The origin of "Teng" surname?

Teng has a long history, which can be traced back to its origin. There are different opinions about the appearance of the word "Teng". Speaking of' Teng', it is ancient, and the inscriptions unearthed in Tengzhou have been proved. Shuo Wen: Teng, Tian Qiye. "Cang Xie": "Also on the shore." All refer to other places. Er Ya Shi Bao: "Empty." It's the same as ditch pit and ditch pool. Because Teng and Luo are homophonic, the ancient classics take Luo as a fake and take the meaning of surging spring tide. In fact, we should take Teng as our right. Second, there is no "Teng" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Is it "Teng" in the classics, or "?" From water and bronze inscriptions. From the fire. "Tengxuzhi Jinshizhi" contains: "Tengguihu" rubbings:? Tigers dare to make a fuss ... "In 1978, the inscription" Teng Gongwei "unearthed in Zhuanglixi Village, Tengxian County (now Zhuanglixi Village, Jiangtun Town, Tengzhou) read:" I am a monk (work)? (Teng) Bao Gong? Yi. Or "? "When it is the emblem of the Yi fire totem clan, because it worships Vulcan, it takes the power of fire as the symbol of its clan. Later, due to the settlement and founding of the country handed down from generation to generation, soldiers, farmers and sacrificial vessels were further developed, so we inherited the names of our ancestors and carved our surnames on the vessels, named "?" . Because the Guteng area is surrounded by mountains, lush vegetation and rich water resources, it is suitable for clan people to settle down. However, in the summer flood season, all the water in the eastern mountainous areas was injected, which exceeded the resistance of the clan and tribe, and it turned into "Teng" when it came to heaven and earth and the gods. All versions of Teng Zhi say, "Teng Zhe is also famous for taking water."

According to Xu Chenyun in Guoyu, "There are 25 cases of Huangdi, with 14 surnames, a total of 12 surnames", including Teng's. Shandong Tongzhi feudalism: "Feng Teng, the tenth son of the Yellow Emperor." Records call it "Huang Di Teng". According to the records of the Yellow Emperor, it was the earliest Teng family. According to legend, the Yellow Emperor was the leader of the tribal alliance of northern clans in ancient China. Later (about 5,000 years ago), this tribal alliance went south to the Yellow River valley and merged with the foreign people (or Teng's family) who originally lived in the East, that is, the ancestors who settled in this area-Shuijing (now famous Chenghe) moved from primitive society to slave society, so it was "Teng".

During the Yin Dynasty, Teng was a state-owned Teng Bo, whose name was Teng Weidi. According to "Historical Records Textual Research", "There was a famous scholar Teng Bo in Yin Dynasty, who was also a descendant of the Yellow Emperor, and his lineage was not tested." According to the name of "Bo" in Chinese ancient books, he is the leader of the ruling party. "Ci Yuan" notes: "Governor Yin is called an uncle". This shows that Tengdi used to be the land of Guteng tribe. "Continued Teng County Records" said: "The Teng family was sealed by the Yellow Emperor, which went through Tang Yao, Yu Shun and Xia Yin until the end of Shang Dynasty." But I don't know the details, and there is no test today. What I said should reflect such a historical fact: at the end of primitive society, one clan in the tribal clan alliance headed by the Yellow Emperor belonged to Teng. The fact that the Yellow Emperor has twenty-five or twenty-four sons does not necessarily mean that the Yellow Emperor himself has so many children. It reflects that he had reached the patriarchal clan system at that time, and every surname from the Yellow Emperor only refers to a tribal clan under the leadership of the Yellow Emperor. It can be seen that "Teng was already a country in the early days of China's history entering a slave country."

