Does anyone know "broken cans and broken falls"

Du is the 53rd surname in China, with a large population, accounting for about 0.4% of the Han population in China. ?

There are three sources of Du surname: 1, which comes from Qi surname, after Liu Lei, the grandson of Emperor Yao. According to the genealogy, Duke Zhou named his brother Tang and moved to Du (now southeastern Shaanxi), a descendant of the former monarch (built by the descendants of Liu Lei). Du Bo was a doctor in the Zhou Dynasty. After his son and grandson were killed unjustly, he took the country as his surname. 2. According to Shiben, it is said to be the descendant of Du Kang, the inventor of brewing in Huangdi Neijing. 3. Change his surname from his home. For example, there were Xiongnu in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and there were Jurchen Khan, Manchu Dushan, Tuketan, Oroqen Dunningken, Yugur Duman, Daur Degong and Daridel in the Jin Dynasty. And Manchu, Mongolian, Tujia, Beijinger, Hui, Russian, Zhuang, Tibetan, Korean, etc., all changed their surnames to Du.

The surname is the ancestor Dube. Empress Liu, the grandson of Emperor Yao. In ancient times, there was Dani (now Yicheng, Shanxi), the son of Yao Feng, Emperor Shundi of the Tang Dynasty, and Dani was descended from Xia and Shang dynasties. At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, when he became king, the Tang Dynasty disrespected the reigning emperor and was destroyed by the then Regent Zhou Gongdan. His brother was sealed in the Tang Dynasty, and the descendants of the former Tang Guojun moved to Du, hence the name Tang Du. Zhou Xuanwang, Tang Chaohuan was a doctor in North Korea. His name was Du Bo. Du's romantic style fascinated Zhou Xuanwang's favorite female pigeon, so he tried to seduce him, but the upright Du was unmoved. The evil mother pigeon who became angry from embarrassment complained first and accused Du of bullying her. Zhou Xuanwang then killed Du Bo. After Du Bo's death, most of his descendants fled to the Central Plains, and the adherents who stayed in the capital took the country as their surname, calling Du and respecting Du Bo as the ancestor of Du.

Du's birthplace is Xi 'an, Shaanxi. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Du had already migrated to Chu, Lu and other countries. "The Book of the New Tang Dynasty" says: "Lu has Du Xie, who avoided the difficulties of discipline and went to Chu to give birth to a doctor. During his lifetime, Duan Doukhi was a general of the Qin Dynasty, and his food was collected in Yi Yan, Nanyang. At that time his name was Du Yan. He's youngest son was appointed as the satrap of Shangdang (now Changzhi, Shanxi); Bingzi Du Za was appointed as the prefect of Nanyang; Jia Zi Du Zhou, an imperial historian, was forced by the court to move Maoling (now northeast of Xingping, Shaanxi Province) to a noble family when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and later formed Jingzhao County, the largest county in the history of Du surname. Jingzhao Du's surname comes from Sun He, the 20th generation of Han Jianping and Hou Yannian. In the following hundreds of years, Du's surname formed many branches: Xiangyang Du's surname came from Dangyang Hou Du's youngest son and Jin Hongnong's satrap Du Yin; Lianshui (now Anyang, Henan Province) is named Du Kuan, the youngest son of Dai Hou. Dewey, the son of Puyang Du, lived in Puyang and was born to Sun Dumo. Later, Wei became the prefect of Puyang because of his family background. In short, from the pre-Qin to the Han Dynasty, Du's surname spread mainly in Shaanxi, and its spread process was from Shaanxi to Shandong, then to Henan, and finally back to Shaanxi. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Central Plains was in turmoil, and Du moved south to avoid the war. He has lived in Xiangyang, Xiangfan, Hubei, Mianzhu, Sichuan, Chengdu and Qiantang, Zhejiang, becoming a big family. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Du Rang was appointed as my envoy to Shannan, and took refuge in Yin Shan, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) in the Yuuzhou War, so that Sun Duren, an able man, moved to Maluan Township, Anren, Tongan, Fujian, and was called the ancestor of Maluan Du. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Du, as one of the surnames of people who moved to Sophora japonica in Hongdong, moved to Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Du surname has spread all over the country and overseas, and there are footprints of descendants of Du surname in Southeast Asia, Europe and America. Today, Du surname is widely distributed, especially in Shaanxi, Henan, Hebei, Gansu, Shandong, Sichuan, Liaoning, Jilin and other provinces. Du surname in these eight provinces accounts for about 55% of the population of Han Du surname in China.

