How did Zhuge Liang conquer Na Man seven times with offensive tactics and capture Meng Huo alive?

Zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition failed because Ma Su lost the street pavilion, but Zhuge Liang overestimated Ma Su's talent, because Ma Su gave him a clever plan, which made Zhuge Liang command the famous psychological warfare masterpiece in history.

In May, the soldiers were driven into the barren land, and the smoke of Lushui was high in the moonlight.

I swear I'll pay a little attention to men, and I dare not levy taxes.

This poem highly praised Zhuge Liang for leading an army to conquer the south without avoiding difficulties and obstacles. What the poem says: the famous story of seven verticals defeating Meng Huo.

When it comes to Zhuge Liang's expedition to the south, we must first understand the origin of the rebellion in South China.

During the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty, the four counties of Yue, Yizhou, Yongchang and Pangge in the southwest, that is, the areas in southern Sichuan, northeastern Yunnan and northwestern Guizhou, were called South China at that time. There are many ethnic minorities living here, which were called Southwest Yi in Han Dynasty. Since the Qin Dynasty opened People's South in Wuchi Road, the economic and cultural ties between South China and the mainland have been further strengthened through the governance of the Han Dynasty. Especially since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a large number of immigrants moved to the border and built roads, which brought advanced production technology and culture to the mainland and developed the southern and central regions. The establishment of the four counties in the south and middle marked that the central dynasty of the Han Dynasty strengthened its rule over this area. However, after the mid-Eastern Han Dynasty, as consorts and eunuchs fought for power and profit, politics became increasingly corrupt, which led to the continuous uprising of the people. At this time, most of the officials sent to Nanzhong were corrupt officials who were searching hard. Because of the anger of the rulers, the resistance of the people in South and Central China was constantly aroused. Class contradictions and ethnic contradictions are very sharp. Zhuge Liang summed up the historical experience and put forward the strategy of "building the army in the west and helping foreigners in the south" as early as in Longzhong Dui. After Liu Bei captured Yizhou, he appointed Ma Chao as General Pingxi and Pastoral Liangzhou successively, and made use of the relationship between Ma Chao and Qiang Rong to make peace with Rong more successful. However, the problem of southern China has not been satisfactorily solved.

Liu Bei first appointed Fang Deng, a native of Nanjun County, as the magistrate of Zhu Di (now Zhaotong, Yunnan), and later was promoted to General Anyuan, who was in charge of the military and political affairs in Nanzhong. Fontaine despised wealth and fruits, and Han Yi respected his reputation. In the year when Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, Fang Deng died. Deeply disturbed, Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang sent Li Hui to be the commander-in-chief of the shit drop and head the state secretariat.

Fang Deng and Li Hui's governance of South China won the support and support of the people in South China to a certain extent, but they were stubbornly opposed by some powerful landlords of the Han nationality and some Yi Shuai who attempted to split. At that time, when Liu Bei sent troops to conquer Wu, Gao Ding, the prefect of H County, rebelled. After Liu Bei's death, Gao Ding became even more unscrupulous, killing the county king Jiao Huang and establishing the county king. Later, Yizhou strongman Lv Yong and punk satrap Zhu Bao also rose up against Shu.

After Yongchang launched the rebellion, not many ethnic minorities followed him. Historically, Yizhou failed to follow suit. In order to expand the power of the rebel army, he used despicable means to instruct another rebel leader, a man named Meng Huo from Yizhou County, to spread rumors and deceive the masses, saying: The Shuhan regime wants to collect 300 black dogs with black breasts and 3,000 pieces of broken wood three feet long from you. Can you do it? At that time, the highest broken wood was only 20 feet, especially the long-term extortion of officials in Central and South China left a very bad impression on people. So, after incitement, they were all persuaded. At that time, except Yongchang County, the rebellion almost swept the whole South China.

In the spring of the third year of Jianxing (AD 225), the broken Wu-Shu alliance was repaired and the internal rectification was stable. Therefore, Zhuge Liang changed the strategy of comforting the south without begging, and led a great army to conquer the south.

When Zhuge Liang set out from Chengdu to lead the army, Ma Su, the prime minister's office, joined the army and sent it to dozens of miles away, still reluctant to go. So Zhuge Liang asked sincerely, you and I have worked together for many years, and someone has been advising you. Do you have any good ideas? When Ma Su asked about this matter, he admitted that the terrain was dangerous and the journey was long, and he refused to obey the court for a long time. Even if we beat them by force today, as soon as the troops retreat, they will rebel again. In the future, the Prime Minister will lead the army to the Northern Expedition. They will take advantage of the emptiness at home, but they should be quick. The way to use troops: attack the heart for the top and attack the city for the bottom; Psychological warfare is the best, military warfare is the best. May the Prime Minister serve the hearts of southerners for long-term stability. Zhuge Liang was very happy after hearing this. Historically, Liang accepted his strategy, pardoned Meng Huo and sent him to the south. It can be seen that Zhuge Liang appreciated Ma Su's words at that time.

