What happened on May 26th in history?

A cave where Buddhist scriptures are preserved

In 479 (Xin Mao, April of the first year of Jianyuan, Emperor Qi Gaodi), the emperor was located in Xiao Daocheng. On the 29th, Xiao Daocheng proclaimed himself emperor and the Song Dynasty perished.

1679-In the struggle against the arbitrary arrest and indefinite imprisonment of its members by the Stuart dynasty, the Whigs in Britain forced King charles ii to sign the Habeas Corpus Act.

1805- Napoleon was crowned king of Italy in Milan.

1840-Lin zexu opposes the policy of closing the country to the outside world.

184 1 year-the first opium war, the first British attack on Guangzhou.

1860—— The Taiping Army captured Changzhou, and Qingjiang and Chun fled to Xushuguan, Suzhou, and hanged themselves.

1914-Yuan Shikai stopped the political participation meeting, appointed Li as the speaker of the Senate, and ordered 70 people to participate in politics.

1926-The indigenous people of Reeve revolted against French rule in Morocco, but the rebellion ended immediately after the surrender of Muslim traitor leader Hobl Kerim.

1933-patriotic generals Feng Yuxiang, Ji Hongchang (made in party member) and Fang Zhenwu set up the "Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Allied Forces" in Zhangjiakou to resist Japanese aggression. Feng Yuxiang was appointed commander-in-chief, and Ji Hongchang was appointed commander-in-chief of the Second Allied Forces and former enemy.

1938 —— Mao Zedong delivered a speech on "On protracted war" at the Yan 'an War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Research Association which ended on June 3rd. Mao Zedong pointed out that War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression is a protracted war, and the final victory is China's. Mao Zedong summed up 10 months' experience in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, further revealed the development law of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and made the thought of protracted war more theoretical and systematic.

1939 —— Mao Zedong wrote The Third Anniversary of Anti-Japanese University for Yan 'an Xinhua Daily. It is pointed out that the anti-university education policy is "firm and correct political direction, hard and simple work style, flexible strategy and tactics".

1940—— The British Navy implemented the "Generator Plan" to retreat from Dunkirk. Under the cover of the allied air force, 8,500 ships of various types withdrew 300,000 people from France to Britain in batches. The British Expeditionary Force lost all its equipment.

1942-Soviet foreign minister Molotov went to London to sign the British-Soviet military alliance for 20 years.

1942 —— Zuo Quan, deputy chief of staff of the Eighth Route Army, died in the battle with Japanese troops in Martin, Liao County, Shanxi Province. Zuo Quan (1906 ——1942) First-phase student of Huangpu Military Academy. He used to be the political commissar and commander of the Red 15 Army and the chief of staff of the First Corps. After the Long March arrived in northern Shaanxi, he served as acting head of the Red Army Corps and chief of staff of the former enemy headquarters of the Red Army.

1942-Dai Anlan, commander of the 200th division of the Chinese Expeditionary Force, died in Myanmar.

1946- bhumibol succeeded to the throne of Thailand.

1955 —— Senior generals and all officers and men of the Soviet Command stationed in Lushunkou area for a long time left Lushun for home. China regains sovereignty over Lushun.

1955—— Khrushchev arrived in Belgrade, apologized for the Soviet Union's handling of Yugoslavia in 1949, and called for re-establishment. 1966 British Guiana became an independent country of the Commonwealth.

1956- The trial flight of Beijing-Lhasa route was successful. The leader transport plane piloted by China Air Force pilots flew over the "Roof of the World" and successfully landed at the airport in Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, setting a new record in aviation history. The trial flight of the Beijing-Lhasa route was successful.

1963-A spokesman for the Ministry of National Defense issued a statement announcing that all captured Indian military personnel had been released and repatriated.

1967 —— June 1954+00+06 Mao Zedong's Letter on the Study of a Dream of Red Mansions was published.

1969-Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Chile signed an agreement to establish Andean integration.

1979—— According to the terms of the new peace treaty with Egypt, Israel officially returned the capital of Sinai Peninsula, which it occupied for more than ten years.

1985-Bangladesh held an emergency cabinet meeting for the hurricane that struck the day before, and declared the 28th as a national mourning day. The hurricane on 25th killed at least 1.5 million people, 25,000 people were missing, more than 300,000 people were homeless, and140,000 livestock died.

