From the feelings of Lacey people

At the end of the first chapter of Ulysses, Stephen, an Irish youth, told Haines, an Englishman, that he was "a servant of two masters, one was an Englishman (referring to" crazy queen "Victoria) and the other was an Italian (referring to the Pope)". These two are exactly what the author lashed out at in the book. The cynical Irish medical student also said to Stephen, "Oh, my God! Those damn English people! Money is more brain fat! " This shows his hatred of foreign rule.

In Ulysses, all Irish national heroes who have made great contributions or dedicated themselves to the hundreds of years of anti-British struggle are mentioned one by one. There are Thomas Fitzgerald (15 13- 1537) who rose up against Henry VIII and was hanged, and Daniel O'Neill (1775-1), the first Irish national independent leader in the British House of Commons in the 9th century. Throughout his life, he fought for the freedom of believing in Catholicism in Ireland and the abolition of the British-Irish Joint Parliament. He also mentioned his successor James Stephens (1825- 190 1). 1857, Irish revolutionaries founded the secret revolutionary organization Finney Society in the United States, and advocated overthrowing British rule, abolishing the ownership of big landlords and establishing a republic. (See Chapter II above) Then came the Irish politician Arthur Griffith (1872- 1922). He used to be a compositor in Dublin, and later went to South Africa as a miner and journalist. 1899, he founded a weekly magazine "Irish United Daily News" with the aim of fighting for Irish national independence. (See Chapter 3) Of course, Ulysses is not a history book of Irish national uprising, but a novel, and it is only a matter of time.

However, the most impressive scene was robert emmet's generous death. (See chapter 12) This Irish national leader joined the Irish Federation, an Irish political organization founded in 179 1 year, with the aim of liberating Catholicism, realizing parliamentary reform and leading a group of anti-British rebels into Dublin Castle (the seat of British colonial rule). After his failure, he was arrested, convicted of treason and sentenced to death. The author used a lot of space to describe the execution scene, revealing how cruel the British authorities were to the insurgents at that time.

Since the middle of19th century, the population of Ireland has decreased from more than 8190,000 in1year to less than 4.46 million in 190 1 year (according to the original natural growth rate, it should be increased to/kloc-. In the19th century alone, 4 million people immigrated to the United States. In chapter 12 of Ulysses, a radical Irish nationalist nicknamed "citizen" said: "We should have 20 million Irish people here, but now there are only 4 million. Where have all the tribes we lost gone? " Then, he lamented that Irish pottery, textiles, wool, brocade, limerick lace, white flint glass, poplin, silk, tweed and ivory needle embroidery were all in ruins. Due to the blockage of rivers, millions of acres of fertile land have become swamps and peatlands. The forest is also on the verge of destruction. Later, the Citizen patted his thigh and described the bright future of Ireland. "our empty port will be full again ... we will see the first Irish warship coming through the wind and waves, with our own flag floating at the bow."

To borrow the words from the first chapter of Ulysses, Joyce used the "sharp knife of art" and a "heartless pen" in his hand to sketch his Irish compatriots and their lives in dire straits, which played a role in awakening the people.

The Irish nation has always loved freedom. In 1930s, Irish literature was very popular in China. At that time, Mrs. Gregory's The Moon Rises was almost unknown because both countries were oppressed by their neighbors. Nationalism is not only the mainstream of ideological circles. In a sense, the Irish Ulysses, just like China's The True Story of Ah Q, was written with the indignation of hating iron not to produce. Bernard Shaw believes that someone (Joyce) finally dared to face Dublin and write down all its ugliness because he was deeply touched by its backwardness and "forced people to face it with their own artistic genius", which is enough comfort. (ibid., page 507) When Joyce was preparing to write Ulysses, Ireland's "Emerald Island" was still a British territory. In the year when Ulysses was written (192 1 year), Ireland became a free state in the Commonwealth. 1948, Ireland finally broke away from the Commonwealth and became a republic.

Ulysses is a cornerstone in the history of novels in the 20th century. In the history of Irish national independence, its achievements are also indelible.