Who knows the origin of the Italian mafia? What is the reason for its establishment?

Italian Mafia has a history of 100 years. It is the largest, most influential, most closely organized and notorious underworld organization in the world. Italians call it Maffia.

The early mafia was a gang organization composed of sub-lessors of feudal land and their thugs. They used weapons to treat serfs cruelly and killed people like hemp. After entering the19th century, the mafia, which advocated violence from the beginning, quickly turned into a violent criminal group, extorting money and committing all kinds of evils. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Italian mafia has developed into a huge underworld organization, forming a mafia family with blood relationship. They constantly expand their influence and set foot in all walks of life. In order to achieve the evil purpose of plunder and occupation, looting, burning and killing, fighting, kidnapping, shooting and other activities were carried out on a large scale, and gradually one or more mafia gangs whose industries were monopolized by several families were formed. The gang is well-organized, hierarchical, with a clear division of labor, unwritten rules and unique argot and slang. On this basis, various gangs have also set up higher-level committees, which they call honor clubs, to solve the contradictions between gangs.

The monopoly of the industry gradually extended the mafia's sphere of influence to cities and began to contact with the upper bureaucracy. In order to find their associates, they planted henchmen in key government departments. During the election, they even used bribery and violence to monopolize regional votes, manipulate the situation and elect cronies to power. Although there is no clear political program, the mafia often embraces some politicians and their political groups with its strong economic strength and a large number of fugitives. Not only that, the mafia has also strengthened its penetration into the legitimate economy. They invest heavily in industries that can make huge profits, hide illegal sources and may dominate the market. In this way, after money laundering, illegally obtained money enters legal enterprises and reappears in the form of goods and services. Before World War II, during Mussolini's coming to power, he suppressed the Italian mafia in an extremely cruel and bloody way, which made its powerful power almost disappear, but it also unexpectedly promoted the development of the Italian mafia overseas, especially in the United States.

With the influx of immigrants into the Sicilian mafia in the United States, while setting foot on this land, it also brought a set of effective organizational systems and rules of action in Italy here. In addition, the prohibition of alcohol passed by the US Congress in 1920 gave the American underworld organizations unprecedented opportunities for development. They took the opportunity to produce and sell bootleg liquor and accumulated a lot of money. Therefore, the Sicilian mafia has a closer relationship with the American mafia. During World War II, the Allies used the relationship between the United States and the Italian Mafia to successfully land in Sicily, and soon liberated Italy, and the Mafia also got a chance to revive. After World War II, mafia activities became more rampant, and they brought evil to every corner of Italy. However, the good times did not last long. Due to the contradiction between the old mafia and the new mafia, fierce fires frequently occur, and the bodies of mafia members and innocent people fly on the streets. In the 1970s, the neo-mafia finally gained the upper hand, began to engage in drug smuggling, and gradually joined hands with mafia in other countries to carry out illegal activities. These aroused the strong dissatisfaction of the Italian government and people. The mafia brutally killed some policemen and government officials, and an unprecedented anti-mafia wave was launched on a large scale throughout Italy.

Guangming Daily once published an article entitled "The Sicilian Mafia has been transformed", saying that after 10 years of "transformation", the Italian Sicilian Mafia has undergone tremendous changes in organizational system, member institutions and action strategies, and has become a more concealed, ambitious and difficult criminal organization. The article is summarized as follows: Before 1993, the Italian mafia had implemented the strategy of "challenging the regime" and confronting the country head-on. A large number of incorruptible officials representing the will of the country were brutally killed by the mafia, including the famous Italian Justice falcone, Sicilian President matera, former gendarmerie commander and Sicilian Governor General chiesa, who were called "anti-mafia flag" and "living mafia database". The rampant mafia has aroused widespread indignation and resentment. The Italian government issued a series of emergency decrees, set up a national anti-gang organization, mobilized troops to enter Sicily, and launched a comprehensive counterattack against the mafia. 1993/month, 1 month, Lina, the chief criminal of the brutal and violent mafia, was captured, Ommehta (a kind of gang rule of the offensive and defensive alliance) attached to the mafia since ancient times collapsed, and the overwhelming majority of members of its highest leadership organization "Kubra" and thousands of partisans fell into the French Open, and the mafia fell into the deepest crisis in history. At this time, Plovenzano, who has been hiding behind the scenes for a long time and helped Lena, who is now 7 1 year old, become the top leader of the mafia, and made major adjustments and "reforms" to the organizational system, strategy and tactics of the Sicilian mafia. According to the information held by the police, the mafia pyramid structure that lasted for half a century no longer exists. Its grass-roots jurisdiction has been re-divided, the post of district head elected by family leaders and provincial committees has been abolished, and "Kubora" has been replaced by a leadership mechanism similar to the government. The new organizational structure is divided into three levels: the first level consists of Provenzano and six "consultants" who are absolutely loyal to him. These consultants are "experts" in the mafia, who are in charge of drug smuggling, project contracting, finance and armed forces respectively; The second layer is the heavyweights of powerful mafia families in western provinces such as Palermo, Agrichento and Cataniseta. The third layer is all the mafia families in Sicily. After "great reflection", the mafia gave up all actions of "challenging the regime" and adopted "silent strategy" instead. The new strategic points are: avoid infighting and fighting with each other; Infiltrate state institutions in a roundabout way; Concentrate on grabbing wealth and power. Mafia now directly or indirectly controls many enterprises, and some mafia families return to their old businesses more than 20 years ago to carry out large-scale international drug trafficking. Generally speaking, the mafia is very different from the Rina era. This cancer, which has survived and evolved in Sicily for more than four centuries, will be difficult to get rid of in the foreseeable future.