2005-internationally renowned journalist and writer Epstein died in Beijing at the age of 90. Epstein, also known as Eppie, was born in Warsaw on April 20th, 2005. 19 1938 came to China with his parents, 1933 began to work for the China revolution, 1957 became a citizen of China, 1964. He used to be the editor-in-chief of China Construction (now China Today) magazine, a member of the Standing Committee of the Sixth to Tenth China People's Political Consultative Conference, and also served as the vice chairman of china welfare institute, the vice chairman of Soong Ching Ling Foundation, the honorary president of China International Friends Research Association, the honorary president of China Translators Association, and the honorary vice chairman of the International Committee of China Industrial Cooperation Association. He is the author of People's War, China's Unfinished Revolution, China's Labor Situation, and Tibet's Transformation.

On May 26th, 18 events were recorded:

Hou Jing Rebellion in the Southern Dynasties ended (552)—

In 547 AD, Xiao Yan, Liang Wudi of the Southern Dynasties, accepted the surrender of Hou Jing, the general of the Eastern Wei Dynasty of the Northern Dynasties, which triggered the "Hou Jing Rebellion" for four years. Hou Yujing Wan Jing, a native of Huai Shuo, first belonged to Northern Wei Er Zhu Rong, then to Eastern Wei Gao Huan, and served as a general guarding Henan.

When Gao Huan died in 547, he was afraid of being killed by Gao Huan Zi and Gao Cheng, and went down to Xiyuan. If he failed, he was attacked by the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Western Wei Dynasty. Hou Jing turned to Nanliang for help. Liang Wudi thought it was a good opportunity to restore the Central Plains, so he accepted it and was named King Yu.

In the second year, Hou Jing colluded with the imperial clan of Liang Dynasty, rose up and rebelled, crossed the Yangtze River to the south, and captured Taicheng, the core of health, which lasted 130 days. The city was hungry and cold, leaving a population of 23/ 10. The city was broken, and the 86-year-old Emperor Wu went to prison and died of hunger and hatred. Hou Jingxian stood at attention and regarded virtue as the emperor. He soon killed him and established Jian Wendi. Jiangdong has been in war for years, burning and looting, and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River have been greatly damaged.

In 55 1 year, Hou Jing abolished Jian Wendi, trampled him to death with a bag full of money, established Emperor Xiao Dongdi, changed Emperor Liang into self-reliance, changed his country name to Han Dynasty, and began to establish the Yuan Dynasty.

On May 26th, 552 (April18th, the year of Liang Chengsheng), Liang and Wang Zengbian fought to break Jiankang City, and Hou Jing was killed by his men when he escaped.

The "Tibetan Sutra Cave" in the Mogao Grottoes was discovered (1900)-

1900 On May 26th, Wang Yuanzhuan, a Taoist priest of Mogao Grottoes, accidentally discovered a "Sutra Collection Cave" in Cave 17 (now numbered), which contained 50,000 to 60,000 pieces of cultural relics from the 4th century to14th century, which was an important archaeological discovery in China in the early 20th century.

In addition to the written version in Chinese, Tibetan, Sanskrit, Cheru, Sogdian, Guhe and Uighur account for about one-sixth, and there are hundreds of works of art such as silk paintings and embroidery. In addition to a large number of Buddhist scriptures, Taoist scriptures and Confucian classics, there are also history books, account books, calendars, deeds, letters and records. These cultural relics are of great historical and scientific value to the study of China's ancient politics, economy, culture, military affairs and friendly exchanges between China and foreign countries.

However, from 1907 to 1925, these cultural treasures of the Chinese nation were stolen and plundered by Stein in Britain, Buriot in France, Odenburg in Russia, Orange Ruichao in Japan and Warner in the United States, which caused great losses to the historical materials of the Mogao Grottoes.

American movie star john wayne was born (1907)-

John wayne) 1907) was born in the United States on May 26th. He is a Hollywood star, famous for acting in westerns. 1939 is famous in the film "Flying over the Mountain". He made 250 films in his life, which had a great influence. He plays a retired boxing champion in The Silent Man, and a fierce fight with another boxer is considered to be the most realistic boxing scene in film history. Wayne died in June 1979, 1 1, ready to cash. In the United States, from the president to the fans, he is highly respected, and Congress also awarded him the Medal of Freedom. To express condolences, Los Angeles? Is it a grave? What are you talking about?