Teng in the Zhou Dynasty: There is a clear record in the literature of Teng Guo's early seal: the history book: Shu Shu Embroidery (Han Shu Geography) cited the ancient teacher. The wrong uncle embroidered rattan. Genealogy: "Teng, Ji surname. King Wen embroidered it by mistake and sealed it as Rutten. Gongqiu County, Pei County also. " Shi Ben (Qin Jia Mo Ben) said: "After the 14th son of Zhou Wenwang Teng Hou, the descendants took the country as their surname". "History of Han Geography" Yan Shigu's note: "The book is also called,' wrong uncle embroidered, gentleman wrote'". According to these documents, we can know that the founder of Tengguo in Zhou Dynasty was Cuoshu Xiuqi, the son of King Wen, and was named Tengguo in Zhou Dynasty.

According to Zuo Zhuan, the territory of Tengguo is said to be a perfect match. Mencius, Hui Liang and Wang Xia: "Teng, a small country, between Qi and Chu." According to the preface (continued) of "A Textual Research on the Territorial Changes of the Seventh Warring States Period", "Teng is in the southwest of tengxian, bordering Ni in the east, Zou (Si) in the north and Lu in the south and west."

Due to the lack of documentary records, little is known about Tengguo's history in the Western Zhou Dynasty, except the initial seal of Tengguo. However, according to archaeological data, at least 64 cultural sites have been discovered in Tengdi during the Western Zhou Dynasty, reflecting the density of Tengguo's population during the Western Zhou Dynasty. Archaeologists collected bronze dings, stone axes, stone sickles and pottery pots in these sites. In the west of lizhuang village, Jiangtun Town, a tomb in the early Western Zhou Dynasty was also found. Many important handicrafts have been unearthed. It can be proved from here that Teng Di's bronze ware making technology is quite high. Because these appliances are made by Teng, they are probably made locally. If so, it is enough to show that Tengdiye copper industry at that time had a high level of development. If Teng Guo Jun was obtained from other places, then, as the compensation value of bronzes, Teng Guo will also come up with a lot of wealth of considerable value in exchange for gifts. Jade and agate beads were also found in this tomb, indicating that the jade handicraft industry at that time reached a certain level. These important funerary objects reflect the relatively prosperous economic development in Tengguo area. Judging from the cultural relics unearthed in archaeology, the economic development in Gu Teng is quite advanced. The economic level of Tengdi in Shang Dynasty was equal to that of Central Plains. There is a tripod in the tomb of Shang Dynasty in Xu Hong. The shape is the same as that of Shang Dynasty bronze tripod in Central Plains. Of course, its casting location may be outside tengxian. If it is made by Tengdi, it shows that Tengdi's cast copper has reached the level of the Central Plains at that time. If it was cast in the Central Plains, it shows that Tengdi in Shang Dynasty had very close commercial and administrative contacts with the Central Plains or other regions. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Tengguo's handicraft industry was no less than that of the Central Plains, with a fairly dense population and a relatively developed economy. From the above data, it shows that Gutenberg's economic development level is quite high, and its social economy and progress keep pace with the Central Plains.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Tengguo was among the great powers and followed the alliance of great powers. Today you have to face Lu, tomorrow you have to face Song, and one day you have to rely on Jin. Between Qi and Chu, what's the matter? What's the matter? Mencius Liang Wanghui. Seek survival in the cracks of powerful countries, seek survival. Sometimes it is more active to be a supporter of the hegemony of big countries. During the period of hegemony, he once "allied himself in seclusion" with the vassal States headed by Qi. After the defeat of Wei, Di and Qi provided Wei with 5,000 immigrants. "Zuo Zhuan Gong Min Two Years" to help Wei restore the country. Tengnan is adjacent to Song Dynasty, and Song Kingdom is stronger than Tengnan, so it intrudes and bullies from time to time. Teng He (19th year of Chunqiu Gong) was arrested in a short activity. Under the coercion of Song Dynasty, Teng Guo participated in the conquest of Zheng by the vassal states headed by Song Dynasty (in the 22nd year of the Spring and Autumn Period). In Gong Xuan's nine or ten years, the State of Song conquered Tengguo twice with the death of Tengzhaogong as an excuse. In the twenty-seventh year of Xianggong, the Song Dynasty took Teng as its own country, not in the same breath as its "alliance". During the hegemonic period, Teng Guo was an ally of Kim. Besides attending the meetings with China held by the vassal states headed by Chu in the past four years, Teng Guo also actively supported many foreign affairs and conquests hosted by Kim. Tenglu's relationship has always been good. Zuo Gong's Three Years records that Mu Shu, a native of Lu, said that Cao Teng never forgot himself for two years, and Teng regarded Lu as "worshipping the country" (Mencius on Teng Wengong) and met Lu Hou many times. When Teng and Xue argued for a long time, Lu supported Teng Guo (Zuo Zhuan lived in seclusion for eleven years). Since then, while Teng Xue did whatever he wanted,

