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Is there an official language in Chinese historical dynasties, such as now?

The official languages of Chinese dynasties have different names, such as Yayan, Zhengyin, Mandarin and Mandarin, which is also the definition of "Mandarin" in different periods. Putonghua in different periods in history has a certain inheritance, and at the same time it is constantly changing because of the change of regime, the difference of capital and the migration of population.

The standard language of the Qin Dynasty is not examinable, and the grammatical system, according to Li Si's Zhuke Shu, the basic grammar of ancient classical Chinese has taken shape. This grammatical system also became the grammatical system of later Guoyu. The national language of the Han dynasty is Luo language, which inherited the elegant characters of the pre-Qin period. The standard Chinese language in the Han Dynasty is called "pronunciation", "elegant language" and "common language".

The Western Jin Dynasty inherited the Han Dynasty and took Luo as the national language. In Yongjia Rebellion, Luo Jing and Jiankang (Nanjing), the capitals of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, were overthrown, and Luoyang Yayin was combined with medieval Wu dialect to form Jinling Yayin, also known as Wuyin, which was inherited by the Southern Dynasties.

The Sui Dynasty unified China and compiled Qieyun. Based on the elegant sounds of Jinling and Luoyang, the official sounds of the Southern and Northern Dynasties merged to form the official sounds of Chang 'an (Sanpang). Luoyang pronunciation was the standard pronunciation in Tang Dynasty. Chang 'an is the capital of Sui and Tang Dynasties, and Luoyang is the eastern capital. At this time, Hanyin in the Central Plains and Guanzhong has evolved after blending with all ethnic groups.

In the Song Dynasty, Mandarin was called "sound" and "elegant tone", and Luoyang intonation was still the standard. In the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolian was officially designated as the national language (mainly used by Mongolians), and then Beiping pronunciation, that is, the Chinese pronunciation of the Yuan Dynasty (Beiping), was used as the standard pronunciation, which was called "common language".

In the Ming Dynasty, the elegance of the Central Plains was positive, but before the Ming Dynasty, the Central Plains region was formed by the integration of many northern nationalities. The "Voice of the Central Plains" in Jianghuai area is relatively pure, so Putonghua is based on Nanjing Mandarin and is the national standard Chinese pronunciation. During the Yongle period, he moved to Beijing and immigrated to Beijing from all over the world. Among them, there are about 400 thousand immigrants from Nanjing, accounting for half of Beijing's population. Nanjing dialect became the basis of Beijing pronunciation at that time, while Nanjing Mandarin was popular throughout the Ming Dynasty.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Manchu was nominally the national language, and later Mandarin became the national language. Since the Qing Dynasty, Beijing Mandarin has been gradually divided into Nanjing Mandarin and Beijing Mandarin as the standard pronunciation of Chinese. In the early Qing Dynasty, Nanjing Mandarin was still the mainstream standard language of Chinese. In the eighth year of Yongzheng, Andrew Pavilion was established to promote Beijing Mandarin with Beijing accent as the standard. Beijing dialect was formed by adding a few transliterated Manchu words on the basis of the fusion of the old Beiping dialect and Nanjing Mandarin in the Yuan Dynasty (the Ming capital moved northward and more than half of Nanjing people immigrated to Beijing). By the middle and late Qing Dynasty, Beijing Mandarin gradually replaced Nanjing Mandarin to gain the status of Mandarin. 1909, the "Mandarin Editorial Committee" was formally established, which was the late Qing Mandarin.