Seeking 1 composition: China's feelings in China people's hearts

China Heart, China Love, China Seal! Label: Miscellaneous talk

Connecting International Students in 1950s-1960s (I)

From 1950 to 1952, China successively reached an agreement with the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries to exchange students, and began to implement it one after another. The number of overseas students sent by the education department in China is 65438+35 0950, 195 1, 1952, 23 1,1953,675, 1954. From 1957 to 1960, the annual quantity will be reduced to 400~500. After the tension between the Soviet Union and China in the early 1960s, the number of dispatched personnel was further reduced. After 1964, it basically stopped sending to the Soviet Union and sent to western countries instead.

Qian Xuesen

Born in 19 1 1, 1934 graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University, and went to study in the United States the following year. 1938 studied in the Department of Aeronautical Engineering of California Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA, and obtained a doctorate from California Institute of Technology. 1In the autumn of 955, Qian Xuesen returned to the embrace of the motherland. From then on, with profound knowledge and sincere patriotism, he devoted himself to the research and development of new China rockets, missiles and spacecraft. It took only four years for China to successfully develop and launch its first short-range missile, four years for medium-and short-range missiles, and two years for China to possess missile nuclear weapons.

Deng Jiaxian

1947 passed the American postgraduate examination and entered the graduate school of Purdue University in Indiana, USA in June 1948+00. Because of his outstanding academic performance, he finished all the credits in less than two years and passed the doctoral thesis defense. At this time, he was only 26 years old and was called "Doctor Doll".

1950 In August, nine days after receiving his Ph.D. in the United States, Deng Jiaxian declined the retention of his teachers and friends and decided to return to China. In the same year 10, Deng Jiaxian came to the Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences as a researcher.

Zhang Chen/series of upsurge of studying abroad in modern science and technology.

This is an era that needs returnees and achieves returnees. In the past 26 years of reform, returned students have played a vital role. They have become the brains of China's reform, acting as promoters of China's reform, reformers of legal society, China's financial market, reformers in the field of education, practitioners of social reform and so on. As long as China does not surpass the western developed countries in an all-round way, the historical mission of returnees is still unfinished.

The reform and opening up from 65438 to 0978 was a desperate move initiated by a generation of great men with personal authority under specific historical conditions. In the longer term, it is actually the recovery and continuation of the modernization process that lasted for a hundred years in modern China. History is so strikingly similar that international students once again show their unique position and role in the process of modernization and become the vanguard of China's opening to the outside world. At this time, international students were sent to Europe and the United States. At that time, China's reform and opening up had just started, and the opposition between China and the West was still serious. Most international students are sent through strict selection, and the channels for sending international students have not been fully opened, so these students have basically not stayed. The situation of international students (about 6000) being sent back to China for service at this stage is the best compared with later. Their return to China alleviated the talent shortage crisis in China after the Cultural Revolution to some extent. # $ Page $ #

Since the early 1980s, China has gradually liberalized the policy of studying abroad at its own expense and various channels for studying abroad (such as inter-school exchanges, local fund-raising, departmental public schools and self-contact). ), leading to the rapid rise of "going abroad fever" nationwide, "studying in the United States fever" was first formed at this stage. After 1984, more than half of them went to study in the United States. At this stage, the number of people studying abroad for postgraduate degree or above began to increase substantially, and the age of international students began to be younger.

In the middle and late 1980s, the "fever of going abroad" continued to heat up, and the scale of studying abroad at one's own expense and company's public expense expanded rapidly. The upsurge of studying in the United States is in the ascendant, and the upsurge of studying in Japan, heating, Australia and Britain is one after another. At this stage, the overseas students can be described as "mixed fish and dragons" and "mud and sand". Studying abroad at one's own expense has become a shortcut for many people to work abroad to earn money or emigrate to other countries, and some units have also experienced abnormal phenomena such as "sending by turns" and "going abroad to take care of".