The famous journalist Jacob August Riis passed away (19 14)

Jacob August Riis, a Danish-American, immigrated to the United States mainly to get rich. 1870, 2 1 year-old Jacob August Riis immigrated from Denmark to the United States to find a way out. Since then, Reese has become an inspiration for the national social reform movement through the innovation of camera use.

Reese started his career as a police reporter in a new york newspaper. His sharp articles and shocking photos reached a climax in 1890' s book How the Other Half Lives. Based on a large number of documents, this book describes the "dirty core of slums in new york"-these dirty areas are like the habitats of robbers and hutongs frequented by thieves-which caused a sensation and won the friendship of theodore roosevelt and the respect of reformers everywhere. Years later, The Struggle with Slums published by Rees reported the process of urban housing reform. In various senses, Reese is a pioneer. He established a residential area in 190 1 and named it after him. He mercilessly warned his compatriots, "People can't live like pigs ..... we don't have to wait until peace and prosperity to get rid of slums. We can do it now. " Reese died today and the slum still exists.

The war in Reeve ended (1926)—

On May 26th, in Morocco, rebel leader Abd El Kerim surrendered. He defeated the Spanish army in the north and became a hero of the Reeve tribe, but when he attacked french morocco, he was out of his depth. When France and Spain joined forces against him, his troops could not resist the advanced weapons and equipment of France and Spain.

Rebels have been surrounded in Tucker West since last Saturday. Abd al-Kerim once boasted that this place was indestructible. But he only has 30,000 soldiers at most, but his opponents are French Marshal Henry philip petain and160,000 soldiers backed by powerful artillery. Being besieged, the rebels were forced to surrender.

Abdul Kerim is a thorn in the side of European powers in Morocco. France now plans to resume its so-called appeasement policy. From 19 12, France took control of Morocco, became a protectorate of Morocco, and was recognized by other European countries. French and Spanish troops have police in this area.

Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Coalition was established (1933)-

On May 26th, Feng Yuxiang, Ji Hongchang and Fang Zhenwu announced the establishment of the "Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Coalition" in Zhangjiakou, with Feng Yuxiang as commander-in-chief, Fang Zhenwu as commander-in-chief and Ji Hongchang as commander-in-chief. Under its jurisdiction: four divisions of Fang Zhenwu Anti-Japanese Salvation Army, four divisions of Ji Hongchang Second Army, four divisions of Tong First Army, two divisions of Ruan Xuanwu Fifth Army, two divisions of Sixth Army, three divisions of Sixteenth Army, five divisions of Huang Shouzhong Eighteenth Army, four divisions of Fifth Route Army, cavalry marching into two armies and three divisions of Chahar Self-Defense Force.

On the same day, Feng Yuxiang issued an inaugural telegram saying: Japanese imperialism has invaded China by one inch. Destroy our country and enslave our nation with the aim of never changing. People in power gave up the three provinces without resistance, lost the Jehol with false resistance, and were defeated by Songhu Ping Jin when local resistance was not complete. That is, as far as the Northern War is concerned, less than one-tenth of the national army was used to resist Japan, and the navy and air force were not deployed at all; Less than one-twentieth of the national income is spent on anti-Japanese, and people's donations are still blocked and misappropriated. The most important thing is that the government has almost never made up its mind to resist Japan, and has never formulated and implemented the whole operational plan. Moreover, the treatment of trapped troops is unfair, and it is really difficult for hungry troops to fight. Although several brave warriors single-handedly won a partial victory for a while, they failed to help in the end and suffered setbacks. Whoever chooses the front line beyond the Great Wall is not in line with the rules. The enemy will attack Peiping and Tianjin, and the Communist Youth League will take Bird. Not only hope to die, but also know that the north of the Yellow River is not guaranteed. Instead of making a plan for the whole army to counterattack, the authorities turned to a compromise plan. The party should bear the burden of humiliation, deceive itself, stabilize people's hearts and deceive others. The blood shed by the former enemy anti-Japanese soldiers and the sweat shed by the people in the rear for the anti-Japanese war will become worthless sacrifices. If it is difficult to live in peace for a while, the disaster will be deeper in the future. It is urgent to subjugate the country and raise slaves. Yuxiang lives in Bird. Over the past few months, people's organizations and messengers from Ping Jin, Shanghai, Guangdong and other provinces and cities have come frequently, and writing and broadcasting are popular, responsible for justice and reasoning, and encouraging anti-Japanese. Yuxiang deeply understands the freedom and sacred obligation of every citizen to resist aggression and save the country. Self-examination is too weak to avoid death and drag out an ignoble existence. On May 26th, 2002, I was appointed as the Commander-in-Chief of the People's Front-line Anti-Japanese Allied Forces in this province. Leading like-minded soldiers and civilians to form an anti-Japanese front, armed to defend Chad, recover lost territory and strive for China's independence and freedom. Have a little strength, do your best, have great strength, do your best, righteousness lies in it, and would rather die than surrender. Those who really resist Japan are friends of the people and also my friends. Anyone who does not resist Japan or pretends to resist Japan is the enemy of the people and mine. It is hoped that the people of the whole country will unite to expel powerful enemies, safeguard national survival and restore territorial integrity. I sincerely hope to give you guidance and help.

