What are the effective poverty alleviation measures? What aspects need to be further strengthened?

Implementing precise poverty alleviation is a complex systematic project, involving thousands of households, and the situation is very different. In order to ensure the effectiveness of accurate poverty alleviation, we should proceed from the reality of poor villages and poor households, formulate practical measures of "one village, one industry" and "one household, one policy", and implement "two-way full coverage" for poverty alleviation targets, so that every cadre can participate in helping poor households, and every poor household has cadre assistance services.

The first is pairing assistance. Adhere to the "send policy, send warm, send service" (hereinafter referred to as "three send") as the starting point, and actively carry out the "three send" cadres mutual assistance. Each of the "Three Deliveries" cadres will help 3-5 households and actively carry out poverty alleviation activities for leading cadres. That is, the on-the-job municipal leading cadres, the on-the-job county (city, district) county-level leaders, and the "top leaders" of the municipal and municipal units respectively paired up to help three poor households; Leading cadres at the deputy county (department) level directly under the municipal government and units directly under the municipal government, leading cadres at the county (city, district) level directly under the municipal government, and helping 2 poor households in the county (city, district) units and townships (towns); Party member cadres working in cities, counties (cities, districts) and townships (towns) help in pairs 1 poor households.

The second is industrial assistance. For those who have the ability and enthusiasm to work, we should take the form of replacing them with awards, providing seedlings, providing small loans or interest subsidies, providing information, technology and services, and mobilize the poor to participate in poor economic entities in the form of shares of means of production such as land, mountains, water and labor through the modes of "company+base+farmers", "enterprise+farmers" and "cooperative organization+farmers". Guide them to develop 1-2 kinds of breeding or tourism services, rely on their own strength to get rid of poverty and become rich, pay special attention to the synchronous development of professional cooperatives, improve the organizational level of poor people and improve their ability to resist market risks.

The third is resettlement assistance. On a voluntary basis, we will actively promote ex situ poverty alleviation and relocation, integrate ecological migration and geological disaster relocation projects, and relocate poor people and villages living in areas with poor living environment, poor infrastructure and frequent natural disasters. Combined with the project of "entering the city into the garden" and the renovation of dilapidated adobe houses in rural areas, we will focus on resettling poor people with poor living conditions to places with good production and living conditions such as industrial parks, central towns or central villages, improve their living environment and employment conditions, and enhance their development ability. Through counterpart training, targeted recruitment and other forms, we will guide the poor to move to central towns and industrial parks, organically combine the development of characteristic industries with recruitment and employment, and effectively solve the follow-up development problems of relocated households.

The fourth is skills training and assistance. Taking farmers' knowledge-based projects and pre-job training for labor export as the carrier, taking improving farmers' application of advanced technology in fruit production and improving farmers' livelihood as the main content, we will integrate training resources such as labor transfer training, "Rain and Dew Plan" and vocational education to provide free skills training for the helping objects, so that each poor object can master at least 1 employment skills or practical technologies, and promote stable employment and increase income and get rid of poverty.

The fifth is infrastructure assistance. Every year, 654.38 million yuan is allocated to poor villages to promote poverty alleviation, effectively integrate relevant agriculture-related funds, and focus on places where poor people are concentrated and infrastructure conditions such as water, electricity and roads are seriously lagging behind, helping to improve access roads, power supply and water supply conditions, farmland water conservancy facilities and information infrastructure, and improve village appearance. Combined with the construction of new countryside and the renovation of adobe houses in rural dilapidated buildings, we will build a number of demonstration villages, promote poverty alleviation in the whole village, and solve the problems of industrial development, people walking and drinking water.

Sixth, cooperatives drive assistance. Guided by the demonstration of cooperatives, family farms and leading enterprises, poor households will be guided to participate in industrial development in the form of land, mountains, grasslands, waters, labor and other resources. Give certain loan discount or industrial fund support to cooperatives, family farms and leading enterprises that drive poor households to develop industries. Get rid of poverty through demonstration.

The seventh is to ensure assistance. In line with the conditions of rural subsistence allowances, medical assistance, temporary assistance, housing assistance and education aid, the relevant policies will be implemented in a timely manner and corresponding assistance will be given. For those who meet the needs of the renovation of adobe houses in rural dilapidated buildings, priority should be given to the renovation of adobe houses, and "one-on-one, full coverage" assistance should be done to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of assistance.

Third, to implement accurate poverty alleviation, we must implement the responsibility of helping households.

1. Strengthen organizational leadership and implement work responsibilities. Implementing "one-on-one" poverty alleviation for the poor is a systematic project, a livelihood project with strong policies and an important political task. In order to ensure the realization of the goal and task of poverty alleviation to households, all localities should set up and implement a leading group for precision poverty alleviation, which is mainly responsible for the organization, leadership and coordination of precision poverty alleviation. Implement a hierarchical responsibility system, decompose work responsibilities step by step, and implement them to units and individuals. We must be responsible at all levels, be responsible for people, and not get rid of poverty.

2. Strengthen fund management to ensure safe operation. First, strict household management of poverty alleviation funds. Further improve the operation and project management mechanism of poverty alleviation funds, standardize the investment and use scope of poverty alleviation funds, implement special account management and closed operation of poverty alleviation funds, and ensure that funds are earmarked; The second is to implement the "one card" system of poverty alleviation funds to households. Poverty alleviation funds to households to implement the "one card" management in real-name registration system, to ensure that funds are in place in time, in full and safely; The third is to establish a public publicity system for the management of poverty alleviation funds to households, accept the supervision of the masses and the society, be open and transparent, have standardized procedures and complete procedures, and bring into play benefits. The fourth is to ensure that poverty alleviation funds are used for poverty alleviation targets to develop production and increase income.

3. Establish an evaluation mechanism to ensure the implementation of the work. To do a good job in the implementation of poverty alleviation to households, it is necessary to establish and improve the evaluation and incentive mechanism for poverty alleviation to households. The first is the supervision and inspection mechanism. Establish a city-to-county (city) and county-to-township (town) supervision and inspection mechanism to achieve "half-year inspection and one-year assessment". The second is the assessment and incentive mechanism. Formulate evaluation and reward methods, and take poverty alleviation to households as an important part of the annual assessment of local county (city) and township (town) party and government teams. All localities should carry out detailed decomposition of fund implementation, objectives and tasks, and completion progress. , item by item, comprehensive evaluation, clear rewards and punishments. Organizational rewards will be given to those who have successfully completed the task, and informed criticism will be given to those who have not completed the task.