During the Warring States period, Tengguo developed rapidly. According to the Records of Hanshu Geography, it spread to Teng Wengong in thirty-one years. According to Historical Records: "Wen Gong is the son, Yuan Hong is the son, Li Zi is the son, and Zi Li is the son, so it is called" Wen Gong ". Wen Gong hired Mencius with courtesy. " The vines of Mencius were placed in the palace. "Arrange to stay in the senior hotel' Shanggong Pavilion'. He inherited the theory of Mencius, and implemented the land tax law (relying on people's strength to help cultivate public land, labor and tax system), Xu Xiang (learning from rural farmers) and school (learning from scholars). Make the people have constant production and be the perseverance of the world, and use soldiers and farmers to avoid risks; Then, in order to avoid the chaos, schools and human feelings in the Ming Dynasty, people can live a proper career and be educated at the right time. Fashion is loyalty, filial piety and honesty. Because of the thought of rites and music soldiers, the Tao remains unchanged and the law does not open, the criminal law is at a loss. Today, it is called the rule of Teng Xing's saints, and it is called the sage king far and near. People who admire Teng are in an endless stream, "outstanding above the twelve princes of Sri Lanka", and Teng is known as "a good country"

The death of Teng Guo There have been different opinions about the death of Teng Guo in history. But to sum up, nothing more than the following points. First, the vines that have been eliminated; Second, Qi Jinggong is dead; The third is to eliminate Teng. Because the period is the prosperous period of Qi, pushing the boat with the current is a matter of expanding territory and destroying prosperity, but the time calculation is quite different. "Qi Jinggong's Death" in Shiben is consistent with this statement in the annotation of Zuo Zhuan Zhao Gong's Four Years. However, Shiben also said: "After Yin Gong, there were still six emperors." Teng Yingong belongs to the late Spring and Autumn Period, and the last six books entered the Warring States Period, which is obviously inconsistent. Therefore, it is wrong to say that "Qi Jinggong is doomed". Chronology of ancient bamboo books: "Teng was destroyed in the bamboo ditch for thirty-four years." According to Confucius, Zhu Gou was thirty-four years old, which was 4 14 BC. At this time, Mencius (372-289 BC) was not yet born, which contradicted the historical fact that Mencius had been in contact with Teng Wengong in Mencius Teng Wengong. So this statement is also incorrect. In addition, the Warring States Policy also says that Teng died in the Song Dynasty. "Warring States Policy Song Weice" said: "Kang Wang Daxi. So, destroy Teng. Cut Xue and take the land of Huaibei. " According to the chronology of warring States policy. Destroy vines and cut snow, and take the land of Huaibei. It was 3 18 BC, that is, the eleventh year of Song Kangwang, which is equivalent to three years. On the whole, the author thinks that Teng died at the hands of the Song Dynasty. However, after the death of Song Shiteng, it caused a strong reaction from Qi. This is inevitable, because it violates the interests of Qi. As a result, Qi quickly sent troops, occupied Tengdi, continued to invade and destroyed the Song State. Because the time is very close, so in the ancient literature, the saying that everything is flourishing has been added.