Japan, they will not be returned. In short, the industrial and mining enterprises in the occupied areas are completely under the direct control and domination of the enemy.

In agriculture and rural areas. The first is to seize land. After "July 7th", the enemy's Sino-Japanese industrial company confiscated 56,000 mu of land from two farms, Junliangcheng and Chadian. 1940, the circle of reclamation companies jointly organized by Japan and Puppet occupied 70,000 hectares of land along the east coast of Hebei. The enemy built barracks, warehouses, highways, bunkers, blocked ditches and walls, airports, etc. And even occupy land at will. The land and houses occupied by Japanese invaders who immigrated to China were also taken away from farmers. Second, the local puppet regime collects taxes. The third is to buy agricultural products at low prices. For example, in 1938, the price of American cotton planted by Xihe in Tianjin market was 65 yuan per load, while the unified purchase price of Japanese and puppet troops was 38 yuan; The grain purchase price in North China is generally only half of the market price. Fourth, the Japanese and Puppet directly plundered grain, farm animals and all kinds of property. The enemy defined grain as military supplies, implemented "grain control", forcibly "requisitioned" and implemented so-called "rationing", resulting in widespread starvation.

In addition to the above aspects, young people are also the targets of enemy plunder. According to incomplete statistics, from 1939 to 1942 in June, the Japanese invaders captured 6 million young adults in North China alone and went to Northeast China and other places to engage in hard labor. By 1944, another 226,000 people were brought to Japan to work as coolies.