How many people immigrated to China after the Japanese earthquake?

Homeless people after the Great Kanto Earthquake

1 September, 9231day, a major earthquake occurred in kanto region, Japan,143,000 people died. Out of humanitarianism, major countries in the world, including China, have provided assistance to Japan. As a big capitalist country, the United States has donated a lot to Japan, ranking first in the world. As a weak country, China is only a symbolic aid. However, China and the United States have made efforts to varying degrees, but they have been treated in contrast by Japan: Japan eulogizes China, which is truly anti-Japanese, but treats the United States, which really helps Japan, coldly.

What is the reason for this confusing behavior?

Ruins of houses after the Great Kanto Earthquake

First, the anger of Taisho, the Great Kanto Earthquake

1 September, 9231day, an earthquake of magnitude 8.2 suddenly occurred in Xiangmowan area, and the earthquake disaster affected six counties in Guandong. Because the disaster happened at noon, everyone was cooking, and it was still an open flame. Most buildings in Japan are made of wood or paper, so when the earthquake came, the stove collapsed and set the house on fire, and fires broke out all over Kanto.

After the earthquake, the damage rate of buildings in Tokyo and Yokohama reached 85% and 96% respectively, and there were 575,000 houses collapsed and destroyed in these two places. In Tokyo alone, the death toll reached1430,000, the number of injured people exceeded 654.38+10,000, and the number of homeless people exceeded 2 million. Tokyo's economic loss reached more than 810.50 billion yen, and Yokohama's was 700 million yen. Together with the losses in other disaster areas, * * * has exceeded 1, 010.50 billion yen. Adding state-owned property such as roads, railways, electric wires and trams, the loss was 65.438+37 billion yuan, accounting for 65.438+06.5438+52 billion yuan.

Yokohama under the Great Kanto Earthquake

The Japanese mainstream media Asahi Shimbun reported bitterly after the earthquake:? In the decade of Taisho (the year of the earthquake), Japan's wealth was 80 billion, and an earthquake caused 2/8 losses, and the affected population reached 6 million. ?

It is obviously impossible to rescue such a great loss and so many people affected by the disaster by the strength of Japan alone. After all, Japan is one of the six capitalist countries, and the major countries represented by the United States have done their best to provide humanitarian assistance for the earthquake in Japan.

Houses collapsed in the Great Kanto Earthquake.

Second, Japan-US relations before 1923

Before the earthquake, in fact, Japan-US relations were on the verge of rupture. 19 At the end of the 20th century, Japan was in a period of rapid development. The land annexation of rural landlords was serious, and the exploitation of urban capitalists was also very serious, causing a large number of young people to live in poverty! These young people, either induced by fellow villagers or for the purpose of pioneering and venturing out to make a living, began to work in the United States on a large scale and gradually immigrated to the United States.

In the United States and Japan

The influx of Japanese has aroused great concern among white people. Japanese people have risen to the yellow race in the Far East, and Japanese culture is different from white culture. Its unique oriental culture has caused Americans to worry about the homogenization of the United States. They think that the Japanese are stubborn, stubborn and unable to assimilate, so they must be rejected. This led to the vigorous anti-Japanese movement in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century.

The anti-Japanese movement has greatly hurt the dignity of the Japanese, so the Japanese people are very dissatisfied with the United States. Coupled with California Land Law 19 13 and Alien Land Law 1920, Americans prohibit all possibilities of acquiring land in the United States and Japan, which directly stifles their basic right to subsistence in the United States and Japan. As soon as the two bills came out, the Japanese people's emotions were aroused, demonstrations continued, and Japan-US relations were actually on the verge of rupture.

Japanese deported in the United States

Three. Sino-Japanese relations before 1923

Let's look at Sino-Japanese relations again. Since the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Japan has become the most vicious enemy of the Chinese nation. Although China's bourgeois reformers and revolutionaries, such as Zheng, Kang Liang and Sun Yat-sen, all have illusions about Japan, with the promulgation of Article 21, Japan's endless face of China has been exposed, especially after World War I, Japan's greed for Shandong, its smearing of the May 4th Movement and its own ambitions have been more bluntly announced to the world, which has led to a sharp deterioration in Sino-Japanese relations, and China has a great affection for Japan.

Article 21 Place of negotiation

Fourth, China and the United States donated money to Japan.

As soon as the Great Kanto Earthquake broke out on September 1 Japan, the United States immediately received a report and took the lead in expressing its position. The next day, it took the initiative to raise food in the Philippines and was ready to help Japan at any time. US President Coolidge personally sent a message of condolences to Japan and called for donations to the United States.

On the 3rd, the State Council once again issued a presidential appeal, calling on the American people to give Japanese aid. The article says? The whole country is immersed in the pain of losing life and property. I urgently appeal to the American people to help and relieve the unfortunate Japanese people. ? And claimed that. In order to maximize the coordination and effective management of disaster relief funds, it is suggested that all donations be sent to the local Red Cross? . Coolidge instructed the US troops in the Far East on the same day: they can join the disaster relief when Japan needs it, and they can use naval warships to transfer Japanese victims.

American President Coolidge

According to the figures released by the American Red Cross, the United States donated more than10 million dollars at that time. Asahi shimbun announced that the American red cross donated10 million yen to Japan, and American scholar John K. Emerson's The Eagle and the Rising Sun: America and Japan in the 20th century said that the Red Cross spent $4 million on disaster relief.

China, at that time, was in the period of warlord scuffle, and the country was divided and in chaos. Is it possible to give aid to Japan that is not * * *? Needless to say, it is really helpful. The hatred of the people against Japan is a private matter of the people, and the official courtesy exchanges between Zhang and Beiyang government are still necessary.

Zhang in film and television dramas.

Beiyang government took the lead in donating 200,000 cash and 300,000 stone rice, and called on all localities to donate. Due to the local separatist regime, warlords all over the country pay for themselves, ranging from 10 thousand to 1000 yuan, which is really difficult to count. Among them, Zhang not only called on the people of Northeast China to donate money, but also personally sent medical staff of the Red Cross to Japan, which was the most enthusiastic about disaster relief in Japan. China folk also actively participated in fundraising, but the total amount of funds was far less than that of the United States.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) The response of Chinese and American donations in Japan

China and the United States were the first countries to help Japan, which gave Japan a good warm heart. Asahi Shimbun reported the aid situation of various countries for several months, but only mentioned China, Britain and the United States, among which Britain was attached behind the rest of the world, and obviously only regarded Britain as the representative of the rest of the world. What the Japanese media really want to mention is only China and the United States. Newspapers have completely different attitudes towards China and the United States. In a word, out of politeness, they thanked the United States coldly and lightly, but eulogized China instead.

For example, Asahi Shimbun, June 65438+1 October1:Zhina, who has a high voice against Japan, expressed her condolences and assistance to China. At the same time, the article highly praised China's humanitarian spirit and selfless spirit, and established China as a typical and highest realm of humanitarianism. In the Asahi Shimbun of 6543810.2, it only said that it was grateful to the United States for its assistance to our people. This kind of stepping and holding really made America sad for a while.