Help me introduce the origin and history of Ewenki nationality.

Ewenki people are mainly distributed in Nehe County of Heilongjiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the northeast.

Ewenki is a national self-declaration, which means "people living in the mountains".

Population: 263 15 (1994).

In the virgin forest of Daxinganling at 52 degrees north latitude, there are still the footprints and smoke of Ewenki people, and its settlement is Oruguya Ewenki Hunter Village, which is known as the "Arctic Village".

Ewenki people have their own language, but no writing.

Ewenki language belongs to Tungusic language family of Manchu-Tungusic language family of Altai language family.

Mongolian is mostly used by Ewenki herdsmen, while Chinese is widely used by farmers.

Ewenki's oral creations include myths, stories, ballads and riddles, and they are also good at carving and cutting birch bark into various handicrafts.

Most Ewenki people live by grazing, and the rest are engaged in farming.

Reindeer was once the only means of transportation for Ewenki people, and was known as the "boat of the forest".

Ewenki people believe in Shamanism and Lamaism.

In the past, celestial burial (that is, wind burial) was carried out, and later it was mostly changed to burial.

The main festivals are Aobao, Lunar New Year and Mikole Festival.

August 1958, 1, Ewenki Autonomous Banner was established.

Ewenki people in pure animal husbandry production areas live on milk, meat and flour, and they can't live without milk for three meals a day. They not only drink fresh milk, but also often process it into yogurt and dry dairy products.

The main dairy products are: thin cream, butter, milk residue, milk powder and milk skin.

The most common way to eat is to spread the extracted cream on bread or snacks.

The staple food is flour. Except toast, noodles, pancakes, fried dumplings, etc. Often eaten. When eating, mix or spread with fresh milk or butter.

Sometimes I also eat rice, millet and millet, but they are all used to make meat porridge and rarely eat dry rice; The meat is mainly beef and mutton.

In the past, each household consumed an average of 20 sheep and two cows every year.

Before winter came, Ewenki people slaughtered a large number of livestock to store meat.

Slaughtered beef and mutton are frozen or dried for preservation, and there are often ways to eat meat; Hand-grabbed meat, blood sausage, cook the meat rice porridge, kebabs, etc.

Ewenki people who live in the virgin forest of Xing 'an Mountains in the north take meat as the staple food in their daily life, and eat Handa meat, venison, bear meat, wild boar, roe deer meat, squirrel meat, flying dragon, pheasant, silky fowl and fish. And they eat a little differently from pastoral areas, including the liver of Handa meat, deer and roe deer.

There are two ways to cook food. One is to eat fresh meat, but don't cook it. Cut it with a hunting knife and pay attention to "chewing your head". Some people also string fresh meat slices on wooden sticks and dip them in salt after baking. Another method is to cook the meat until it is 70-80% mature, dry it in the sun, and then cook porridge with fire or cut into pieces (or eat it directly).

Fish is mostly used for stewing. Only add wild onions and salt when stewing fish, emphasizing the original flavor of the soup.

I seldom eat vegetables, so I collect some wild onions and make pickles as a side dish.

Since the early 1950s, the staple foods of Ewenki people have been gradually replaced by pasta, such as noodles, pancakes and steamed bread.

Ewenki people living in Nenjiang River valley and mountainous areas have already started farming and engaged in economic activities of various modes of production such as hunting and gathering. Their staple food is mainly agricultural products, and the harvest of animal husbandry and hunting is mostly used as non-staple food. The main and non-staple foods are obviously different. They like to eat bear oil every day. After hunting bears, you have to boil oil in winter and summer. Generally, a black bear can boil hundreds of kilograms of bear oil.

And began to widely plant vegetables, the main edible vegetables are cabbage, radish, beans, yellow flowers and so on.

Ewenki people all drink milk tea. The production method is to boil the tea leaves and filter out the tea leaves (generally brick tea), then add a small amount of fried millet and salt, and add a proper amount of fresh milk after boiling to make milk tea.

When drinking, add butter and milk residue according to personal taste.

In addition, you can also drink noodles tea and meat tea. In the noodle tea, the fried rice is mashed into noodles, fried in oil pan, and then milk tea is added. Meat tea is to cut cooked meat into pieces and add milk tea.

Ewenki people in the forest area also drink reindeer milk, which is unique to the local area. Reindeer milk is grayish white, with high concentration and sweet taste, and can also be used to make milk tea.

Ewenki's traditional cookers are unique, such as cups and chopsticks made of Handa bone, small wine glasses made of antlers, cook the meat in the belly (stomach), deerskin grain pockets sewn with Handa tendons, and various bowls and plates made of birch and leather.

Nowadays, ceramics, aluminum, iron and plastic products have been widely used.

On August 10, 2003, hunters from the last hunting tribe in China, the Ewenki Township of Aoluguya, genhe city, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, began to migrate. 1 1 37 hunters led reindeer out of the mountains and became the first batch of ecological immigrants in the hunting township, starting their new life.

This is a hunter of the Ewenki nationality in Aolu, Inner Mongolia, preparing to move out of the mountain.

Festivals, Etiquette and Dietary Customs Apart from the Spring Festival and other festivals similar to those of other ethnic groups nearby, the Ewenki people will also hold the "Midiaolu Festival" in the late May of the lunar calendar.

Mi Fei means to celebrate the harvest.

During the festival, people should put on their best clothes, and men should cut their horsehair and tie their ponytails. At that time, every herdsman's family had to prepare rich wine and meat to entertain relatives and friends.

Ewenki people are hospitable and pay attention to etiquette. When visiting Ewenki people's homes, the guests will sit where the owner puts the leather mat, and they are not allowed to move the leather mat at will.

After the guests are seated, the hostess immediately serves milk tea and then cooks the animal meat. After the meat was cooked, the hostess took out a hunting knife, cut a small piece of meat on the fire and gave it to the guests.

If the visitor is a distinguished guest, reindeer milk is usually provided.

Ewenki hospitality must have wine, in addition to drinking white wine, every household can brew wild fruit wine by itself.

When making a toast, the host should hold the glass high, pour a little into the fire first, and then take a sip for the guests to drink.

Ewenki people believe that no one carries the house when they go out, does not entertain others, and no one takes care of them after they go out.