The counties formed by Du surname in the process of long-term reproduction and migration are: 1, Jingzhao County, located in Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi); 2. Yangxian County where Xiangyang is located (now Xiangfan, Hubei Province); 3. Puyang County, which is located in Puyang (now Henan); 4. Hanyang County, located in Hanyang, Hubei Province; ⑤ Nanyang County, located in Nanyang City, Henan Province.

Hall names: Jingzhao, Shisheng, Shaoling, Yan Yong, Zhende, etc.

Clan characteristics: 1, Du surname has a long history and celebrities come forth in large numbers. Since the Zhou Dynasty, there are 352 people recorded in historical books. There are countless politicians. In the Tang Dynasty alone, 11 people took Du as prime minister. There are countless poets, painters, writers, scholars and inventors, especially skilled craftsmen. 2. Du surname has formed its own unique cultural beliefs and customs in the long years. The convention has four points: a, respect for civil engineering. B, remember that broken jar. Every time a relative leaves, Du tells him, "Remember from generation to generation that we are broken pots." Since ancient times, the Du brothers have broken the pot and divided the iron as a permanent pledge. C. Zhao Mu is orderly. For example, the Adu family in Sheqi County, Henan Province, agreed to start from the twelfth (broken pot) and start with the red letter: "The red poem is full of phoenix, bright and moral, and Qing Xiang should be amped up, and the writer has a voice." As agreed in Dengfeng County, from the 15th: "Be like Yun Qi, neutral and shining, auspicious and beautiful, and beautiful. I hope that it is loyal and honest, and I will continue to be healthy, and I hope it will be high. " D, taboo marriage. Some members of the "Pu" family have been taught, and there has been a phenomenon of "unmarried" or "forbidden marriage" in this family.

Du Cao: Ling Du native of Jingzhao (now southeast of Xi, Shaanxi), painter and calligrapher of Han Dynasty. Zhang Shi, the Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, was Qi Xianggong, famous for his kindness, and was also called "the capital of Cui" with Cui Yuan. Du Shi: a native of Jixian County, Henan Province, was a famous minister in the Eastern Han Dynasty. When he was a magistrate in Nanyang, he created a drainage system (that is, a hydraulic blower), and made iron and cast farm tools more than 1 100 years earlier than Europe. He manages ponds, opens up fields and develops agricultural production. It is said that "there is a father before, and a mother after." Du Mi: A native of Dengfeng, Henan Province, was a famous minister in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He used to be Beihai Xiang, Shang Shuling and Henan Yin, and was called "a good assistant in the world". Du Lin: Fufeng (now Xingping, Shaanxi) was born in Maoling, a Confucian scholar and philologist in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He is good at ancient Chinese studies and philology. He wrote Cang Xie Xun Bian and Cang Jie Gu. Du Yu: a native of Jingzhao, a famous soldier and scholar in the Western Jin Dynasty. Known as "Du Wuku", he is the author of Zuo Jing Ji in the Spring and Autumn Period, Examples in the Spring and Autumn Period and Long Calendar in the Spring and Autumn Period. Du Ruhui: Jing Zhao, a famous soldier in the early Tang Dynasty. He was called in history: "Ling Xuan is resourceful, and if he is good at judging, he is often called Du Fang." Du You: Ling Du native, Tang Dynasty historian Jing Zhao compiled the 200-volume General Code, which is the first general history describing laws and regulations in China. Du: A native of Xiangyang (now Xiangfan, Hubei), a writer in the Tang Dynasty, was also called "four friends of articles" with Cui Rong, Li Qiao and Su Weidao. His grandson is Du Fu. Du Fu, a native of gongyi city, Henan Province, was a famous realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. People respected him as a poet, a saint and a king. Poems often claim to be young and wild, and their poems show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, which is called "the history of poetry". They are famous for their ancient style and metrical poems, and their styles are diverse, mainly gloomy, including Du Gongbu Collection. Du Mu: Du You's grandson. A famous writer and poet in the Tang Dynasty, later called Xiao Du (to distinguish Lao Du-Du Fu). He has been an official all his life and is conceited that he can help the world. In his poems, he quoted Chen's works. His poems are magnificent and colorful, and his lyric poems are beautiful and moving. There is Fan Chuan's Collected Works, and Li Shangyin is also called a "two-stop poet" in the late Tang Dynasty. Du Xunhe, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, was born in Chizhou (now Taiping, Anhui). Some of his poems reflected the social contradictions and the people's painful situation under the melee between the military and the valve in the late Tang Dynasty, which were prominent at that time, including Tang Fengji. Du Qiong: A native of Wuxian (present-day Jiangsu), he was a painter in the Ming Dynasty. His paintings were the first of its kind.