At the beginning of 1992, Deng Xiaoping delivered a far-reaching "southern tour speech", which conveyed to the world that China would further deepen its reform and open wider to the outside world. China has further adjusted and improved its policy of studying abroad at its own expense and in public schools. The general trend is more stable, loose, fair and reasonable. Not only has the state's supervision of studying abroad gone out of the blind and disorderly misunderstanding to a certain extent, but ordinary people have also returned to a calm and rational mentality from their fanaticism and blind obedience to studying abroad. # $ Page $ #

1998 or so, which is the peak period for returnees to start businesses on the internet. With the popularity of Internet economy, Zhang Chaoyang suddenly became a household name. Since 1980s, China has exported 20,000 international students every year. Almost half of the science and engineering graduates from famous universities such as Peking University and Tsinghua have gone abroad. When a group of returnees returned from studying abroad in the middle and late 1990s, the returnees achieved their own transcendence, which shocked the Chinese people. The dream of a millionaire seems within reach, as long as you are a "turtle" who is not too stupid.

In this environment, studying abroad has become a very fashionable thing. Every parent tries every means to let their children board the "express train" of studying abroad. The craze for studying abroad has also brought a wave of learning foreign languages, and the enthusiasm for learning foreign languages all over the country is out of control. 1993165438+10, Beijing new oriental foreign language school, a commercial folk foreign language school, was formally registered. By the end of 1995, the number of students in New Oriental had exceeded 15000, and students from all corners of the country came together for the same "revolutionary goal"-studying abroad.

With the continuous high temperature of the tide of going abroad, the domestic employment market for international students has encountered a cold winter. Because of the emergence of a large number of self-funded study abroad, the quality of international students has become mixed, and even many international students hold the idea of spending a long vacation abroad with their family money. A large number of international students can't get their degrees and have to go back to China. However, the high treatment requirements and unrealistic ability of "returnees" have also made many corporate executives frown. The golden signboard of international students is slowly fading away, so "waiting for the sea" has become a hot word for a time.

At present, economic globalization is developing rapidly. At the same time, the international market has expanded rapidly in the fields of trade and finance, science and technology, and education and culture. In such a market, where there are opportunities, there will be the flow and development of international talents. In the past ten years, China has the fastest economic and social development in the world, and attracted more and more international talents, especially overseas students who have returned to work and started businesses. But on the whole, there is still great potential for overseas students in China to return to China to start businesses. But the choice of studying abroad needs to be more cautious. We must be clear about our goals and have a broader vision. At the same time, we must not lose the spirit of hard work. The demand for returnees in China's current development is far from saturated.

Sun Li-a boat in the tide of studying abroad

It has been 25 years since China reopened its doors. After a whole generation accumulated knowledge and wealth with wisdom and perseverance, China finally gained gratifying results in the collective return of returnees. "Returnees" landed in an all-round way and penetrated into all levels of social life. "Returnees" with broader international horizons and richer life experiences have undoubtedly gained the advantages of facing the times and the future. Sun Li is one of them.

Sun Li, 1948 was born in Beijing and grew up in a scholarly family. After graduating from Capital Normal University, he was assigned to work in Beijing Metal Research Institute. By 1985, he had embarked on the post of senior engineer, which was a very smooth life track at that time. At that time, he once thought that he would spend his life in the graduate school, but a chance later changed his life completely. # $ Page $ #

1989 In the spring, the then Institute of Metals received a letter, and the Institute of National Academy of Sciences of the United Kingdom hoped to exchange students with the China Institute of Metals. This opportunity caused an uproar in the institute. Everyone is eager to learn and communicate in technologically advanced Britain, but at the same time they have some inexplicable fears about a completely strange country. Just when everyone was timid about this opportunity, Sun Li was the first to stand up and "take" a quota firmly and confidently.

"At that time, I couldn't tell why I went there, but I always felt that the environment was boring. The social system at that time made people feel a sense of suffocation unconsciously. People are eager to communicate, know themselves more clearly, examine themselves and soar in a wider world. So when this opportunity came, I chose it without hesitation and didn't even consider the possible consequences. " Sun Li recalled afterwards.

After he spent his first year in England and gradually overcame many difficulties in life, formal research work began. It was only after he officially worked that he found that it was so difficult to work in a foreign country, not because of the language barrier, nor because of the distance between nationalities, but because of the huge gap in management system. The research institutes there operated like companies, and even every research topic was regarded as a commercial project. The personnel management system there was far from the dull "big pot" in China at that time. After going abroad, Sun Li was at a loss for the first time. What he did was to think more deeply. At this time, he not only cares about the technical differences in metal research between the two countries, but also cares about the management systems and concepts of the two countries. Therefore, he spent all his spare time observing the operation of various companies and enterprises and studying various books on business management and business operation.