Mao Zedong on protracted war (1938)-

1938 On May 26th, Mao Zedong gave a speech on "On protracted war" at the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Research Association in Yan 'an.

He comprehensively inspected the occurrence and development of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and pointed out that the Sino-Japanese War was not another war. In this war, China and Japan have four contradictory basic characteristics: First, Japan is an imperialist power and China is a semi-colonial and semi-feudal weak country; Second, the Japanese war of aggression is retrogressive and barbaric, while China's war of anti-aggression is progressive and just. Third, although Japan's combat power is strong, it is a small country after all, and its manpower, military strength, financial resources and material resources are insufficient, so it cannot withstand a long-term war; Fourthly, the Japanese unjust war is powerless internationally, while China's just war has been greatly helped. The first characteristic determines that the Japanese attack can run rampant in China for a while, but it is impossible for China to win quickly, and the Anti-Japanese War will go through a difficult course. The last three characteristics determine that China will not perish. After a long war of resistance, it will eventually win.

On Protracted War foresees that War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression will go through three stages: strategic defense, strategic stalemate and strategic counterattack. Judging from the strength comparison between the two sides, China is bound to go from inferiority to balance and then to superiority, and Japan is bound to go from superiority to balance and then to inferiority.

On protracted war emphasizes that "soldiers and people are the foundation of victory" and "the deepest source of the great power of war lies in the people", and the key to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory lies in the implementation of the people's war.

Dai Anlan was martyred in Myanmar (1942)

1On May 26th, 942, Dai Anlan, commander of the 200th Division of the First Road of the Chinese Expeditionary Force, died heroically. Zhou Enlai sent a tribute to the elegiac couplet: "The British of Huangpu, the outstanding of the nation."

Dai Anlan is from Anhui. 1924 was admitted to the third phase of Huangpu Military Academy. After graduation, he served as company, battalion, regiment, brigade and deputy division commander, and participated in the Great Wall Anti-Japanese War, the battles of Caohe and Zhanghe on Pinghan Line, Taierzhuang Campaign and Wuhan Campaign.

1939 1 month, Dai Anlan was promoted to 20O division commander of the fifth Kuomintang army; In 65438+February, Dai led his troops to participate in the Battle of South Guangxi, shouldering the task of attacking Kunlun Pass head-on, hitting the Japanese hard.

1in the spring of 942, Dai Anlan and his men were incorporated into the first battle sequence of the Chinese Expeditionary Force and entered Myanmar to resist Japan. In the Battle of Tonggu, the 200th and 55th divisions of the Japanese army fought bloody battles 12 day and night, killing more than 5,000 people, delaying the Japanese army's northward advance and covering the retreat of the British army, which was highly praised by American Lieutenant General Stilwell and senior British generals. After the war situation in Myanmar deteriorated, Dai Anlan was ordered to lead the 200th Division to retreat, and was shot in the chest and abdomen when passing through Siam-Mombasa-Kaige Highway, and was seriously injured. Dai Anlan died in Maobang Village, Myanmar on May 26th due to rainy season, lack of medical care and wound infection and suppuration.

Mao Zedong and others arrived in Xibaipo (1948)—

On May 26th, 1948, the Central Committee and Mao Zedong entered Xibaipo Village, Pingshan County, Hebei Province.

On March 23rd,,, Ren led the Central Committee and the People's Liberation Army headquarters to leave the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, crossed the Yellow River in Kawaguchi, wubu county, northern Shaanxi, passed through the Jinsui Liberated Area, and arrived at Caijiaya, Xing County on 25th. He left Xing County on April 4th, passed Shenchi and Yanmenguan, crossed Wutai Mountain, and arrived in Fuping, Hebei Province on June 5438+0 1. Today, I arrived in Xibaipo and joined the Central Working Committee who arrived early.

