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What are the customs in Ankang?
First, natural conditions, people's feelings and folk customs determine the prosperity of Ankang dragon boat custom.
Ankang dragon boat custom has a long history, which is an important cultural brand with Ankang personality culture genes left by Ankang ancestors, that is, intangible culture. This kind of cultural custom and competition form has been deeply rooted in people's hearts, and Ankang people pay no less attention to it than the Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15.
Historically, the concentration points of Ankang Dragon Boat Race are Shiquan County, Ziyang County, Liushui Town, Lanhekou, Shitigudu, Shuhe County and Baihe County. In the new era, Dragon Boat Festival and Dragon Boat Race are both located on the riverside of Ankang City. The upper part of Dujing Hanjiang River Basin is Yuehekou and the lower part is Huangyang Estuary. The river is 580 meters wide, with gentle water flow and loess hills on both sides.
Ankang was under the jurisdiction of Liangzhou in ancient times, and it belonged to Bayong State in Yin and Zhou Dynasties. When King Wu attacked Zhou, Ba Yong took part in the battle, so there is a record that "Ba Shi was brave and fierce, singing and dancing with Lingyin people". Qin Huiwen and Wang established Xicheng County in 13. After Qin unified the six countries, Hanzhong County was designated as the upper reaches of Hanshui River, leading to 12 County, which is now Zhongdutai in Jiangbei, Ankang City. Xicheng County and Hanning County were divided into two parts in Jian 'an 2 1 year in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the eastern part was assigned to Jingzhou. The Western Wei Dynasty abolished the emperor for three years and founded the country. Because the Hanjiang River is rich in bran gold, it was named Jinzhou, which was changed to Xing 'an House in Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty and promoted to Xing 'an House in Qianlong forty-eight years. The government is still in Ankang city, and a county is set up in the government to take "Anning Kangtai". In 2000, it was renamed "Ankang City" after the land was withdrawn to set up a city.
Ankang has been called "An Lan Jade House" since ancient times. As early as the Tang Dynasty, the embankment of Ankang City was built. During the reign of Song Xining, Wanchun Dike was built, and Wanli 1 1 year in the Ming Dynasty. In order to avoid floods, a new city was set up in the south of the old city. Ankang has always been a traffic fortress. Meridian Road, Kugu Road connects Chang 'an, Tongchuan and Shu, and Hanjiang River connects Hanzhong, Jingchu and Wuhan. It is the only golden waterway connecting rivers and seas in Shaanxi. Bai Juyi, Meng Haoran, Han Yu, Lu You and other literati have visited Ankang many times. Modern transportation industry is relatively developed. The intersection of Xikang Line, Xiangyu Line and Anyang Line has formed a modern transportation network connecting Sichuan and Chongqing in the south, Chang 'an in the west, Beijing and Tianjin in the north and Huguang in the east.
The unique geographical location, long history, abundant output and huge population flow provide favorable conditions for dragon boat racing.
Second, the historical origin of Ankang dragon boat custom
Dragon boat race is a folk activity in Ankang, which has a long history in Hanshui River Basin. Ankang Dragon Boat Race was formed in Ankang City, radiating and influencing the surrounding areas, forming the custom of * * * *.
There are records about dragon boats in Ankang during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. There are many other historical records. According to Wang Xishun's "Rebuilding Xing 'an Mansion Records Volume II Historical Records" in the thirty-fourth year of Xing 'an Mansion in Kangxi, "Wangjianglou: the south bank of Han Dynasty, which was crossed by the former people, is now abandoned. "Based on this, we can launch the time and custom of dragon boat race in Ankang, which was very large and lively at least in the Ming Dynasty, and at that time it had risen to be an official activity.
