Kendo uses a sword.

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history

Required equipment

The way of training

Segmented position

Determination of effective strike location and judgment

origin

The word "Kendo" originated from the ancient book "Wu Yue Chun Qiu" in the pre-Qin period of China. China's two-handed saber technique comes down in one continuous line, which was spread to Japan during the Han and Tang Dynasties through the official exchanges of Japanese envoys in Sui and Tang Dynasties and Chinese mainland, as well as the non-governmental exchanges between the Korean Peninsula and the coastal areas of the mainland and the Japanese archipelago. The knife method introduced to Japan has been evolving in the years of the Japanese War. In the increasingly stable edo period in Japan, the basic forms of kendo protective gear and bamboo sword were made by imitating the style of Japanese armor, which laid the embryonic form of sports kendo in the future.

history

Swordsmanship, which originated in China, was introduced to Japan in Sui and Tang Dynasties. After Japanese study and modification, a unique knife method was formed, which was used to defend the country, resist foreign enemies and maintain social order in ancient times. Now it has gradually become a martial arts sport, changed into bamboo knives and protective gear.

In 473 BC, the State of Wu in China was destroyed by the State of Yue, and the refugees from the State of Wu fled to Japan from Shandong Peninsula and Dongyi Island, carrying bronze "Ge" and "Jian" at the same time. More than 200 years later, China entered the Qin and Han Dynasties to produce ironware, which also arrived in Japan with mainland and Korean immigrants who came across the sea. In the second half of the 2nd century, Queen Yematai sent envoys to Gong Wei four times, and received a large number of weapons such as silk, bronze mirrors and "iron spears" and "iron swords" from Wei Mingdi.

The person who originally created the three stages of fencing, namely "upper, middle and lower", is said to be "Chun Wu of Japan", the son of Emperor Jingxing of Japan at the beginning of the second century. This statement was recorded in the original Japanese books "Ancient Secretary" and "Japanese Secretary" completed 600 years later (7 12), but most of the contents in the books belong to legends similar to myths, so the contents are doubtful. By the middle of Quaternary, the Kunmo people in Luchangguo Kashima created a kind of "Excalibur", which is the famous "Kashima Taidao", and many schools of later generations came from this. At the end of the eighth century, doctors in Emperor Kanmu Palace established a martial arts hall, where martial artists practiced martial arts, from Emperor Kanmu to the emperor of the "Heian Dynasty". On May 5th every year, they will hold the Sky Blue Competition here.

1 1 At the beginning of the century, in the middle of the Heian period, it was found from the previous battlefield actual combat experience that chopping was more advantageous than stabbing in real-time combat. In order to draw the sword more conveniently, the original one-handed double-edged three-foot straight knife with stabbing as the main thrust was changed into a two-handed single-edged machete supplemented by chopping as the main thrust, which became the prototype of today's "Japanese Dao".

Eight Yuen Long in the west of the town was once, and the swordsmanship was superior to the so-called "first in the west", recreating two stages of "Yin and Yang", namely "left and right", and adding the original configuration of five stages of "up, middle and down", which became the normal state of later generations.

Yuan Yijing (nicknamed Niu Ruowan), his father Minamotono Yoshitomo was killed by Ping Qingsheng in the Pingzhi Rebellion, and his mother was captured as a concubine. Therefore, Yijing was spared from death and was placed under house arrest in the mountain city of Ma 'an Temple to study and practice martial arts. One day, in Houshan Valley, I met an alien who called himself "Tiangou" to teach fencing. Yijing integrated it into the unique use of Japanese Dao and became the unified swordsmanship of the source family. This swordsmanship became the famous "Eight Rivers in Beijing" or "Eight Rivers in Anma", and its tributaries have been passed down to this day.

After the Kamakura dynasty, fencing and offensive and defensive weapons were also improved and developed. In order to defend against powerful arrows on the battlefield, you must wear thick armor. Once, in hand-to-hand combat, in order to deal with this kind of armor, a big knife with a length of more than three feet or even four to five feet was tilted to the right or left, and Yang Jian was cut obliquely from above to below, or swung obliquely from below to below, thus creating a "structural" configuration.

At the end of the Muromachi shogunate, it entered the Warring States period. After the musket was imported into Japan in 1544, the heavy armor lost its protective ability, so it was changed to a light armor that was beneficial to advance and retreat, and the size of the sword was shortened. From the regular sabre (the blade is downward and hung horizontally on the belt) to the blade is upward and inserted obliquely on the belt. Fencing also focuses on attacking the neck, throat, waist, armpits, thighs and joints of hands and feet. , can't be protected by armor. In this era, I studied swordsmanship and practiced "shape" with real swords, blade guides (knives without embedded blades when casting swords) and wooden knives.

A great swordsman Shang Quan Yi Shi kept his promise. He invented a kind of bamboo more than three feet long, which was cut into four, eight, sixteen or thirty-two sections from the part where the handle was left to the tip of the knife, and then wrapped in a bag made of thick wood and cotton cloth to make a "bag bamboo knife" that could directly hit each other for practice, but it was not handed down until later generations by new negative currents, new currents and some parts.

Before the Warring States entered the Edo era through the Taoshan era, there were many swordsmen in the world, and the prosperity of martial arts reached its climax. Around 1764, Zhong Zang invented the sheath of face, trunk and small hand by imitating helmet, chest protector and cage hand, cut bamboo into four sections, added scalp, middle knot, silk, stalk skin and chaff to make bamboo knives, and then restricted the attack anywhere protected by the sheath. The practice and competition of fencing at that time was the initial embryonic form of the "kendo" we are learning now. However, all factions still retain the original "type" swordsmanship, so it is still necessary to supplement the type of practice with real swords. By the end of Tokugawa shogunate, there were more than 200 schools of fencing in the world.

