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The traditional festivals in China are diverse in form and rich in content, and they are an integral part of the long history and culture of the Chinese nation.

The formation of traditional festivals is a process of long-term accumulation and cohesion of national or national history and culture. The festivals listed below are all developed from ancient times. From these festivals and customs that have been passed down to this day, we can clearly see the wonderful pictures of the ancient people's social life.

The origin and development of festivals is a process of gradual formation, subtle influence and gradual infiltration into social life. Like the development of society, it is the product of the development of human society to a certain stage. These festivals in ancient China were all related to the astronomy, calendar, mathematics and the solar terms divided later. This can be traced back to Zheng Xiao and Shangshu in Xia Dynasty at least in literature. By the Warring States period, the 24 solar terms in a year were basically complete, and later traditional festivals were also closely related to these solar terms.

Solar terms provide a prerequisite for the emergence of festivals. Most festivals began to appear in the pre-Qin period, but the enrichment and popularization of customs still need a long development process. The earliest custom activities were related to primitive worship, superstition and taboo; Myths and legends add a bit of romance to the festival; There is also the impact and influence of religion on festivals; Some historical figures have been endowed with eternal commemoration, infiltrated into festivals, and all of them have been integrated into the content of condensed festivals, giving China festivals a deep sense of history.

By the Han Dynasty, the main traditional festivals in China had been finalized. People often say that these festivals originated from the Han Dynasty, which was the first great development period after the reunification of China. Political and economic stability and scientific and cultural progress provide good social conditions for the final formation of festivals.

By the Tang Dynasty, festivals had been liberated from the mysterious atmosphere of primitive worship and taboo, and turned into entertainment etiquette and a real festive occasion. Since then, festivals have become cheerful and festive, rich and colorful, and many sports and recreational activities have appeared, which soon became a fashion. These customs continue to develop and continue.

It is worth mentioning that in the long history, scholars and poets of all ages have written many famous works for festivals. These poems are well-known and widely praised, which makes the traditional festivals in China permeated with profound cultural heritage, wonderful romance and elegant elegance.

Festivals in our country have strong cohesion and extensive inclusiveness, which are celebrated all over the country as soon as they are over. They are in the same strain as our nation's long history and are valuable spiritual and cultural heritage.

Here are just some large-scale traditional festivals of the Han nationality. China is a multi-ethnic country, and all ethnic groups have their own cultural customs. Many ethnic festivals are cultural treasures to be explored.

the Spring Festival; Chinese New Year

Spring Festival generally refers to New Year's Eve and the first day of the first month. But among the people, the traditional Spring Festival refers to the sacrificial ceremony from the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month or the 23rd or 24th of the twelfth lunar month to the 15th of the first lunar month in La Worship, with New Year's Eve and the first day of the first lunar month as the climax. During the Spring Festival, Han people and many ethnic minorities in our country will hold various activities to celebrate. The main contents of these activities are offering sacrifices to gods and buddhas, paying homage to ancestors, saying goodbye to the old year and welcoming the new year, and praying for a bumper harvest. The activities are rich and colorful, with strong national characteristics.

In China, the beginning of the Lunar New Year is called the Spring Festival. It is the most solemn traditional festival of China people, and it also symbolizes unity, prosperity and new hope for the future. According to records, the people of China have celebrated the Spring Festival for more than 4,000 years, which was initiated by Yu Shun. One day more than two thousand years BC, Shun became emperor and led his men to worship heaven and earth. Since then, people have regarded this day as the beginning of a year, that is, the first day of the first month. It is said that this is the origin of the Lunar New Year, which was later called the Spring Festival. The Spring Festival used to be called New Year's Day. The month in which the Spring Festival is held is called January.

The earth goes around the sun once, which is called a year in the calendar, and it goes on and on forever. However, according to the different seasons, people take the first day of the first month of the summer calendar as the beginning of the year. Every year, after midnight (12 o'clock) on February 30th (February 29th of the lunar calendar), the Spring Festival officially arrives.

