Who was the northeast person in ancient China? They seem to be Jin people, not Han people.

Northeast China, called Yingzhou, Liaodong, Kanto, Guanwai and Manchuria in ancient times, is the floorboard of the land in northeast China. Including Liaoning Province, Jilin Province, Heilongjiang Province and the eastern part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (that is, "East Five League Cities": Chifeng City, Xing 'an League, Tongliao City, Xilin Gol League and Hulunbeier City). Northeast China is the traditional settlement of the Chinese nation. In China's Zhou Dynasty (BC 1046-BC 22 1 year), the Emperor of Zhou enfeoffed governors to screen princes, and gave the land in the northeast to Gonghe Jishi, which was the ancestor of Yan State. Duke Zhou of Zhao and Ji Shi (1 1 century was also called Shaogong, Zhaokanggong and Taibao Zhao Gong). His real name is Xuan (Shi), his son and his brother. Yan was an important feudal country from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Warring States Period. With regard to its original title, Yan Zhaogong Family, Volume 34 of Historical Records, clearly recorded that "Zhou Wuwang was destroyed and Zhao Gong was sealed in North Yan". Volume 4 of Historical Records and Zhou Benji also said that he was "called Yan" after cutting. Zhao Gongming Ying, surnamed Ji, is an aristocrat with the same surname, and is known as the food city. He, He and Tai Gong Wang were both important ministers of the founding of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and they were also the most trusted and relied on people. Yan Wang Zhao Xiang (? -279 years ago), when he was in office, he attacked East Lake to build the Great Wall, and attacked Qi in the south, and Yan reached its peak. In the thirty-third year of Yan State (222 BC), after Qin destroyed Korea, Wei and Chu, Wang Ben was sent to attack Liaodong, the Yan army was defeated, Yan State was captured and Yan State perished. Li Gongdai was captured on behalf of Wang Jia. Yan Liaodong's hometown and generation land were set as Liaodong county and generation county by Qin respectively. In the first 226 years, Wang Jian, the general of Qin Dynasty, conquered Yan Dou thistle, Prince Xi and Taizi Dan fled to Liaodong, and Li Xin, the general of Qin Dynasty, chased Taizi Dan to Yanshui, hence the name Taizi River.

Koguryo and Bohai Kingdom

In 37 BC, Goguryeo established political power in Goguryeo County, Xuantu County, Western Han Dynasty. The founder is Fuxi (a branch of ancient Han people in northeast China, which has nothing to do with modern Koreans, and the population is surnamed Gao) Zhu Meng; The capital is Ge Sheng Bone City (now Wunvshan City in Huanren, Liaoning Province), and later Liuliwang moved to Malubu (Ji 'an City, Jilin Province). Koguryo was the longest-standing local government in the history of China (705 years). In the heyday of its rule, it incorporated most of the Korean Peninsula into the territory, created a highly developed farming civilization, and made great contributions to the economic and cultural development of the southeastern part of China. In the Western Jin Dynasty, Murong Xianbei moved its capital to western Liaoning in 337 AD, and was called the Prince of Yan, and was built in Longcheng (now Chaoyang City). It was called Yan Qian in history. Yan Qian also attaches great importance to developing production, building water conservancy projects, stipulating taxes, and returning the non-industrial and commercial population to agriculture. Developing agricultural production in western Liaoning. In 668 AD (the first year of Tang Gaozong's General Chapter), Goguryeo perished under the attack of Tang Jun and Silla (the ancestors of present-day North Korea and South Korea), and the 27th Wang Baowang Gao Zang was captured by Tang Jun. Most of Goguryeo's population was moved to the Central Plains by the Tang Dynasty government, reintegrated into Middle Earth, and the rest were integrated into Bohai people. In 698, the first year of Emperor Wu of the Tang Dynasty's accession to the throne, most of the descendants took the headquarters as the mainstay, and joined other ministries to establish a local political power Bohai State (also known as Zhenzhou) between "Baishan Heishui" (Changbai Mountain and Heilongjiang). Later, in its heyday, Fiona Fang had a territory of 5,000 miles, a population of nearly 5 million and hundreds of thousands of soldiers, which was called "Haidong Guo Sheng" in history.

Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties

During the Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, the Qidan people living in the upper reaches of the Liaohe River established the Liao Dynasty (907 ~ 1 125). Jurchens living in Heilongjiang and Songhua River basins entered the Central Plains to establish the Jin Dynasty (115 ~1234). This has had a far-reaching impact on the integration and development of all ethnic groups in Northeast China and the social, economic and cultural development. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Khitan unified the two tribes in Abaoji, the leader of Lu Ye, and established themselves as kings. In 9 16 AD, Yeluboji proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Khitan. After Baoji died, his son Yeludeguang succeeded to the throne. In 947, the title was changed to Liao and the emperor was changed to Beijing. The territory in the heyday of Liao Dynasty was east of Salinger River and Shileka River. Northeast to the outer Xing 'an Mountains and the Sea of Okhotsk; As far south as today's Tianjin, Baxian County of Hebei Province and Yanmenguan of Shanxi Province, they confronted the Northern Song Dynasty. 1 1 13 A.D., Akuta, the leader of the Jurchen Wanyan Department of Su Shenzong, captured the Songhua River basin and occupied Liaodong Peninsula in the south. 1 1 15 proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of gold and its capital of Huining (now Acheng South of Heilongjiang). After the founding of the People's Republic of China, they continued to fight, destroying Liao in 1 125 and Northern Song Dynasty in1/27. In its heyday, Daikin surpassed Liao country, which included Liao, Hebei and Heilongjiang provinces and Mongolian grasslands. Daikin cavalry galloped along the northeast coast of Asia, owning all the old places of the Su protoss, bordering Hetao, Hengshan, Shaanxi, Longdong and Xixia in the west, and confronting the Southern Song Dynasty all the way to the Huaihe River in the Qinling Mountains in the south. 1287, the yuan dynasty established Liaoyang province, which governs the whole northeast. Northeast territory in early Ming dynasty

Ming Dynasty's Jurisdiction over Northeast China

1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtian (now Nanjing), established the Ming Dynasty, and destroyed the Yuan Dynasty in the same year. In Dusi, Liaodong, agriculture and handicrafts have been greatly developed. At that time, the present Liaoyang area was a rich place where "years envy others, thousands of miles of towers are connected, and the tunbao faces each other". At that time, the handicraft industries such as iron smelting and salt making in Dusi of Liaodong were also very developed. Thirty thousand Forbidden Guards in Liaodong, Longzhou in Sichuan and Zunhua in Shuntian were the three famous iron smelting centers in China at that time. In the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1368), the Ming army captured Dadu (that is, Beijing) and the Yuan Dynasty perished. Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, sent Huang Zhuo and others to Liaodong in order to eliminate the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty, which occupied the northeast. On the other hand, he sent troops across the sea from Shandong to Liaodong, forcing Liu Yi, the former secretariat of Liaoyang, to surrender. So in the fourth year of Hongwu (137 1 year), Dewey was established in Liaodong in the Ming Dynasty, and in the eighth year of Hongwu (1375), it was changed to be the commander-in-chief and special envoy of Liaodong, governing 25 guards, 138 institutes, two states and one alliance in Liaodong [70]. In order to advance northward, Zhu Yuanzhang, under the guidance of the thought of "defending the frontier and protecting the royal family", enfeoffed his sons in the north and northeast, such as sealing the Yanwang in Peiping, sealing the Hanwang intact, sealing the Ningwang in Daning (now Ningcheng in Chifeng) and sealing the Liaowang in Guangning, with the aim of "controlling according to the name to divide the world". At that time, the late Yuan Taiwei Naha occupied Jinshan (that is, Nong 'an County, Jilin Province) and "depended on and supported each other" with Gao Jianu, Halazhang, Ye Zhizhi and other remnants of the Yuan Dynasty in an attempt to continue fighting. If the Ming Dynasty wanted to unify the Northeast, it was necessary to eliminate the "Yuan Dynasty soldiers" in the Northeast. In the twentieth year of Hongwu (1387), Zhu Yuanzhang sent Shengfeng and Fu Youde to lead the Ming army to attack Jinshan, and Naha was defeated and surrendered. Other "old soldiers" also defected in succession, and the remnants of the Mongolian and Yuan dynasties in Northeast China were eliminated. Jianzhou Nuzhen "Wei suo" is a local military administrative organization set up according to the political system of Ming Dynasty. Different from the mainland, in addition to military functions, it also manages local administrative affairs, so-called "fusui is a subordinate department" [86] and "guarding the place" [87]. The officials of "Wei Suo" were directly appointed by the central government of the Ming Dynasty, and adopted the policy of "adapting to different ethnic groups". Their official positions were hereditary, and their father's death, son's succession and father's replacement must be approved, and they wanted to be promoted, changed their letters of appointment and increased their rewards. You must report to the Ming government and you must not act without authorization, otherwise you will be punished. In the Ming Dynasty, the official seals granted to Nuer Tuo's subordinates were constantly found, such as the official seals of Maoluwei [89], Mudali Shanwei [90], Hetun Jiwei [9 1], South Havel [92] and Ministry of Health. Because of the political and economic relationship between Jurchen and Ming Dynasty, it is closer and more frequent than ever before. Therefore, the land and water transportation in the northeast has also developed. On the basis of setting up a post station in Mengyuan, the Ming Dynasty expanded and built the post station vigorously, and extended or built the post station route. According to the Records of Liaodong, there were six traffic trunk lines from Liaodong to Northeast China at that time, and kaiyuan city was the starting point of these six trunk lines [1 15]. East to North Korea, west to Mongolia, northeast to Telin area of Man Jing; Northwest China leads to northern Manzhouli, forming a postal transportation network extending in all directions. Especially in the areas of Heilongjiang and Songhua River, in order to ensure the traffic in Tongnurgan area of Liaodong, in the tenth year of Yongle (1412) [116], the Ming Dynasty set up 45 post stations from Songhua River to Man Jing in the lower reaches of Heilongjiang. In the eighteenth year of Yongle (1420), a shipyard was established along the Songhua River in Jilin [1 17], which was responsible for "building ships and transporting grain" [1 18] and transporting soldiers [1/kloc-]. It is precisely because of the active development of northeast traffic, the addition of post stations and the establishment of shipyards in the Ming Dynasty that the ties between Nuzhen, Liaodong and the Central Plains were strengthened. However, after the mid-Ming dynasty, the national strength declined and it was unable to maintain the rule of the northern frontier. 1435 (the tenth year of Xuande in the Ming Dynasty), the Nuer Tuotu Division was abolished, but the subordinate health centers continued to exist. With the rise of Tatar and Nuzhen, the Ming Dynasty retreated to Liaodong in the effective control area of Northeast China.