When 1995 set off the first wave of "study abroad fever" in China, Sun Li returned to China. At that time, everyone didn't understand why. After returning to China, he immediately made another thing that surprised everyone-he went to the institute the day after returning to China and submitted his resignation letter. Why not walk on the bright road but face the unknown future? Such questions come from almost everyone around him.

"When I came back and stepped into the door of the institute again, I was really disappointed. Everything is the same as before I went abroad. Still so lifeless, or everyone is busy with their own business. I really don't think I belong here anymore. I need a more dynamic and creative place to show my talents. " This is how he explained the doubts of people around him. # $ Page $ #

After several years, Sun Li's company has been doing well. Unlike many foreign students, they only rely on a little "advanced technology" learned from abroad. When these "advanced technologies" are no longer advanced, those companies will no longer have a market. His company first established a foreign management system, and only an advanced management system can ensure the smooth operation of the enterprise, and he is rooted in traditional industries. Although these traditional industries are not as fast as many emerging industries, they can advance steadily and there is no bubble economy problem. He subscribes to various foreign periodicals every year and sends his employees abroad for further study to ensure that the company can get in touch with the latest technology.

"Now my company is not developing fast, but I can see the track of step-by-step development and judge tomorrow's success. Now my child has just graduated from college. I hope to send him abroad after he has worked for a year or two. I feel that with his ability, he will certainly learn a lot of the latest foreign things and experiences, and even bring foreign investment. I am also sure that he will definitely come back because the market here is more challenging and needs such talents more. "

Sun Yanbo #$page$#

Connecting International Students from 1950s to 1960s (Part Two)

Zhao Zhongyao

65438-0927 went to the United States to study, and studied under the tutor Millikan at California Institute of Technology. 1930 received a doctorate. From 1929 to 1930, he discovered the phenomenon of annihilation radiation, which was later called positron and positron. This discovery is enough for Zhao Zhongyao to win the Nobel Prize. Unfortunately, a physicist working in Germany questioned Zhao Zhongyao's achievements. Although it was later proved that Zhao Zhongyao's results were completely accurate, it affected the further confirmation of Zhao Zhongyao's achievements. 1936, the Swedish Academy of Royal Science awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics to Anderson who observed positron tracks in the cloud chamber in 1932, instead of Zhao Zhongyao who first discovered positron annihilation in 1930. However, the former director of the Nobel Prize Committee for Physics once wrote: "... in the eyes of physicists all over the world, Zhao Zhongyao is the real Nobel Prize winner! 1950, Zhao Zhongyao broke through many difficulties and resolutely returned to New China to participate in the establishment of the Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Chen Jiaer

From 65438 to 0954, after graduating from the Physics Department of Jilin University, Chen Jiaer was assigned to Peking University to study and teach nuclear physics and accelerator physics. 1963, Chen Jiaer went to Oxford University Institute of Nuclear Physics and Rutherford Institute of High Energy Physics for further study. After returning to China, Chen Jiaer devoted himself to the teaching and research of particle accelerators, presided over the design and construction of 4.5 kV electrostatic accelerators and the renovation project of 2×6 kV tandem electrostatic accelerators, and made contributions to the construction of nuclear science education and research bases. # $ Page $ #

Chen chunxian

In 1950s, high flyers, a researcher in the Department of Physics of Moscow University and China Academy of Sciences. At the beginning of reform and opening up, he thought of Zhongguancun when he visited Silicon Valley in the United States. So with a sense of mission, he wants to establish a "technology diffusion zone" in Zhongguancun, explore a new technology diffusion road that adapts to China's national conditions, and quickly transform scientific research achievements into productive forces. 1980,101On October 23rd, he resigned from the State Council and took the lead in setting up the first private scientific and technological institution in Zhongguancun-Advanced Development Technology Service Department of Beijing Plasma Society. This indicates that the prototype of Zhongguancun science and technology enterprises has emerged.

plum

1953 to study in the Soviet union. He is a graduate student in the Department of Opera Symphony Command of Moscow State Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky Conservatory of Music, and his tutor is Professor Anosov. 1956 participated in the performance of "Prague Spring" Music Festival, 1957 served as the internship conductor of the Soviet National Symphony Orchestra, and1957 has been the conductor of the Central Orchestra since he returned to China in September.