The army of Shu and Han is divided into three ways. Ma Zhong, the gatekeeper, led the East Route Army to fight the increasingly obese Ge in southern Sichuan. The Middle Route Army, led by Li Hui, Commander-in-Chief of Chiang Kai-shek, marched from Pingyi to Yizhou and attacked Meng Huo's lair. Zhuge Liang, as the main force of the southern expedition, set out from Chengdu to Anshang, then took the waterway from Anshang to Yue, and agreed that the three armies would finally meet in Dianchi Lake, Yizhou.

When Zhuge Liang's army entered the state of Yue from Anshang, King Gao of Iraq decided to build fortifications in Ruoniu (now Hanyuan North, Sichuan), Dingyuan (now Yanyuan, Sichuan) and Beishui (now Zhaojue Fumai, Sichuan). Zhuge Liang was fearless in the face of danger and gathered without fighting. He planned to annihilate in one fell swoop after concentrating his fixed forces. After shrinking his troops, Zhuge Liang suddenly attacked, annihilated the rebels, killed Gao Ding and occupied Yue H County. At the same time, Ma Zhong also defeated Zhu Bao in the East Road and occupied Xigaze County. The rebellion on the east and west sides was wiped out. After that, Zhuge Liang led an army to attack Yizhou County, the last stronghold of the rebels.

In May of this year, Zhuge Liang led his army through the inaccessible mountains, through the rough Lushui, and finally approached Yizhou County. At this time, Yongchang had been killed by some people, and Meng Huo took the place of Lu. Meng Huo is a well-known family in the south and enjoys high prestige among ethnic minorities. In order to better solve the relationship between Shu-Han regime and ethnic minorities and stabilize the rule in central and southern China, Zhuge Liang decided to take offensive tactics with the support of the army, so he ordered the army to capture Meng Huo alive.

The two armies fought fiercely in the upper reaches of Panjiang River, and Meng Huo was captured. In order to convince him, he really surrendered. Zhuge Liang didn't kill him or humiliate him. He also arranged a camp to show him around, and then asked him: What is this army like? Meng Huo replied: I didn't know your actual situation before, so I saw your army camp after being defeated and captured. However, if you can let me go back to the whole army and fight again, it is not difficult to beat you. Zhuge Liang nodded silently and ordered Meng Huo to be released. After Meng Huo came back, the whole army fought again, and the result was defeat and capture. This time he refused, and Zhuge Liang let him go again. In this way, * * * was arrested seven times before and after, and Meng Huo hasn't come back when he sent Liang Jude away for the last time. He admired Zhuge Liang's magnanimity and resourcefulness and expressed his willingness to surrender. He said: Gong, Tianweiye, southerners are no longer rebellious!

After Meng Huo surrendered, Zhuge Liang continued to lead the troops south. At this time, Ma Zhong of East Road has advanced from Pangge to Yizhou County; Li Hui also defeated the rebels along the way and entered Yizhou County. The Third Route Army successfully joined forces in Dianchi Lake (now Jinning East, Yunnan). The rebellion of the southern strongmen and the upper classes of ethnic minorities was finally completely put down.

In order to consolidate the victory, Zhuge Liang took a series of measures to strengthen control, improve ethnic relations and develop production.

The first is to change the county. He changed Yizhou County, which lasted the longest and did the most harm, to Jianning County (now Qujing, Yunnan Province), and Li Hui, the most military achievement in Pingnan, was appointed as the county magistrate, and Li Hui was promoted as General Han An. Plus Yunnan and Xinggu counties. In this way, if Judy County is added, there are seven counties under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Central and South China. So as to strengthen political control over South China.

Secondly, Zhuge Liang adopted a handsome strategy. Try to use local influential elites as officials at all levels in South China. On the one hand, it strengthened national unity, and at the same time, it reduced the military and material expenses of Shu Han. Of course, there is no need for * * * mainly aimed at selecting grassroots officials below the county level.

Third, weaken the most popular and handsome power. After pacifying Nanzhong, Zhuge Liang forcibly moved more than 10,000 Qing Qiang families from Nanzhong to Shu. At the same time, the remaining weak people were divided into three major brands, such as Jiao, Yong, Lou, Yi, Meng, Liang, Mao and Li, and five captains were set up to manage them. For those who don't want to do trilogy, Zhuge Liang persuaded Daxing to pay. Give discounts to people with more songs. This promoted the development of feudal subordination in southwest China.

Finally, while respecting folk customs, further develop South China. In order to develop the economy rapidly, Zhuge Liang actively promoted the advanced production technology of the Han nationality, sent people to teach the local people Niu Geng and cotton weaving methods, and set officials to manage the cooking of salt and iron, and repaired the ancient roads and pavilions along the way, which promoted the economic ties between various ethnic groups.

Zhuge Liang's measures to develop production in central and southern China have played a positive role in strengthening the ties between Han nationality and southwest ethnic minorities, developing economy and culture, and safeguarding national unity. And "seven captures Meng Huo" has also become a masterpiece of psychological warfare in Chinese history.