What is the reason for fighting back against Vietnam?

Sino-Vietnamese relations before the war

With the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations, Vietnam is gradually facing difficulties in Sino-Soviet relations. 1972 The contact between China and the United States also made Vietnam uneasy. With the reunification of Vietnam in 1975, Vietnam began to decide to develop closer diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. China began to expel Chinese crazily, which suppressed the normal life of overseas Chinese and led to the return of a large number of Vietnamese overseas Chinese? .

Stir up armed conflicts on the Sino-Vietnamese border, send armed personnel to invade across the border, hurt border people, tear down boundary markers, occupy the border, and cause events such as Punian Mountain and Tinghao Mountain. Tear up the Vietnamese government's statement in 1958 that dongsha islands, Xisha Islands, zhongsha islands and Nansha Islands belong to China, and occupy more than 96% of the Nansha Islands in China.

1978 With the support of the Soviet Union, Vietnam invaded Cambodia and quickly occupied the whole of Cambodia.

For China, Vietnam invaded the Sino-Vietnamese border in the north and China's ally Cambodia in the south, posing a serious threat to the security around China. At this time of China, the main pressure is still in the Taiwan Province Strait in the southeast and the Sino-Soviet border in the north. The broad masses of border residents and border guards are angry at Vietnam's increasingly anti-China treachery.

In order to support Cambodia's anti-aggression struggle, Vietnam fell into an environment of fighting on both sides, and at the same time, in order to maintain border security. The Central Military Commission held a meeting on February 7 1978+65438, and issued a decision and order on the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam on February 8.

Yunnan border guards and Guangxi border guards are composed of troops from Kunming Military Region and Guangzhou Military Region. They wiped out the invading Vietnamese army at the border, conquered a series of towns in northern Vietnam, wiped out the effective forces of the Vietnamese army in the north, destroyed the infrastructure, and then returned to China.

In order to stop Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia, the Central Military Commission of the Chinese Production Party, chaired by Hua Guofeng, held a meeting on February 7, adopted the proposal of Deng Xiaoping, then vice chairman and chief of general staff of the Central Military Commission, and issued a decision and order to fight against Vietnam on February 8.

The troops of the Kunming Military Region and the Guangzhou Military Region, as well as the troops transferred from the major military regions, were ordered to form the Yunnan Frontier Force and Guangxi Frontier Force to attack a large number of towns in northern Vietnam, eliminate the effective forces of the Vietnamese army in the north, and alleviate the offensive pressure of the Khmer Rouge under the invasion of the Vietnamese army.

Extended data:

Impact on China

In just one month's war, the number of Chinese casualties reached 20,000-30,000, which directly caused economic losses of about 3.5 billion RMB, which led to the failure to complete the economic plan of that year (1979) on time. However, through the Sino-Vietnamese War, Chinese mainland achieved the expected punitive action purpose and destroyed the industry and mining industry in northern Vietnam.

Taking this as an opportunity, the war won a precious opportunity of reform and opening up and developed. In addition, Su Yue's strategic deployment was disrupted, and Sino-US relations entered a golden age of nearly ten years. Through the ten-year border war (the battle between the two mountains), the PLA has trained a number of outstanding command talents and exercised its combat capability.

At the same time, China's army has also learned many lessons from this war: some officers of the People's Liberation Army have poor military skills and poor operational command ability because they have not fought for a long time; Type 59 and Type 62 tanks suffered great losses when they were hit in battle, and Type 56 semi-automatic rifle was not as powerful as the Vietnamese army in jungle warfare and melee.

Without the rank system, it is impossible to quickly determine the command relationship when the troops are dispersed and temporarily assembled; The lack of armored personnel carriers for transporting infantry made the infantry have to carry tanks, and their vulnerability to attack was exposed in the war, which explored the way for the modernization of the PLA.

Impact on Vietnam

For Vietnam, the damage of war is lasting. In the process of retreating back to China, China's army transferred a large number of materials from Vietnam's public and private sectors, recovered a large number of materials that had helped Vietnam before, and completely and systematically destroyed villages, roads and railways in Vietnam, forcing Vietnam to maintain a fairly large army (* * * 1.2 million), which caused a drag on Vietnam's domestic economy.

The losses recorded in Vietnam include 428 hospitals, 735 schools, 80,000 hectares of farmland destroyed and 400,000 cattle robbed or killed. According to the exaggerated description in the chronicle of the Vietnam War, "Vietnam even ran away from Niu Encounter 163 Division." Thousands of civilians were killed.

This war intensified the discrimination against Chinese in Vietnam, and many people were forced to emigrate. Many of them were forced to become refugees, some fled to Hong Kong and eventually moved to other Chinese communities in Australia, Europe or Chinese mainland, and most of the rest returned to settle in Hong Kong. About 80,000 Han and Miao people were forcibly deported from northern Vietnam to southern Vietnam.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Self-defense counterattack against Vietnam