Near the Spring Festival, people buy new year's goods. On New Year's Eve, the whole family get together for dinner. New Year pictures and Spring Festival couplets; Welcome the new year.

With the founding of New China, the Spring Festival celebrations are more colorful. It not only retains the past folk customs, excludes some activities with feudal superstition, but also adds many new contents. Give the Spring Festival a new flavor of the times. 1949 65438+February 23rd The government of People's Republic of China (PRC) and People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that there will be three days off during the Spring Festival every year.

China is a multi-ethnic country, and each ethnic group has different ways to celebrate the New Year. The customs and habits of the Han nationality, Manchu nationality and Korean nationality for the Spring Festival are similar. The family is reunited. People eat rice cakes, jiaozi and various sumptuous meals, set off firecrackers and wish each other well. Celebrations during the Spring Festival are extremely colorful, including lion dance and dragon dance, as well as walking on stilts and running dry boats. In some areas, people follow the activities of worshipping ancestors and gods in the past and pray for good weather, peace and good harvest in the new year. Ancient Mongols called the Spring Festival "White Festival" and the first month was Bai Yue, which means good luck. Tibetans celebrate the Tibetan calendar year. Hui, Uygur, Kazak, etc. Celebrate Eid al-Adha. The Spring Festival is also a grand festival for Miao, Yi and Yao people.

the Lantern Festival

The fifteenth day of the first lunar month is the Lantern Festival. Also known as Shangyuan Festival, Lantern Festival and Lantern Festival. There are many opinions about the origin of the Lantern Festival, and there are three widely circulated opinions. It is said that the Lantern Festival was designed by Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty to commemorate Pinglu, because it was the fifteenth day of the first month to quell the chaos in Shandong. Second, the Lantern Festival is to celebrate the first full moon night in a year, also called "Shangyuan Festival"; Thirdly, the Lantern Festival originated from the Torch Festival. In the Han dynasty, people held torches in rural fields to drive away insects and wild animals, hoping to reduce pests and pray for a bumper harvest. To this day, people in some areas in southwest China still use reeds or branches as torches on the 15th day of the first month, and hold high in groups to dance in fields or grain drying fields. Since the Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties, it has been in full swing. "Sui Shu Music Record" Day: "Every first month, all nations come to the DPRK and live outside the Duanmen Gate, which lasts for eight miles until the 15th." Tens of thousands of people participated in singing and dancing, from faint to dark. With the changes of society and times, the custom of Lantern Festival has changed greatly, but it is still a traditional folk festival in China.

Double Ninth Festival

The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is a traditional festival in China, the Double Ninth Festival. The Double Ninth Festival has a history of more than two thousand years. 1989, the China municipal government designated this day as the festival for the elderly every year. On this day, all localities should organize the elderly to climb mountains for an autumn outing, exchange feelings and exercise. The younger generation of many families will also help the elderly to go to the suburbs.

"Double Ninth Festival" is also called "Double Ninth Festival", because "nine" is defined as yang number in the Book of Changes, and September 9, two or nine is important, which is considered by the ancients as a festive auspicious day. According to documents, as early as the Chung Yeung Festival in the Warring States period, people had the custom of climbing mountains and drinking chrysanthemum wine. As a festival, it was in the Western Han Dynasty.

The activities of the Double Ninth Festival are rich and colorful, generally including sightseeing, climbing high and overlooking, enjoying chrysanthemums, planting dogwood everywhere, eating double ninth cake and drinking chrysanthemum wine.

In ancient times, there was the custom of climbing on the Double Ninth Festival, so it was also called "Climbing Festival". According to legend, this custom began in the Eastern Han Dynasty. There is no uniform rule for climbing places. Generally, people climb mountains and towers.

The custom of drinking chrysanthemum wine on Double Ninth Festival originated from Tao Yuanming, a great poet in Jin Dynasty. Tao Yuanming is famous for living in seclusion, writing poems, drinking and loving chrysanthemums. Later generations took him as an example, so they had the custom of enjoying chrysanthemums on Double Ninth Festival.

