Plant Appreciation of Xi 'an Botanical Garden in Shaanxi Province

Latin scientific name: Sequoia Taibai

Family name: Pinaceae Pinaceae

Deciduous trees Leaves linear, clustered on short branches. The cones are oval and rectangular, red at first, then purple-blue or taupe. Specially produced in the mountainous area above 2500 meters above sea level in Qinling area. This tree is vigorous and beautiful, with lush foliage, and it is an important ornamental tree species in Qinling area. Datura stramonium is one of the solanaceae plants. Solanaceae plants are widely distributed all over the world, but especially in South America. There are about 96 genera and 2300 ~ 2950 species of medium-sized plants (Overview of Angiosperms in China, 2003, Wu Zhengyi, etc. According to this book, Datura belongs to Datura of Solanaceae. This family includes Datura and bruggeman. The former is about 9 ~ 1 1 species. It is generally believed that it originated in southern North America or North and South America and widely escaped, but some people hold different opinions. The latter includes about 15 species of plants, so it is determined that it is mainly produced in South America, especially {Andean} is its diversity distribution center.

A {Datura stramonium} plant, ranging from herbs to small trees, has undivided leaves, large solitary flowers, long funnel-shaped corollas and butterfly-shaped flower heads, which are folded in half in the bud, with 5 stamens, 2 locules as big as the false diaphragm but not completely 4, and the calyx tube is annularly broken from the top of the base, and the capsule has prickles and petals open. The important difference between {Datura} and {Datura} is that there are no herbs, but all shrubs or trees, with hanging flowers, calyx falling off in a bud shape, smooth fruit, irregular tissue cracking, fleshy fruit, and fruit characteristics transition to aeration in {Datura}.

Because most of the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds of both {Datura} and {Datura woody} plants contain mycin, especially the seeds are the most toxic; Its toxic effects mainly come from alkaloids similar to atropine, such as scopolamine, scopolamine and a small amount of atropine. The anesthetic effect is mainly scopolamine.

Scopolamine can relax human muscles and inhibit sweat gland secretion. The initial symptoms are thirst, urinary retention, dry mouth, rapid heartbeat and delirium. In the late stage, it is slow breathing, fever, general convulsions, coma and even death. Therefore, many scholars advocate that the two should not be separated and merged into Datura.

The plants contained in Datura also arouse the excitement of the central nervous system. People who eat by mistake will feel thirsty, palpitations and dizziness at first, then hallucinations, hallucinations and hallucinations, and finally convulsions and coma, which can be fatal in severe cases. In China's classical novels, {Ecstasy} in Elvis Presley and {Ecstasy} in Water Margin are all made of Datura. Although Datura stramonium is always used as a tool to kill people for money in classical novels, it can also be used as an anesthetic and analgesic to relieve pain as long as the dosage is well controlled. "Compendium of Materia Medica" records that {this flower is picked in August, hemp seed flower is picked in July, dried flower is divided into powder, hot wine is two yuan, and the child is drunk. It is appropriate to take this to cut sores and moxibustion first, but it won't feel bitter. It can be seen that the ancients used Datura flower and twist wine to take it very early as an anesthetic for surgery!

Looking through China's medical history, we can also find that Hua Tuo, the originator of surgery more than two thousand years ago, insisted that patients drink "Ma Boiling Decoction" before operation. Soon after drinking it, the patient will be in a coma, and at this time, surgery can be performed. The main ingredient of this hemp boiling soup is also Datura flower.

According to the theory of Chinese medicine, Datura stramonium leaves and seeds are effective for asthma, cough and neuralgia. Western medicine believes that atropine contained in it can treat Parkinson's disease, peptic ulcer, diarrhea, asthma and so on. , but the dose must be accurate. If it exceeds the safe range, it is very easy to cause poisoning. In the west, Datura's toxic ingredients have earned it nicknames such as] (The Devil's Trump and) (The Sting Apple), and it also has a very unique place name-Jamestown Island. Its origin is that during the period of 1607, a few pioneers went to Jamestown Island, Virginia, USA, and found that there was a deep fjord for ships to enter and leave, with a very wide field of vision, which was convenient to guard against the attack of Spanish conquerors. What's better, there are no aborigines there, so they think they are lucky to find the ideal outpost.

