Liu immigrants

Liu surname, the earliest Liu surname originated from Yao's descendant Liu Lei, so Liu Lei is the ancestor of Liu surname. Liu overlooks Pengcheng, Jiangsu.

By 20 13, the population will be nearly 70 million, accounting for 5.34% of the national population, ranking fourth after Wang, Li and Zhang. Liu Jian established the Western Han Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty and the Southern Han Dynasty.

Ethnicity

Origin and evolution

According to the historical records Hanshu, Tongzhi Genealogy and Chinese Surnames, there are three main sources of Liu's surname: Qi surname, Ji surname and the change of foreign surnames.

1. The earliest branch originated from Qi surname and was a descendant of Emperor Yao. It was formed in the late Xia Dynasty and came from today.

China Liuxing Ancestor Garden.

Liu, whose surname is Qi, has two homologous branches: one comes directly from Liu Lei and was formed in Xia Dynasty; In the early Spring and Autumn Period, a scholar society composed of descendants of Liu Lei was formed.

Liu Lei was born in the late Xia Dynasty. He studied dragon training with the master of dragon breeding technology, and domesticated four dragons for Kong Jia, the thirteenth emperor of Xia Dynasty, so he was named dragon lion by Kong Jia. Liu Lei lived in the south of Yanshi County, Henan Province, when he was a Kongjia dragon. Later, due to poor reproduction, a female dragon died. Liu Lei was afraid that Kong Jia would be punished, so she secretly fled to Lu Xian County (now Lushan County, Henan Province) with her family. Liu Lei's descendants took Liu Lei's name as their surname, which was the earliest surname of Liu in China.

2. Liu's surname originated from Ji's surname and was formed in the Spring and Autumn Period. He took Yi as his surname and was from Yanshi, Henan.

3. Change foreigners' surnames

(1) Given surname: Xiang Bo, uncle of Xiang Yu, was given the surname Liu for helping Liu Bang at the Hongmen banquet. In 202 BC, after Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor in Luoyang, he accepted the garrison.

Liu bang

Lou Jing decided to move the capital to Chang 'an at the suggestion of establishing the capital of Guanzhong, and changed Lou Jing's surname to Liu.

(2) Early Western Han Dynasty: Xiongnu. At that time, the Xiongnu tribe was powerful, and Liu Bang, the emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, adopted the policy of affinity and married the daughter of the royal family to the Xiongnu Khan as his wife. Modu chanyu's surname is twins, but according to the custom that Huns take their mother's surname, the descendants of twins are all surnamed Liu.

(3) During the Wei, Jin and Sixteen Kingdoms period, a branch of Xiongnu claimed to be the descendant of Han Dynasty princess and Xiongnu Khan in order to win the support of the people in the Central Plains, and always used her mother's surname, so she was surnamed Liu. Xia San regime was established in Shaanxi, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia, and then settled in Henan. History is called "Henan Liu". Liu Yuan, the founder of the former Zhao Dynasty, was a Xiongnu aristocrat.

(4) Dugu was one of the "Eight Honorable Ministers" in the Northern Wei Dynasty. After Emperor Xiaowen moved from Datong, Shanxi Province to Luoyang in the 20th year (494), he implemented the sinicization reform in 496, and changed the Xianbei nationality to Liu.

(5) During the Late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, one of the Shatuo people in another part of Turkey also claimed to be a descendant of Liu Bang. The post-Han regime and the Northern Han regime in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were all established by the Liu family of Shatuo.

From the early Western Han Dynasty, when Xiongnu nobles attached themselves to it, Xianbei people in the Northern and Southern Dynasties entered the Central Plains, until the Manchu Eight Banners were sinicized in the Qing Dynasty, during which a large number of foreigners changed their surnames to Liu. North China, especially Liu in Henan, contains the genes of Xiongnu and Xianbei people. The surname Liu in the northeast is mainly full of mixed blood.

Migration distribution

Liu's early development was mainly in the north.

More than 300 years BC, Liu began to spread to Henan, Jiangsu and other places. During the Warring States Period, there was a doctor named Liu, whose descendants lived in the State of Qin. At the end of the Warring States Period, the State of Qin destroyed the State of Wei, and the Liu family followed Qin Jun into the capital beam of Wei, which is now Kaifeng, Henan. His tenth grandson worked in Wei, and moved to Daliang after the demise of Wei, and his son Liu Qing moved to today's Jiangsu and other places.

The Han Dynasty was the heyday and development period of Liu's surname. After the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty by Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, his surname was enfeoffed in various places, and later tribes multiplied, so Pengcheng, Weishi, Linhuai, Nanyang, Guangping, Danyang and other places had Liu's surname. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, there were more than 30 emperors and more than 400 marquis. Because the Han royal family was given the same surname, Liu's nobles spread all over the country and soon became powerful families everywhere. In short, Liu is mainly from the royal family. After more than 400 years of reproduction and development, the population soared and became the first surname in the world at that time. But Liu's population is still mainly distributed in the Yellow River valley, mainly in Henan, Hebei, Shandong, northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui and Taiyuan, Shanxi. In addition, there are Liu aristocratic families in Jingxiang, Hubei, Changsha, Hunan and Jiujiang, Jiangxi.

At the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms, Wei Liu in the Central Plains kept migrating in all directions, mainly to Sun Wu in the southeast and Sichuan in the southwest.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the central and northern regions fell into war again. Like other surnames, Liu in the Central Plains moved to the south, southeast and southwest to escape the war, and some moved to Japan and the Korean Peninsula. From the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, the migration of the Central Plains to the south and southeast regions never stopped, and the migration became larger and larger, and the region became farther and farther.

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Liu's surname had spread all over the country, and "Liu Everywhere" had begun to take shape. Liu began to move to Guangdong and Guangxi. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, a large number of people from the Central Plains immigrated to Fujian, and Liu Ye was no exception. During the reign of Ningzong Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty, Liu, his seventh son, was an official in Chaoshan, Guangdong Province, and his descendants lived in Xingyi, with a prosperous population and many tribes, and later dispersed from Xingning to many places; Guang Yun in the Northern Song Dynasty listed 25 counties in Liu.

In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, people from Fujian and Guangdong moved to Taiwan Province province one after another, and then many people went overseas to make a living.