Inserting dogwood and chrysanthemum is also an important custom of the Double Ninth Festival, which has been very common in the Tang Dynasty. The ancients thought that inserting Evodia rutaecarpa on the Double Ninth Festival could take refuge and eliminate disasters. So people wear dogwood on their arms, or grind it in sachets and put it in their heads. Most of them are worn by women and children, and men in some places also wear them. Besides wearing dogwood, people also wear chrysanthemums. In the Qing Dynasty, the custom of Beijing Double Ninth Festival was to stick chrysanthemum branches and leaves on doors and windows, "to get rid of evil and filth, and to make money into treasure".

Dragon Boat Festival

"A thousand hectares of heavy lakes mourn for the country, and a river will last forever."

-Li Ciqing (late Qing Dynasty)

The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is the Dragon Boat Festival. Dragon Boat Festival began in China during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and has a history of more than 2,000 years. Dragon Boat Festival has always been a multi-ethnic folk festival, and it is a festival for the whole people to keep fit, prevent diseases, avoid epidemics and drive away drugs, and pray for health.

There are many different opinions about the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival in historical documents. Among them, the most influential and widespread view among the people is that the Dragon Boat Festival is to commemorate Qu Yuan, a loyal minister who died in the Miluo River. According to historical records, on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month in 278 BC, Qu Yuan, a doctor and patriotic poet of the State of Chu, was heartbroken and indignant when he learned that Qin Jun had breached the capital of Chu. He resolutely wrote the last poem "Huai Sha" and threw himself into the Miluo River. People along the river are racing to salvage with boats, evoking souls along the water surface and throwing zongzi into the river to prevent fish and shrimp from eating into his body. This custom has lasted for more than two thousand years.

For thousands of years, Qu Yuan's patriotic spirit and touching poems have been deeply rooted in people's hearts. People "remember it, mourn it, pass on its words to the world and pass it on." In the field of folk culture, China people have since closely linked the dragon boat race and eating zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival with the commemoration of Qu Yuan. With the growing influence of Qu Yuan, the Dragon Boat Festival gradually spread and became a festival of the Chinese nation.

Dragon Boat Festival is also called Duanyang Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. In addition, there are many nicknames for the Dragon Boat Festival, such as Noon Festival, Chongwu Festival, Daughter's Day, Tianzhong Festival, Poet's Day and Dragon Boat Festival. Although the names are different, on the whole, the customs of festivals are basically the same everywhere. The contents mainly include: when the daughter goes back to her parents' house, she hangs a portrait of Zhong Kui, hangs calamus and wormwood, wears sachets, races dragon boats, contests, hits the ball, swings, draws realgar for her children, drinks realgar wine, eats salted eggs, zongzi and seasonal fresh fruits. Apart from the gradual disappearance of superstitious activities, other customs have spread all over China and neighboring countries.

Quzici Town, Miluo City, Yueyang City

Zigui County is the birthplace of Qu Yuan and one of the places with the deepest culture of Dragon Boat Festival in China. In many places in China, there is only one Dragon Boat Festival, but there are three Dragon Boat Festival in Zigui. The first Dragon Boat Festival is on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, the big Dragon Boat Festival is on May 15th, and the last Dragon Boat Festival is on May 25th. Every Dragon Boat Festival, Zigui people should commemorate Qu Yuan in their own unique way. The Dragon Boat Festival poetry will praise Qu Yuan, hold a dragon boat race to commemorate Qu Yuan, and hold a ceremony to pay tribute to Qu Yuan. There are also hanging mugwort leaves, inserting calamus, eating zongzi and drinking realgar wine.

Before the Dragon Boat Festival, sachets sold well.

