Yangtze River flood 1998, specific affected cities.

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1998, another basin-wide flood occurred in the Yangtze River since 1954. Since mid-June, the flow of the Yangtze River has increased rapidly due to the continuous heavy rain and heavy rain in Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake. Affected by the upstream inflow and flood season, the tidal level along the Yangtze River in our province has exceeded the warning level since June 25th. On July 6th, the high tide at Nanjing Station reached 9.90 meters. The area along the Yangtze River in southern Jiangsu entered Mei from June 24th to July 6th. Because of the high tide level along the river, the drainage of inland river is blocked, which has formed a severe situation of flood disaster. The highest water level at Dongshan Station of Qinhuai River10.28m is the third in history. The highest water level at Xiaoqiao Station of Chuhe River reached 1 1.29 m, which exceeded the warning water level 1.79 m. ..

From the end of July to the beginning of mid-September, influenced by seven consecutive flood peaks in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the confluence of tributaries in the middle reaches, the maximum flow of Datong Station reached 82,300 cubic meters per second on August 2, which was second only to the flood peak flow 1954, ranking second in history. On July 29th, the highest tidal level at Nanjing Station was 10. 14m, ranking second in history. It lasted for10m for 7 days ... The high tide level at Zhenjiang Station on August 24th was 8.37m, only lower than 1954/.

1998, another basin-wide flood occurred in the Yangtze River since 1954. Although the flood has passed, all kinds of arguments are still pouring in, and what's more, it is attributed to "man-made disasters." From a scientific point of view, although this flood is large in magnitude, wide in scope, long in duration and serious in flood disaster, the losses caused are much smaller than those caused by 193 1 and 1954.

The analysis shows that the Yangtze River 1998 flood is mainly caused by abnormal climate, excessive rainstorm, decreased storage capacity of rivers and lakes, reduced peak clipping and elevated water level. The comparison between the maximum flood peak discharge and the maximum flood volume in the 60 days below Jingjiang River shows that 1998 flood is generally less than 1954, and the three floods in the whole basin in this century (193 1, 1954, 1998

The flood level in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River 1998 greatly exceeded the measured water level in 1954. The main reasons for the formation of high flood level are as follows: ① The flood storage capacity of1998 is significantly lower than that of 1954, and the total flood storage and breach in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is10.23 million m3. (2) The storage capacity of the lake decreased. Since the founding of New China, the area of the same rivers and lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has decreased by about 654.38+ 1 100 million km2, and Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake have decreased by more than 654.38+1108 million m3 due to siltation and reclamation. Under the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, governments at all levels and the broad masses of soldiers and civilians made every effort to fight floods and won the overall victory of 1998 in fighting floods and emergency rescue. Summing up experience mainly includes: full preparation before flood season; Unified command and correct decision; Military-civilian joint defense, full rescue; Reservoir dispatching, scientific emergency rescue; Administer water according to law and strictly enforce the law. In post-disaster reflection, we should pay close attention to the following work: heightening and strengthening dikes to eliminate hidden dangers of dikes; Strengthen river regulation to keep the flood unblocked; Construction of flood diversion and storage areas; Do a good job in leveling embankments and flooding, returning farmland to lakes, and building towns by immigrants; Pay close attention to the construction of flood control reservoirs; Strengthen soil and water conservation in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River; Improve modern flood control technology.

1998 Summer, it was unusually rainy in the south of China. The continuous rainstorm pressed the Yangtze River with overwhelming momentum, which made the Yangtze River experience the biggest flood since 1954, and there was no chance to breathe for a moment. Floods spread thousands of miles, and almost the whole basin flooded. Coupled with the floods in Songhua River and Nenjiang River in Northeast China, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei and Heilongjiang provinces in China are the hardest hit areas. Twenty-nine provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions suffered from this innocent disaster, with hundreds of millions of people affected, nearly 5 million houses collapsed, and more than 20 million hectares of land were flooded, resulting in economic losses of more than 654.38+06 billion yuan.

The flood in the Yangtze River is the direct result of soil erosion caused by deforestation and land reclamation in the Yangtze River basin and excessive occupation of rivers in the middle and lower reaches. There are 400 million people living on both sides of the Yangtze River. In the mid-1950s, the forest coverage rate in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River was 22%. Due to continuous land reclamation, factory construction and urbanization, 80% of the forests on both sides of the Yangtze River have been cut down. Of the 193 counties in Sichuan Province, only 12 counties have forest coverage rate over 30%, and some counties have forest coverage rate less than 3%. Because of this, 20% of the 6.5438+0.8 million square kilometers of land in the Yangtze River Basin is subject to soil erosion, and 2.4 billion tons of topsoil is lost every year. Every year, more than 500 million tons of soil and sand are carried from the upstream and flow into the East China Sea along the Yangtze River. Due to the accumulation of sediment year after year, the riverbed of the Yangtze River has been above the ground many years ago, becoming another "suspended river" after the Yellow River. The "clear water" of the Yangtze River is long gone, and its "muddy yellow" degree can be "comparable" to that of the Yellow River. On the other hand, lakes with flood storage function in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are rapidly shrinking. The water area of Dongting Lake decreased from 4,350 square kilometers in 1949 to 2 145 square kilometers, and Poyang Lake decreased by15 in 40 years, and hundreds of small and medium-sized lakes disappeared from the map forever. These are the reasons for the flood of the Yangtze River.

In addition, this flood is also closely related to the strongest El Ni? o phenomenon in a century that broke out in 1997. El Nino's strong warm and humid airflow brought heavy precipitation and caused continuous flood peaks in the Yangtze River basin. La Nina, followed by El Nino, suddenly killed the subtropical high that should have moved northward as scheduled, making the flood situation in the main stream of the Yangtze River, which was once relatively relieved, tense again, so that the whole Yangtze River was in a state of emergency. The close relationship between the Yangtze River flood and global warming worries experts-if the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere doubles, the precipitation on the earth will increase by 3%- 15%, and the increase of rainstorm and flood will go hand in hand with global warming.

1998 the Yangtze river flood is undoubtedly warning people that the ecological environment in the Yangtze river basin is in danger and may bring people new great disasters at any time.