"Rebuilding the Records of Xing 'an County, Volume II, Customs Records" records: "Duanyang, the governor led his men to watch the game, which is called stepping on the stone. About the grand occasion of dragon boat race, there is such a record in the "Shiquan County Records and Customs" in the 26th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi ... Guleying Street, red stone willow green wormwood, life is like a tiger symbol, nurturing the future. The bureaucratic commandant sat on the ship and urged the commander to watch the dragon boat race. Men and women crowded the shore, canoes pulled boats carrying singers and dancers, and the gentry's homes in the city were also crowded ... Look around and be overwhelmed. After a whole day, I fell down and I was tired of swimming. "
With the evolution of the times, dragon boat racing has become an activity widely participated and loved by Ankang people. The dragon boat race began to take shape and the number of people was fixed, and other amusement auction items increased in the dragon boat race appeared. 1932, Shiquan County's "Continuation of Shiquan County Records Folk Festival IX" contained: "There are several dragon boats on the Hanshui River, with about twenty or thirty people on board, waving flags and beating drums, each holding a piece of wood, rowing in unison, like arrows flying. Running up and down, throwing ducks and winning the bid, cheers are endless. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, Ankang drew lots for four consecutive days from the third day to the sixth day of the fifth lunar month every year, and dozens of men, women and children watched the dragon boat, sometimes forming a grand occasion for holding a torch race. June 2 1946 Xing 'an Daily recorded that there were ten dragon boats on the Dragon Boat Festival that year, and the battle was fierce. The audience is like a cloud, and the river street from Xiguan to Xiaobeimen is completely blocked.
In the 1950s, in addition to the spontaneous dragon boat race among the people, the government also organized the masses to compete. 1958 Duanyang Festival, Ankang County People's Government held a large-scale "Ankang Dragon Boat Race", rowing dragon boats for more than ten miles along the river surface of Ankang City, and the banks of the Han River were like forests.
In the early 1960s, there were also spontaneous dragon boat races every year. However, since the beginning of the Cultural Revolution ten years ago, this traditional folk custom has been regarded as the "four old" and its activities have been suspended.
199 1 The former county-level Ankang Municipal People's Government held the "Ankang Dragon Boat Race" at Duanyang Festival. At that time, 18 teams from various street offices, enterprises, institutions and government agencies in Ankang participated in the competition.
After entering the new century, in order to carry forward the traditional culture of Ankang and build the brand of dragon boat culture, Comrade Xu Shanlin, the old leader of Ankang nationality, proposed to hold the "Ankang Dragon Boat Festival" in June 2000, so that this traditional folk activity can be integrated with modern factors and carried forward in the new era.
Third, the basic content of Ankang dragon boat custom
Dragon boat race, as a folk custom, integrates sacrifice, blessing, competition, fighting spirit and honor, and has its own set of programs and competition methods.
1, raise funds. Fundraisers are organized by local "leaders" or heads of households. In short, the dragon boat race is everyone's business. Everyone pays, gives things, paddles, and there is no reward.
2. Sacrifice the dragon boat. There are two ways to sacrifice dragon boats. One way is to sacrifice dragon boats in the temple where the old dragon heads are placed. All rowers are required to "clean themselves" three days before the sacrifice. The general ritual procedure is to open the gongs and drums Dojo first, then the "dragon head" worships the incense of three pillars, and the rowers worship the incense in turn, knocking three times and worshiping nine times. "Dragon Head" or "squire" read the eulogy: "It's dark and yellow, and the festival lasts until sunset, and dragon boats are sacrificed to ancestors ... Hanshui soup, dragon boats make trouble on the river, and the weather is always good and healthy ..." After the eulogy, some flower drum words should be sung, and then the rowers will take good care of the dragon head and swim across the river. The other is to install the dragon head festival, except that the procedure is the same as the first one. The difference is that the dragon boat won in the first year should be worshipped by the loser. After the worship, the rower of this dragon boat will sail around the boat for 369, then take the EPP headband and carry it down the river.
3. Launching ceremony. The dragon boat launching ceremony was grand, and there were incense tables on the scene, including pig heads, sheep heads, cattails, zongzi and seasonal melons and fruits. Procedurally speaking, the drums and bells are rung first, and then the salute is made. At the beginning of the launching ceremony, a big rooster was slaughtered, chicken blood was dripped in front of the incense table, and then it was thrown into the river, which was called "chicken drop", meaning "good luck". Before the dragon boat was launched, the "dragon head" shouted the horn of launching and rowers pushed the dragon boat into the water.
