Please briefly outline several major parts of Myanmar's history.

Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon, Myanmar (1044 ~ 1297)

The Bagan Dynasty was founded in 1044 by King Anulutuo (reigned from 1044 to 1077). It is the first unified empire in Myanmar, with Hinayana Buddhism as the state religion. King Anulutuo conquered Khan and Meng successively, and also expanded his territory continuously. During the reign of King Halanxi (11~1167), Hinayana Buddhism gradually became the mainstream and reached its peak at the beginning of13rd century. Of the more than 3,000 temples built at that time, 100 have been preserved to this day. 1287, Kublai Khan, the ruler of the Yuan Dynasty, led the Yuan army to invade, ending the Bagan dynasty. Since then, Myanmar has entered the Shan State period.

Central province of Myanmar

( 1286 ~ 1290)

1286, the Yuan Dynasty in China established "Myanmar-China Province" (also known as "Myanmar Province"). 1290, the Central Province of Myanmar was abolished, but the later King Bagan was almost a puppet of the Yuan Dynasty.

Later, Myanmar was divided, and the Shan and Meng ethnic groups established their forces in eastern and southern Myanmar respectively.

Dongwu dynasty

(153 1 year ~ 1752)

153 1 year, Myanmar Manyingti (153 1 ~ 1550) unified Myanmar for the second time, established the Xu Dong Dynasty and claimed to be the king, and established the capital Bagu City in 1546. After Bayinlang ascended the throne, he fought against the powerful Ayutthaya Kingdom of Thailand many times and exhausted his national strength. Finally, the city of Bagu was occupied by Akka people in 1599 and moved to Awa. Dongyu Kingdom finally fell at 1752. 1753, Myanmar yongjiya appeared, driving away the Mongols who captured Awa at that time and establishing Daguangcheng.

Kangbang dynasty

( 1752 ~ 1885)

1782 ~ 18 19 was the autocratic period of the Potomac king. Because of his ambition to invade Thailand many times, Britain, which occupied India at that time, was worried about the possible threat from Myanmar. 1875, West Karen State was recognized as the main force.

Colonial period

( 1885 ~ 1948)

The tension between Britain and Myanmar reached its peak in two wars: 1824 ~ 1826 and 1852. Britain won both wars, and finally captured stereotyped writing city, which was called Lower Burma. After the British entered Myanmar, the economy of Upper Myanmar also improved significantly.

1885, Britain sent troops to destroy Myanmar and merged into India under the rule of the British Empire, becoming a province of British India. China's Qing government ordered Ceng Jize, the envoy to Britain, to lodge a protest with Britain.

1886, Britain won the third British-Burmese war again, and China was forced to sign the Sino-British-Burmese Treaty with Britain, which stipulated that China recognized Britain's sovereignty over Myanmar, but Myanmar still followed suit and paid tribute to China once every ten years. As for the undetermined border between China and Myanmar, it should be determined through consultation between the two countries. At this time, Britain accepted Myanmar as a province of India and set the government in Yangon.

During the British colonial rule, Myanmar's transportation and education were greatly improved. The British devoted themselves to developing waterways, which enabled countless ships to sail on the Irrawaddy River. Railways and highways have also been built and improved to make up for the shortage of waterways. At this time, a large number of Indian immigrants poured in, resulting in cheap labor and threatening the local economy. As a result, the Burmese people began to hate Indians, so that anti-Indian riots broke out on 1930.

From 1890 to 1947, Shan and Wa became protectorates of the British Empire. Kachin State and Chin State are independent administrative regions.

1894, Xue Fucheng signed the Sino-British-Myanmar Business Clause with Britain in London.

1936, in the first and only election under British rule, Dr. Ba Maw was elected as the Prime Minister of the government under British control.

1937, Britain created a unique Myanmar Constitution and agreed to Myanmar's autonomy. Myanmar broke away from British India and became the headquarters of the British Empire (British Myanmar).

1942 In May, during World War II, the Japanese occupied Myanmar and established a puppet government headed by Ba Maw. With the support of Japan, General Aung San, who opposed the British colonial government and longed for independence, organized the Myanmar Independent Volunteers.

1942, Aung San led the army to join the Japanese army in the fight against the British and Chinese expeditionary forces, and then announced Myanmar's independence from Britain with the support of the Japanese army.

1943, Ba Maw and Aung San were invited to visit Japan. They returned to China to reorganize the puppet government of Myanmar, and Aung San became the Minister of National Defense.

1944, the Japanese army was losing ground on the battlefield, and Aung San began to support the United States and Britain and organized the "Anti-Fascist People's Freedom Alliance" against the Japanese army.

1945, Myanmar won the Anti-Japanese War, and Myanmar was still under British control after the war.

Democratization

1947, several Shan states, Kachin State, Chin State and Long Bin (also translated as Bannon), a small town with its headquarters in Shan State, signed the Pang Long Agreement. The purpose of the agreement is to unite Myanmar, Shan State, Kachin State and Chin State and strive for independence from Britain.

1In July, 947, General Aung San was assassinated, and DeQinnu, the successor of Aung San, continued to lead the independence movement.

1948 65438+1On October 4th, Myanmar gained independence from British colonial rule for more than 60 years, and Sao Shwe Thaik became the first president of Myanmar.

From 1948 to 1958, the anti-fascist People's Freedom League headed by Wu Nu became the ruling party of the Union of Myanmar.

From 1958 to 1960, General Wu Naiwen forced Wu Nu to set up a "caretaker government".

1960 to 1962, the Myanmar union party led by Wu Nu (later renamed by the anti-fascist people's freedom league Chengxin group) won the Myanmar general election in 1960 and came to power.

From 1962 to 1974, Wu Naiwen seized power, abolished the federal constitution, established the "Revolutionary Committee of the Union of Myanmar", excluded the elected system and began military dictatorship.

1974 to 1988, Wu Naiwen promulgated a new constitution and recognized Rakhine, Chin, Kachin, Karen, Kaye/Karen, Mon and Shan as administrative units. General Wu Naiwen took off his military uniform and became the chairman of the Myanmar Socialist Platform Party. The Revolutionary Committee of the Union of Myanmar was renamed the State Council of the Socialist Republic of Myanmar.