During the Dragon Boat Festival, people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in the east of China like to row dragon boats, decorate lanterns and have colorful trips at night. The scene is touching and interesting. The Miao people in Guizhou hold the Dragon Boat Festival from May 25th to 28th of the lunar calendar to celebrate the success of transplanting rice and wish a bumper harvest. Dai people in Yunnan compete in the Dragon Boat Festival to commemorate ancient heroes.

Besides the custom of dragon boat race in Chinese mainland, Taiwan Province also had dragon boat race activities during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. At that time, Jiang, the chief executive of Taiwan Province Province, held a friendly match in Fukeji Half Moon Pool in Tainan City. Now, in Taiwan Province Province, a dragon boat race is held every year on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. In Hong Kong, Macao and other places, the custom of dragon boat racing is also very popular.

Qingming Festival

Tomb-Sweeping Day is one of the most important traditional festivals in China. It is not only a festival for people to pay homage to their ancestors and remember them, but also a link for the Chinese nation to recognize their ancestors and return to their ancestors. It is also a spring ceremony for hiking, getting close to nature and urging new students to care. & gt& gt

Tomb-Sweeping Day, also known as the March Festival in ancient times, has a history of more than 2,500 years. Tomb-Sweeping Day is one of the 24 solar terms around April 5th in the Gregorian calendar. Among the 24 solar terms, Qingming is the only solar term that is both a solar term and a festival.

Tomb-Sweeping Day is one of the important traditional folk festivals in China, and was listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage in 2006.

The origin of Tomb-Sweeping Day

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it is a festival of the Han nationality in China and one of the 24 solar terms in China. The time is around April 5 of the solar calendar every year. After Tomb-Sweeping Day, the rain increased, and the land showed a scene of spring and tranquility. At this time, everything, whether it is the vegetation in nature or the human body in natural places, has changed the filth in winter, ushered in the breath of spring and realized the transformation from yin to yang.

In ancient times, it was said that the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day was the "Cold Food Festival". According to legend, it began in the Spring and Autumn Period when Jin Wengong mourned meson pushing "cutting stocks to satisfy hunger", and then gradually the Qingming cold food became one. The date of grave sweeping in the Tang Dynasty was generally on the Cold Food Festival, and it was moved to Qingming after the Song Dynasty. Legend has it that the origin of "Cold Food Festival" is Jiexiu in central Shanxi. The origin of Jiexiu is to commemorate Jietui's "cutting stocks to feed his hunger" and finally died here in Yamakaji, so Mianshan is also called "Jieshan". & gt& gt

According to legend, after Dayu's flood control, people used the language of "Qingming" to celebrate that the flood had been eliminated and the world was at peace. At this time, spring blossoms, everything recovers, and the sky is clear and bright, which is a good season for spring outing. Going for an outing began as early as the Tang Dynasty and has become a habit throughout the ages. In addition to enjoying the beautiful lakes, mountains and spring scenery, we also carry out various entertainment activities to increase the interest of life.

Making "Cold Food" to Welcome Qingming & gt

The custom of sweeping graves is very popular in Tomb-Sweeping Day. In fact, sweeping graves is the content of Tomb-Sweeping Day's Cold Food Festival the day before. According to legend, cold food originated from Jin Wengong's mourning for the ruler. During the twenty years of Emperor Xuanzong's reign, he ordered the world to "eat cold food in the ground". Because cold food is associated with Qingming, it gradually spread to sweeping graves in Qingming. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, grave sweeping became more popular. In ancient times, children often flew kites when sweeping graves. Some kites are equipped with bamboo flutes, which can make a sound when the wind blows, just like the sound of kites. It is said that this is the reason why kites get their names.

There are many lost customs in Tomb-Sweeping Day, such as wearing willow, shooting willow and swinging, which have been circulating for a long time in ancient times. According to records, Tomb-Sweeping Day was the most important custom in the Liao Dynasty. From the imperial court down to the common people, people liked to swing, and ladies gathered, and the wind of outing was extremely prosperous.

After the founding of New China, people pay homage to the tomb of the martyrs and remember the revolutionary ancestors on this day.