Signed Bonn Treaty (1952)

In the early 1950s, the opposition between the East and the West intensified. In order to fight against the Soviet Union, the western allies want to establish a "European defense group" to absorb West Germany, that is, to rearm West Germany. At this time, the relationship between Germany and the western occupying power also needs to be adjusted, so that Germany can provide troops for the western defense alliance.

1952 On May 26th, the United States, Britain, France and West Germany signed the Bonn Treaty, which consists of a series of agreements and annexes, such as the Treaty on Relations between the Three Countries and the Federal Republic of Germany, the Treaty on the Rights and Duties of Foreign Troops and Personnel in the Federal Republic of Germany and so on. It stipulates that: the United States, Britain and France abolished the occupation law, but the armies of the three countries remained in West Germany; The Federal Republic of Germany participates in the "European Defence Group" and so on. Due to the French veto in August 1954, the "European Defence Group" failed to be formed, but West Germany rearmed in another form.

Normalization of South Jiangsu Relations (1955)

1955 On May 26th, a government delegation led by Khrushchev, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Soviet Union, visited Yugoslavia. This is the first meeting between the heads of government of the two countries since 1948 broke down the relationship between southern Jiangsu.

Immediately after arriving at Belgrade airport, Khrushchev shook hands with Yugoslav President Tito and, in the name of Lenin, urgently demanded reconciliation "for the benefit of the international workers' movement".

This historic change in the Soviet Union's attitude towards the leaders of independent Yugoslavia occurred seven years after the interruption of relations between the two producing countries. Yugoslavia was expelled from the producer camp in June 1948. At the summit meeting attended by Soviet Prime Minister Nikolai Bulganin, Khrushchev called for ideological cooperation. He deeply regretted the "deterioration of the situation" in Yugoslavia in the past, and blamed everything on the fabrication of former Soviet Interior Minister lavrenti beria who was executed in 1953. During and after Khrushchev said these words, Tito stood silently and did not respond to the words of the Soviet leader.

On June 2, the two countries issued the Belgrade Declaration, stressing that in their relations with each other and other countries, they should respect the principles of sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity, equality, peaceful coexistence, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, opposing aggression and controlling other countries, and developing economic and cultural cooperation. Khrushchev wanted to directly restore the relationship between the two parties in southern Jiangsu through his private visit and pull Yugoslavia back to the Eastern Group. But Tito insisted on not belonging to any group. Therefore, the Belgrade Declaration only marks the normalization of relations between southern Jiangsu and China.

Subsequently, the countries of the Eastern European Group resumed their relations with Yugoslavia to varying degrees. At the same time, the relationship between the Yugoslav Party and the socialist countries * * * production party has gradually recovered. However, Yugoslavia has never returned to group politics, insisted on the independence of domestic and foreign policies, and never joined any military group. While restoring relations with socialist countries such as the Soviet Union, it declared that "it will not damage relations with the West."

The test flight in Lhasa, Beijing was successful (1956)-

Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, is located on the roof of the world, with high altitude and lack of oxygen, changeable climate, surrounded by mountains and extremely inconvenient transportation.

1956 In May, with the care of the CPC Central Committee and the support of the People's Liberation Army, Dangxiong Airport was built, and climate observation stations and communication and navigation stations were also built on the Qinghai-Tibet Highway and the Sichuan-Tibet Highway. The air force and civil aviation departments have also arrived from Qinghai and Sichuan, and the preparations for sailing into Tibet are ready.

On the morning of May 26th, 1956, the commander of an air force unit, Lin Han, took off from Yushu Airport in Qinghai to perform the first flight mission in Lhasa and landed at Dangxiong Airport at 9: 22 am. After the plane landed, it went on to take off on the runway. It was a great success together. This proves that the plane can land or take off in the absence of oxygen at the plateau. Air force and civil aviation pilots bravely broke into the "air restricted zone" with fearless revolutionary spirit, successfully opened the route from Beijing to Lhasa, and opened the first page in the history of Tibetan aviation.

