What is the Italian-Turkish War?

1911~1912 The Italian-Turkish War, also known as the Tripolitania War or the Libyan War, was an aggressive war launched by Italy to seize the northern African provinces of the Ottoman Empire-Tripolitania and cyrenaica (now Libya). The war lasted for one year from September 19 1 1 to September 19 12 10, and finally ended with the surrender of the Turkish government and the signing of a cession treaty with Italy. In the war, Italy used airplanes for the first time to complete military tasks, which attracted the attention of all countries. From then on, the war began to develop from plane to three-dimensional.

Tripoli, Tania and cyrenaica are deserts in North Africa with limited economic value, but they are strategically important, and Italy has been spying on them for a long time. During the period from 1880 to 19 1 1, they constantly immigrated to the two places, sent businessmen to buy land, and actively expanded their power; Send naval officers to change into fishermen's clothes and conduct coastal surveys in the name of fishing sponges on the coast of Tania, Tripoli; Instruct Italian Catholic priests to go deep into the mainland to collect information in the name of missionary work. When the second moroccan crises incident happened, Italy thought that it would lose the opportunity if it didn't act, so it took the unfair treatment of Italians in Tania and cyrenaica in Tripoli as an excuse to pre-empt them and issued an ultimatum to them on September 28th, 19 1 1, threatening to invade the above areas. Turkey called on all countries to stop Italy's aggression attempt, but all major countries suggested that Turkey accept Italy's request. In this case, the Italian-Turkish war broke out.

On September 29th, more than 50,000 Italian troops first shelled Tripoli, Hums and other cities from the sea. The defense force of the Turkish Empire in this area is very weak, only one division has about 7,000 people, and most of the soldiers come from the interior of Turkey and are unwilling to fight in foreign countries. 1On the night of October 4th, 1600 Italian troops landed and occupied Tripoli and Hums without fierce resistance. 1 1 day, 35,000 Italian expeditionary forces began to land in Tripoli, repelling several local defenders and occupying bloody sands and Dellner. 19, the Italian fleet covered an infantry division landing in Benghazi. After two days of fierce fighting, it occupied the city. After the war began, the Italian army blocked the coastline of the war zone, and Britain did not allow the Turkish army to pass through Egypt, which made it impossible for the Turkish army to reinforce North Africa. By the end of 10, the Italian army had taken control of some major coastal cities in Tania, Tripoli and cyrenaica. In this war, the Italian army mobilized 9 planes and 1 1 pilots to participate in the war. These planes were packed in boxes and transported to Tripoli Bay in June+10/October 65438+May. From 6: 0019 to 7: 20 on the 23rd, Captain piazza flew a bleriot XI plane for more than an hour's reconnaissance on the ground between Tripoli and Azizia, which kicked off the aircraft's participation in the war. On 25th, when Moizo, the co-pilot, was flying the "Xingang" plane for reconnaissance, his wing was injured by three rifle bullets, which was the first time that the plane was killed by enemy ground fire. On June 1 65438+1October1day, Captain Gavotti dropped four "Sippelli" grenades weighing 2 kg on the Turkish army positions in Tagila Oasis and Ainzara in North Africa, making it the first bombing in history. As a result, Turkey accused Italy of bombing the hospital.

Although the Italian army won the first battle. However, the development of the war, contrary to Italy's wishes, entered a stalemate stage and made the Italian army pay a huge price, mainly because of the strong resistance of the local people. 1911654381On October 23rd, Tripoli residents held an armed uprising, and the Italian Expeditionary Force sent 90,000 troops to brutally suppress the people in the occupied areas. It was not until the spring of 19 12 that the occupied coastal zone was barely held, but it was never able to go deep into the mainland. During this period, the Italian army used the plane to drop thousands of leaflets on June 5438+ 10/0 in an attempt to persuade the Arab people to surrender, which added an air propaganda task to the plane. On February 23rd, Captain piazza made his first attempt to use the camera fixed on the plane for aerial reconnaissance. The invasion of North Africa by Italian troops caused opposition from Arab countries. Guerrillas and volunteers from Tunisia, Algeria and Egypt fought bravely against the invaders, which caused great losses to the Italian army. In May, the Italian army increased its infantry to 654.38+million, transferred 35 planes, some airships and other technical weapons, and took greater military action. They occupied Zanzul and Lebda Oasis, and the fleet shelled Turkish ports such as Da Daniil Strait and Beirut fortifications, forcing the strait to close, and captured Rhode Island, Kos Island and Dodd kanis Islands. On May 2nd, Captain marengo, the captain of the Second Air Force of the Italian Army, conducted a 30-minute night reconnaissance for the first time. Before dawn on June 1 1, the first night bombing was carried out on the Turkish camp with a flashlight fixed on the flying cap. Due to the new threat of war in the Balkans and the increasingly serious crisis in Turkey, Turkey wanted to end its war with Italy as soon as possible, so in June 5438+00 and June 5438+05, it signed a peace treaty with Italy in Uzzi, near Lausanne, Switzerland, and Turkey ceded Tania, cyrenaica, Rhode Island and Dodd kanis Islands to Italy, thus ending the Italian-Turkish war.

The Italian-Turkish War was one of several local wars that broke out before the First World War. Taking advantage of Turkey's declining favorable international environment, Italy launched this war of aggression, occupied Tripoli, Tania and cyrenaica, and realized its ambition of establishing colonies in North Africa for many years. In the final analysis, this war was caused by the vicious expansion of Italian colonial expansion ambitions. At the same time, it is also the massacre of the "backward" Arab people by the so-called "advanced" countries using the latest weapons made by human civilization. It not only exposes the aggressive nature of imperialism, but also shows the rebellious spirit of the people of Tania and cyrenaica in Tripoli who are not afraid of violence and dare to fight to the death with the invaders with advanced weapons and equipment. In the history of military art, the Italian army used aircraft in actual combat, which created a precedent for aircraft to participate in the war, thus greatly accelerating the development of military aviation and causing a profound revolution in modern war strategy and tactics. Since then, the war has developed from a plane to a three-dimensional one.