However, it didn't take long for them to find that this island is not only full of mosquitoes, dirty salt water, but also full of plants with beautiful flowers. When they are hungry, they reach out and eat, which is very attractive. As a result, the pickers first had hallucinations, and then died of convulsions and respiratory failure. The death was gruesome and left a very painful impression on the immigrants.

About 70 years later, British soldiers landed on the island to suppress the first rebellion of the new colony, and the immigrants immediately remembered the painful experience of their ancestors. When this poisonous plant was discovered, it was secretly added to the soldiers' food. Maybe they just want to get the upper hand in this battle. The dose didn't poison the British soldiers, but made them crazy 1 1 day.

Historians recorded the situation of British soldiers at that time, saying: {one blew feathers into the sky one by one, and the other threw straw at them angrily; There is also a naked monkey sitting in the corner, grinning and making faces at people; The other one is even more disgusting, running around kissing his compatriots. It is this story that gave Datura a nickname {Jamestown Grass}, which later evolved into {Gimson Grass}.

Are people curious animals, such as Datura stramonium, a notorious poisonous weed, or do some people take risks to do some experiments. An amateur drug researcher once wrote about his experience of trying Datura. He said: The most terrible thing about this journey was that I couldn't breathe and had to use the diaphragm to help me, which made me feel very tired. This situation lasted all night.

On 1983, a Canadian lady tried to season Datura seeds and add them to hamburger patties. After eating them, she fainted quickly, and it took 24 hours to wake up and explain what she had done to the doctor, which led to her husband being hospitalized together and returning home three days later.

On June 2006, 5438+065438+ 10, 76-year-old Mrs. Jiang, who lives in Hangzhou, was sent to the emergency room of Hangzhou Central Hospital and was diagnosed as Datura poisoning by emergency doctors. After some rescue, the old man was finally out of danger. Afterwards, Mrs. Jiang explained the situation: after autumn, her limbs often hurt and she didn't want to see a doctor. She overheard my elder sister say that eating Datura fruit can get rid of illness and relieve pain. One day before going to bed, my joints were sore again, so I took out a Datura from home, peeled off the prickly fruit, took out the black seeds inside and ate five in a row. Half an hour later, the old man began to vomit violently. By the time the son who lives next door came, he had fallen to the ground, his eyes turned white, his teeth were clenched, and he was incontinent, which showed that he was toxic and fast! Datura is a Buddhist term transliterated from Sanskrit Datura, or Datura, Datura, Datura. A meaningful rim, party, Dojo, etc. , gather and respect the virtues, and sacrifice them; Tibetans also generally call it the most precious treasure in the world, which is filled with 3,000 treasures dedicated to Buddhism, Buddhism and monks as sacrifices to Datura. It can be seen that in Buddhism, {Datura} is a very solemn and noble activity.

Legend has it that in the Buddhist country in the western paradise, the sky is often filled with natural medicines, and the ground is decorated with gold. A very fragrant and beautiful {Datura flower} falls from the sky day and night, which is very colorful. Guangqun Fangpu quoted Hokkekyo as saying: When the Buddha said it, he went to Datura. It seems that this flower has something to do with Buddhism. But as long as we investigate further, that is, we know that this {Datura} is not that {Datura} and cannot be confused.

According to the Buddhist dictionary (1970, Ruicheng Bookstore), the {Datura} flower in Hokkaido means {Yi Shi} or {Baihua}. In other words, everyone who sees it will feel happy. It includes insight into the dim and bright spirit, transcendental consciousness and infinite illusion. People with this spirit can become {Datura Fairy}.

Speaking of {Datura Fairy}, there are real people in the history of Buddhism. According to the dictionary of Buddhist culture (Du Jiwen et al. , 2003), {Datura Xian} was a Buddhist monk in the Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties, and a Samana who helped the South (now Cambodia). In the second year of Tian Jian, Liang Wudi (503), King Funan sent him to China with many Buddhist scriptures and coral statues. Liang Wudi (502-549) also ordered him to translate many important Buddhist classics, such as Baoyun Sutra, Dharma-Chinese Body Sutra and Manjusri Bodhisattva Rama Sutra.