Zhang Chen/album #$page$#

Those post-80 s international students

"Although the dress is worn, my heart is still China's heart. My ancestors have put a Chinese seal on everything." China Heart, China Love, China Seal! Generations of overseas students and returnees continue the blood of an ancient nation and have made great contributions to the development of science and technology in contemporary China.

Xia Qi Ying

65438-0987, Dr. department of mechanical engineering, University of Ottawa, the first batch of returnees after the reform and opening up, and the leader of Zhongguancun overseas students' return to China. From the First Secretary of the American Embassy to the Director of the World Bank Department of the Ministry of Finance, Xia completed many career changes in her life. Since 2000, Xia has been the deputy director of the Zhongguancun Science Park Management Committee. This "old returnee" finally fulfilled his dream of building a professional stage for "little returnee". # $ Page $ #

Zhang Chaoyang

1986 graduated from physics department of Tsinghua University. In the same year, he won the Li Zhengdao Scholarship to study in the United States. /kloc-0 received his Ph.D. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) at the end of 1993, and continued his postdoctoral research at MIT. 1994 as the contact person for Asia-Pacific region (China) of MIT; /kloc-0 returned to China at the end of 1995 and served as the chief representative of American ISI company in China; 1996 with the support of venture capital from Professor Negroponte, director of the Media Laboratory of MIT, and Professor Edward Robert, Si Long Business School of MIT, ATTEX Company was founded, becoming the first Internet company with venture capital in China; On February 25th, 1998, ATTEX officially launched the "Sohu" product and changed its name to Sohu Company.

Li yanhong

Master of Baidu Banner, graduated from Peking University Information Management Department. After that, he went to the United States and got a master's degree in computer science from new york State University in Buffalo. During his eight years in the United States, the technology of "hyperlink analysis" he invented was patented in the United States. 1999 returned to Beijing, founded Baidu, and made Baidu the largest Chinese search engine company in the world in three years. At that time, when starting a business, e-commerce was in full swing, but he quietly went to the field of network search that few people cared about. Because he saw the great influence that search might have on the online world. Li Yanhong warned those young people who are eager to try: they must have a vision of looking forward to the next two years. Follow the trend, and you will probably only eat leftovers from Wu Ying.

He looks very personal: he has a beard, and it is said that he needs the approval of the board of directors to repair it. Because the owner of the beard, Wu Ying, has become the symbol of UT Starcom. 1986, he entered Bell Laboratories. High salary and good working conditions seem to make anyone give up the idea of returning to China. However, in 1992, when Wu Ying returned to Beijing after a long absence, he found that China had great communication market potential. Although the national communication facilities were backward and the industrial environment was immature at that time, this gap was an opportunity to start a business. 1992, he decided to turn his career to the motherland. UT Starcom, founded by him, is a high-tech communication company specializing in the research, development, production and sales of cutting-edge products in the field of modern communication. In 2000, UT Starcom was successfully listed on NASDAQ, and was rated as one of the top 20 most successful small enterprises in the world by Forbes with an annual turnover of 368 million dollars and excellent management performance.

Li Delei

1982 received a master's degree in computer science from the University of Alberta, Canada, and 1986 received a doctorate. After that, he served as a tenured professor at York University in Canada. From 65438 to 0995, he joined Motorola as an architect. 1997 joined Hitachi American semiconductor company as the design director of microprocessor; 1999, he founded Beijing SMIC Microsystems Technology Co., Ltd., later renamed Ark Technology Co., Ltd., and served as the chairman and president. In July of 20001year, Ark Technology Company suddenly became the focus of media attention, and the first "Ark I" 32-bit RISC architecture embedded CPU product went on the market. At the end of 2002, Ark II came out! The birth of "Ark" series chips announced the end of the "coreless" era in China's information industry.