After the Meiji Restoration, warriors who abandoned governors to rule counties and lost their master's family became ronins. 1876 issued a ban on ordinary people except military police officers, which made the original warriors have to work in agriculture, industry and commerce for a living, but because they were not good at these, they fell into a situation of food and clothing and poverty.

Meiji 10, when the Southwest War broke out, the Police Department recruited swordsmen from all over the country and organized a "sword-drawing team" to crusade against Saigō Takamori. 12 years, JCH officially began to learn fencing. In May of the same year, swordsmen all over the country held a fencing meeting, and for the first time formulated the method of "winning and losing three games", which was composed of straight-heart shadow flow, pommel horse flow, Baoshan flow, standing flow, one-knife flow, passing flow, self-origin, unintentional flow and passing flow. In 28 years, Kyoto Heping Temple held a Wushu Festival, rebuilt the martial arts school, and established the "Great Japan Wushu Association". In 36 years, the titles of scholar and priest were established, and then refined scholar was added.

After the defeat of the Second World War, Japan was recognized as a cruel and horrible martial art by the General Command of the Japanese Land Occupation Army. Therefore, shooting and fencing practice were completely banned, and all the sheaths owned by ordinary people were confiscated and burned. Later, Mori Shunzao and others came forward to express their feelings, and retorted: "Kendo is not designed to learn the art of blade killing, as your department thought, but contains a higher dimensional spiritual meaning: inheriting and learning the physical skills of attack and defense of Guliu, not only physical strength, health, longevity and so on. It also includes metaphysical observation, understanding, judgment, breaking off diplomatic relations, thinking, self-denial and so on. " Is it against the free spirit of democracy? Besides, in this era of atomic weapons, it is ridiculous to be afraid of this kind of kendo and ban it. Isn't this a ridiculous thing, a superficial mistake? "After the above rebuttal, the Kendo prohibition order was stopped. Showa held the first national conference on the rights and interests of kendo athletes after the war in 24 years, and applied to the headquarters, but it was not officially approved, but it was not banned, so it was held in a state of "acquiescence".

Required equipment

Modern kendo is a real fighting with bamboo knives and protective gear. Therefore, there is also a special research on equipment; The bamboo knife is composed of four bamboo boards, a knife tip skin and a knife handle skin. There are masks, chest protectors, hanging waist, gloves and cotton-padded clothes in the sheath. The venue is generally on the wooden elastic floor, playing barefoot. Therefore, the protective measures are perfect, so the injury rate is lower than other martial arts sports.

The way of training

Kendo is a martial arts sport. When beginners learn, they need to show their swordsmanship with their physical strength. When the technology is mature, it will win with smart strategies. Therefore, teaching needs vary from person to person, and appropriate practice time and times should be given. However, the attitude of learning must be rigorous and serious in order to get substantive results.

The way of training, for beginners, should start with the decomposition action, then reach the combo action through the click action, then gradually enter the chain practice, and then turn to intensive impact training. In the training room, if an individual is found to have movements that are not easy to learn, individual guidance will be given. This has evolved into a comprehensive exercise, in which counter-attacks are skillfully combined and used, and then extended to mutual confrontation to heart-to-heart attack and defense confrontation.

stage

Heisei 2 years (1 990) April1.

At the initial stage of the first-level qualification, the owner's secondary school is above the second level.

After obtaining the second-level qualification 1 year or above, 16 years or above.

More than 2 years after obtaining the qualification of three stages and two stages, 18 years old or older.

More than 3 years after obtaining Grade 4 and Grade 3 qualifications, 2 1 over one year old.

More than 4 years and more than 25 years old after obtaining five-stage and four-stage qualifications.

More than 5 years and more than 30 years old after obtaining the qualification of six paragraphs and five paragraphs.

More than 6 years and more than 36 years old after obtaining the qualification of seven paragraphs and six paragraphs.

After obtaining the qualification of eight paragraphs and seven paragraphs, 10 is over one year old and over 46 years old.

Over 65 years of age after obtaining the qualification of nine paragraphs and eight paragraphs.

After obtaining the qualification of ten paragraphs and nine paragraphs,

Practitioners have six qualifications and good judgment.

A priest has the qualification of a six-level animal trainer and has good guidance ability.

The bannermen have the qualifications of eight priests, and they are noble in morality, proficient in fencing and skilled in technology. He is over 55 years old.

Determination of location and judgment of effective attack

The effective hitting parts of kendo are face (including front, left and right sides), throat, abdomen (left and right abdomen) and hands (left and right wrists), which are all key parts of the body. Judgment and determination: the determination of the so-called effective strike should be based on the consistency of momentum, spacing, timing, strike position, strike intensity and other conditions.

How to appreciate and watch kendo?

In fact, fencing is just a means, and the two sides make moves before the confrontation; This is a heart-to-heart battle. Therefore, we can appreciate and watch kendo from two aspects: external technology and internal psychology. Technically, the movements are sharp and graceful, and the momentum and spirit are full, showing a strong and powerful performance. Psychologically speaking, we can see the wisdom and practice of the swordsman by looking at whether the swordsman's mood is calm or impetuous, whether he can have keen and correct judgment in the battle, and how to take appropriate countermeasures, such as the tactical application of "preemptive strike", "waiting for an opportunity" or "winning by counterattack".