{Datura} Art originated from Buddhism and was discovered by psychologist Jung. He said that it is like a symbol of a mathematical formula and represents a spiritual order. Japanese Quan Hong further systematized it and wrote a book "Memo Skills of Datura Changing Life" with his spirit, which not only deconstructed the notes about Datura step by step, but also taught Datura the philosophy of "integrating, collecting and discarding", which included the famous 80/20 rule, and believed that the final result would be the essence. At the same time, it also provides readers with a new value concept, that is, the original intention of mandala notes is to question.

Because there is doubt, so find a way; Re-recognize because of ignorance. First of all, it is never too late. Make memos according to Datura's life notes method to deal with all kinds of doubts in study and work, and inspiration naturally keeps pouring out.

Nowadays, the word {Datura} has been widely used in various learning fields, such as {Datura Network}, {Datura Timetable} and {Datura Thinking Method}. In today's highly information-based society, Datura Life Notes seem to have gradually become the best tool for study and work, and will become an important course for modern people. Datura stramonium is also known in the plant world as Maple Eggplant Flower (Shanghai), Dog Walnut (Yunnan), Peach Blossom (Fujian), Datura, Datura, Datura, Datura, Datura, Datura, Datura, Datura, Datura, Datura, Datura. In addition to the above, the English name is also called angel's trumpet. Most of them are wild in fields, ditches, roadsides, river banks, hillsides and other places. They are native to India, but when it comes to North America. According to the list of exotic ornamental plants in Taiwan Province Province (1976, Chen Deshun et al. ), which was first introduced to Taiwan Province Province by Mr. Xu Hongyuan on 1957, is now only planted sporadically in various places.

Datura stramonium stems are stout and erect, with a plant height of 50 ~ 150 cm. The whole plant is smooth and hairless, and sometimes the young leaves are thin. The upper half is usually bifurcated. Leaves alternate, broadly ovate, irregularly wavy or sparsely toothed, with long stalks. Veins sparsely pubescent. Flowers solitary or branched; Calyx 5-toothed tube, corolla funnelform, white to purple. Capsule erect, with fleshy spines on the surface, oval. The seeds are slightly flat, kidney-shaped and dark brown.

It should be noted that it is very similar to Datura Maertel. [Datura metel] is often confused with its name. According to the book History of Materia Medica and Poisonous Herbs in Taiwan Province Province (1994, Yang Zaiyi), [Datura stramonium] originated in India, and it was easy to be seen near farmhouses and coastal wasteland in southern Taiwan Province Province before 1940, but its wild plants suddenly disappeared on the island of Taiwan Province Province after 1985, and can only be seen in Lan Yu wasteland. In the past, people used it to treat cough and asthma in the elderly, and dried flowers and leaves were mixed with tobacco to smoke. Because smoking too much can lead to madness, it is also called {eliminating flowers}. Its nickname is metel, which is also the ancient Greek name of belladonna.

The main differences between Datura stramonium and Datura stramonium flowers are that the calyx tube of Datura stramonium is pentagonal, the corolla is 6 ~ 10 cm long, and the fruit is upright and oval; The latter has a cylindrical calyx tube, a corolla length of 14 ~ 20 cm, and the fruit is transverse, nearly spherical or flat. In addition to the above-mentioned medicinal purposes, Datura stramonium is often planted in gardens for viewing because of its beautiful flowers. It is a common greening plant in Taiwan Province Province. Brugmansia is an annual or biennial species with straight loam flowers, which is mainly propagated by cutting. Most tree species are extremely healthy, with few pests and diseases, and the cultivated soil is informal, and they like fertilizer. Loam rich in organic matter is the most suitable for growth, whether it is full sunshine or half sunshine. It grows very fast, and because of its high stems, half of it is used in corners and walls, thinking that it depends on growth. After planting, if there are too few branches, you can top-dressing once to promote more branches and flowers. During the growth and flowering period, more decomposed natural fertilizers can be applied to prolong the flowering and fruiting period, and pruning should be carried out after flowering to control its growth and height, which is convenient for viewing and management.

Some species, such as Datura, Datura flower and Datura flower, are also commonly used floral materials.

Datura stramonium stems are stout and erect, with a plant height of 50 ~ 150 cm. The whole plant is smooth and hairless, and sometimes the young leaves are thin. The upper half is usually bifurcated. Leaves alternate, broadly ovate, irregularly wavy or sparsely toothed, with long stalks. Veins sparsely pubescent. Flowers solitary or branched; Calyx 5-toothed tube, corolla funnelform, white to purple. Capsule erect, with fleshy spines on the surface, oval. The seeds are slightly flat, kidney-shaped and dark brown.