The Qing Dynasty's Rule over Northeast China

/kloc-At the end of 0/6, Jurchen flourished again. 16 16 the leader of nuzhen founding the country, Aixinjueluo Nurhachi, called the Great Khan in Hetuala and rebuilt the Great Jin State, which was called "the Later Jin" in history. In the tenth year of Tiancong (1636), in April, Huang Taiji changed the name of the country to "Qing" and the name of the Jurchen nationality to "Manchuria". 1644 after the demise of the Ming dynasty, the Qing army entered the customs on a large scale and unified the whole country. After the Manchus gained political power, they took the Northeast as the "land of prosperity" and Shengjing as the "capital" and implemented a "special system" governance mode for the Northeast. From the middle of the17th century, Russian invaders crossed the outer Xing 'an Mountains and invaded the Heilongjiang River valley in China, burning down villages, killing people and robbing food and mink. Later, conflicts or wars broke out between the Qing army and Russia for many times. Until the war of Gaxia in 1685, at the behest of Emperor Kangxi, the Qing army won and signed a peace treaty. 1689, the Sino-Russian Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu was signed. Before the signing of the Treaty, the territory of the Qing Dynasty in Northeast China included Mongolia in the west, including central and eastern Siberia, the Pacific Ocean in the east, including Sakhalin Island and Thousand Islands, the Arctic Ocean in the north, kamchatka peninsula and Bering Strait in the northeast. 1689 After the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu, the territory of northeast China gradually retreated to the south of the Outer Xing 'an Mountains, the Wudi River and the south bank of Lake Baikal. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, China weakened, Sakhalin Island and Kuril Islands fell, Outer Mongolia became independent, and the territory of Northeast China eventually shrank to this day. With the increase of population, land reclamation and popularization of advanced production technology in the Central Plains, the basic outline of agricultural production in Northeast China has been roughly formed. With the development of agriculture, commerce and handicrafts have sprung up, and economic centers such as Shenyang, Liaoyang, Jinzhou, Changchun, Jilin, Ning 'an, Liaoyuan and Harbin have emerged. After the Qing army entered the customs, General Shengjing, General Ningguta (Jilin) and General Heilongjiang were set up in the northeast in the early years of the Qing Dynasty. The jurisdiction of the three generals is different from that of the Central Plains in management mode, administrative system and land possession form. 1644, Dourgen ordered that Han people were forbidden to enter the so-called "Longxing Land" for farming. This is the "prohibition of alcohol". Although the Qing Dynasty began to send the Eight Banners and Han immigrants to the Northeast in 1692, the population of the Northeast became even rarer after the Manchu people flooded into Shanhaiguan in the early Qing Dynasty. The rulers of Qing Dynasty regarded Northeast China as "the land where ancestors prospered the king" and implemented a long-term closed policy on the pretext of protecting "the benefits of participating in mountains and rivers". There are two words related to the "Forbidden Customs Order": "Hexagonal" and "Crossing the Kanto". In order to strictly enforce the "Forbidden Customs Order", from the Shunzhi period, the Qing government built a 1000 km fence called "Liubianbian" in the northeast at all costs, also known as Liubianbian, Liuqiang, Liucheng and Tiaozbian, which was completed in the middle of Kangxi. The wicker edge from Shanhaiguan via Kaiyuan and Xinbin to Fengcheng South is the "old edge"; From the northeast of Kaiyuan to the north of Jilin, it is a "new frontier". Manchuria, east of the side wall, is forbidden to cross-border farming, and the west of the side wall is used as a pasture for Mongolian nobles, an ally of the Qing Dynasty. The closure of the Qing dynasty to the northeast resulted in a thin population in the northeast, which eventually created favorable conditions for Russia to occupy the northeast. In the late Qing Dynasty, the border crisis became more and more serious, and the Qing Dynasty was forced to open the border ban and adopt the policy of "emigrating to the real border". From 186 1 to 1880, official flag sites such as Jilin paddock, Alechuka paddock and Dalinghe ranch were opened one after another. 1882 (eighth year of Guangxu) first reclaimed land in Jilin, established Hunchun Reclamation Bureau, and then reclaimed land in Heilongjiang. In 1907, the Qing court abolished three generals, namely Shengjing, Jilin and Heilongjiang, and set up governors in Fengtian, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces and three governors in Northeast China.