4. competition The competition is divided into water race, water race, cross-bank race, circle race, championship race, duck race and so on. There are two kinds of championship games. One is to plant a bamboo flag in the river, grab it first and win. One is to throw a buoy into the river, which is very slippery. Whoever gets on the boat first will win. Catch the duck-pluck the hair from the duck's head, sprinkle it with salt powder and throw it into the river. When ducks see that salt hurts, they will dive into the water. All players will catch ducks in the water. Whoever grabs more is a warrior, and which boat wins.
5. Draw the right one. Ankang Dragon Boat Race has a special rival rowing. There is a folk proverb in Ankang that "it is better to be in famine for three years than to lose the boat in one year", which shows that winning or losing the dragon boat has an inspiring effect on people's spirit.
6. Laugh when you win. After the competition between opponents, the losing side sings carols, kowtows, bows or apologizes to the winning side, and worships the winning side's dragon boat. The winner proudly accepted the congratulations, but also challenged the next year. The loser is not to be outdone, which means that the game will be played again next year, and then the two sides will make up.
Four, Ankang Dragon Boat Festival customs related appliances and products.
1, dragon boat making. 1 material. The real dragon boat is made of Chinese fir, which is a good material with a tree age of more than 30 years. There are strict regulations on nails on board, one ship 120 kg of nails and 60 kg of tung oil. 20 Jin of flax, 5 knives of leather paper, and three times of scraping with lime 100 Jin; ② Specifications and dimensions. The real dragon is 3 feet 2 feet long (about 10.56 meters) and 4 feet 8 inches wide (10.6 meters). 3 shape. 12 warehouse, two people in each warehouse. The dragon head and dragon tail are wood carvings, the same color as the hull. There are two pillars in the middle of the ship, and fixed drums are pulled by ropes at the bow and stern. There is a wooden frame fixed gong in the third position behind the middle warehouse.
2. Accessories. A radial one, made of a slender bamboo pole with a feather duster at the end. The radial hand stood at the bow and waved in the direction. When fierce, the radial hand flies up and down very well. Each has 1 gongs and drums. Drummers beat according to the rhythm of the radial hand; 24 paddles, about 3 feet 6 inches long. The top is T-shaped, and the blade is 1' 5 "long and about 6" wide. 1 team flag; 1 rudder.
3. fake dragon boat. Also known as Hunjianglong, it is 2 feet long and 4 feet wide, with different widths. Articles are the same as real dragons, but the oars depend on the number of people. There are also some fake dragons competing in rowing boats, and the number of rowing boats ranges from 8 to 12, so the supply depends on the number of rowing boats.
4. Accessories and supplies. The accessories of Ankang dragon boat custom include buoys, ducks, sachets, zongzi, mugwort leaves, atractylodes rhizome, incense table, pig head, cow head, sheep head, rooster and carp.
Five, the basic characteristics of Ankang dragon boat custom
Dragon boat races began to multiply in the Han Dynasty, and the custom of competitive races began to form in the Song Dynasty. It has been circulated for more than 2,000 years and is deeply loved by people, forming a distinctive feature.
1, Dragon Boat Festival has become a folk custom in Ankang. The core value orientation of dragon boat race custom is the worship of patriotism and the memory of the sages, accompanied by the social psychology of praying for peace.
2. The reason why the dragon boat race is enduring is that it has a broad mass base; Second, it integrates totem worship, patriotism and the participation, competitiveness, appreciation and folklore of the masses; Third, the competition can strengthen the body, gather people's hearts and win their hearts.
3. Compared with other places, Ankang Dragon Boat Race has obvious characteristics. One is the difference in dragon boat making. The second is the different ways of competition. Third, there is a speaker, which is both practical and ornamental.
Ankang Dragon Boat Race is the longest dragon boat race in the history of China. In addition, the historical origin of Qin Chu in Ankang and the migration factors of Huguang in Ming and Qing Dynasties are all related to Jingchu Dragon Boat Race, especially Qu Yuan's exile in Hanshui River Basin, which makes Ankang Dragon Boat Race more memorable to Qu Yuan.
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