U-2 reconnaissance plane made the summit of the four countries difficult to give birth (1960)-

1On May 26th, 960, the Soviets shot down an American spy plane, which triggered a diplomatic storm, strained relations between the East and the West, interrupted the summit meeting of the four countries, worsened the disarmament conference in Japan, and aroused some threatening accusations against the United Nations. At today's Security Council meeting, Soviet Foreign Minister gromyko accused the United States of trying to push the world to the brink of war, because the United States continued to pursue the policy of "anti-Soviet military espionage and sabotage". U.S special envoy rocky called gromyko's speech "an absurd excuse".

When Soviet Prime Minister Khrushchev announced on the 5th that the U-2 reconnaissance plane 1 was shot down, diplomats took urgent action to prevent the four-nation summit in Paris from having a difficult birth. American allies did not defend the mission of the plane and take photos of Soviet military facilities. The allies considered the shooting down of the plane a diplomatic disaster. The situation is getting worse and worse because the United States is ambiguous about the mission of pilot Francis Gary Bowles. The State Council initially denied that Bowles had a spy mission, but officials admitted that he did, and finally said that his mission was justified.

Khrushchev flew into a rage. However, when he arrived in Paris on 14, his attitude was calm. British Prime Minister Macmillan acted as an intermediary to mediate the relationship between the Soviet Prime Minister and President Eisenhower. When President Eisenhower agreed to announce the cancellation of the production plan of the U-2 aircraft, there was hope of easing relations. But when he refused to give in to Khrushchev and apologized for the mission, their relationship became tense again. In this way, the summit ended on 17. After the failure of the talks, Prime Minister Macmillan and French Prime Minister Charles de Gaulle both stood in the position of the United States, and they issued a joint communique, expressing "complete disgust with the attitude of the Soviet delegation". Several Soviet editors responded that the talks were destroyed by the "aggression" of the United States.

In Geneva, the disarmament negotiations and the nuclear test ban negotiations were disturbed by the friction between the Soviet Union and the United States. The only beneficiary of this new tension is NATO. The rift between Washington and Moscow has strengthened NATO.

China successfully launched a ground-to-ground medium-range missile for the first time (1967)-

1967 On May 26th, China successfully launched a ground-to-ground medium-range missile for the first time.

The United States and the Soviet Union signed an agreement on the limitation of strategic nuclear weapons (1972)

At the beginning of 1964, the United States proposed to the Soviet Union to hold talks on limiting strategic weapons. 1969 101On October 25th, the two sides reached an agreement to hold talks in Helsinki on October 7th.

1On May 26th, 972, the heads of the United States and the Soviet Union signed the Treaty on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems, the Interim Agreement on Certain Measures for the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Weapons and a series of supplementary agreements in Moscow, which are collectively called the START I Treaty.

According to the treaty, the two sides can deploy no more than 100 anti-ballistic missiles and six anti-ballistic missile radars within a radius of 150 km with their respective capitals as the center; Near a continental missile base defense with a radius of 150km, no more than 100 anti-ballistic missiles, two large anti-ballistic missile radars and 18 smaller radars can be deployed. The treaty is in force indefinitely.

German philosopher Heidegger passed away (1976)—

Martin heidegger is one of the most influential philosophers in the 20th century, and he is very famous in Europe. Twenty-three years ago today, he died at the age of 86 in the town of Mesk, his birthplace in West Germany.

Heidegger was born on September 26th, 1889. He studied philosophy at the University of Freiburg. His tutor is edmund husserl, the founder of Phenomenology School. 1923, he taught in Marburg and won the position of chief professor among many colleagues, including theologian paul tillich. 1928 returned to Freiburg University to replace Husserl. 1933, when the Nazis rose, he was appointed as the principal, but resigned a year later. He had a brief contact with the Nazis, but soon parted ways, which affected his reputation for the rest of his life, partly because he refused to give any explanation.

Although he denied the title given to him, Heidegger's thinking about "survival" started the existential movement, and his book "Survival and Times" greatly influenced Sartre.

The Italian cabinet was ousted due to the scandal of Ma Sonik (198 1)-

1981on may 26th, nearly a thousand government officials had contact with a secret organization called ma Sonik. After the scandal was exposed, the cabinet of the Italian Prime Minister resigned.

Last week, the police found a list of 953 people, including cabinet members, parliamentarians, judges and bankers, in the home of Licio Gully, the head of the P 2 branch of Masonic, an illegal organization. Although it has not been confirmed whether all 953 people are members of the organization, this incident forced Prime Minister Follanyi and his cabinet to resign.

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