In a word, Datura stramonium is a wide and beautiful plant. As long as you know its nature, don't eat casually, and keep the habit of washing your hands before eating after contact, you can avoid poisoning. Don't let anyone misreport the accident, do you think? Magnolia grandiflora Also known as Buxus macrophylla, it belongs to Magnolia of Magnoliaceae.

Evergreen trees, with dark green leaves, fragrant flowers in early summer and short flowering period of 2-3 days, are precious garden ornamental trees. Native to Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other places in China. Magnolia grandiflora is a precious tree species cultivated in subtropical zone, with wide adaptability and tolerance to extensive management. It is a famous ornamental tree species in gardens, and its age can reach thousands of years. Introduced to Xi 'an, it is overgrown and can blossom and bear fruit normally in Xi 'an, which reflects the trend of global warming.

Magnolia grandiflora is also a so-called "short-lived" Buddhist sacred flower. Euonymus is Sanskrit, literally translated as "auspicious and supernatural flower".

At the entrance of the solemn and fragrant ancient temple or in the courtyard, people often see magnolia trees, which are majestic, lush foliage, shady and big leaves, lotus flowers in full bloom and fragrant. It not only brings coolness and fragrance to tourists, but also adds a bit of mystery to the temple. Dense branches naturally spread around, and broad and thick green leaves covered the branches, dancing like a big umbrella, tightly covering the courtyards and temples. From June to July, among the green leaves, there is a milky white flower with a big bowl opening, and nine flowers are spread out, with a columnar aggregate fruit standing upright in the middle, just like Sakyamuni Buddha sitting on a rosette, which is probably the reason why Magnolia Officinalis has become a sacred tree of Buddhism. galangal

Alpinia of Zingiberaceae

Perennial herb, 30- 1 10cm high. Rhizomes are cylindrical, cross-sectional, brownish red, with a diameter of 1- 1.5cm, jointed, with annular membranous scales on the nodes, and take root at the nodes. Stems clustered and erect. Leaves sessile or subsessile; The leaf blade is linear-lanceolate, with a length of 15-30cm and a width of 1.5-2.5cm, the tip or tail tip is tapered, the base is tapered, the whole edge is covered, and both sides are hairless; Leaf sheaths open, holding stems, with membranous edges; The tongue is membranous, 2-3 cm long and undivided. The raceme is terminal and erect, 6- 15cm long, and the inflorescence axis is tomentose; Calyx tubular, tube length 8- 14 mm, apex irregularly 3-lobed; Corolla tube funnel-shaped, about 65438 0 cm long, corolla lobes 3, oblong, white with red stripes, about 2 cm long; Lateral staminodes conical; The developing stamen is 1, about 1.6cm long, and it is born above the throat of corolla tube. Ovary 3-loculed, densely villous, slender style, 2 cylindrical nectaries below the base, stigma 2-lipped. The capsule is spherical, non-cracking, about 65438±0.2cm in diameter, covered with fluff, and orange-red when mature. Seed aril, obtuse and angular, brown. The flowering period is April to September, and the fruiting period is August-165438+1October.

Erythrina is a small shrub or tree with pinnately compound leaves, 3 leaflets and sometimes downward spines on the petiole. Leaflets rhomboid-ovate, sometimes with thorns on the lower midvein. Racemes are axillary. Flowers short pedunculate, spreading or slightly bent, calyx bell-shaped, corolla red, narrow and long, nearly closed, flag petal narrow and oblong, wing petal short, about 1/3 of the length of flag petal, keel petal slightly longer than wing petal. Stamens vary in length and are dimorphic (9+ 1). Pods are cylindrical, with beaks and fruit stalks.

Bauhinia is an evergreen medium-sized tree. Its leaves are round, oval or kidney-shaped, but the top is divided into two halves, which looks like bauhinia, hence the name. The flower is as big as the palm of your hand, slightly fragrant, and the five petals are evenly arranged in turns, either red or pink, which is very beautiful. Bauhinia is evergreen and luxuriant all year round, which is quite resistant to smoke and dust, especially suitable for street trees; Bark contains tannin, which can be used as tanning material and dye; Roots, bark and flowers can also be used as medicine.