The history of guzheng?

Zheng, also known as Zheng, has a history of more than 2,000 years. Because of its long history, simple and elegant music and antique, people later called it "Zheng".

Guzheng is one of the most representative national musical instruments in China. It is one of the ways to carry forward national culture and revitalize national spirit.

Second, the development of guzheng

In the long history of more than 2,000 years, with the joint efforts of performers and musical instrument makers, Guzheng, an ancient musical instrument of the Chinese nation, has been continuously improved, and its development trend is the same as the development law of things in human society, from "simple" to "complex" and then to "plucked musical instrument".

At first, the guzheng was very small, with only five strings, and later it developed to twelve, thirteen, sixteen and eighteen. Up to now, there are at most 50 cosines, and at present it is used to 21 strings, also known as 21-string Zheng.

Guzheng is very popular in many countries in Southeast Asia, and it can keep pace with piano in Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan Province Province and Hongkong. Because of its rich expressive force, long lasting appeal, pure color and sound, simple and elegant, it is intoxicating, ups and downs, unpredictable and magnificent to play.

Three. Brief introduction of Zheng ti

(1) Zheng Touwei. The big one is called the head and the small one is called the tail.

(2) Moon Mountain: The Zheng is divided into Qianyue Mountain and Houyue Mountain. The front of the big Zheng is called Qianyue Mountain, and the tail of the Zheng is called Houyue Mountain.

(3) Zheng code: also known as column or goose column, it is the vibration transmission pillar of the string and panel of the Zheng. Zheng code can be moved left and right to adjust the volume, and moved back and forth to adjust the sound quality.

(4) Zheng strings: divided into steel strings and nylon strings, arranged as 1-2 1 string from high pitch to low pitch.

(5) The * * * singing style of the Zheng consists of a panel, a bottom plate and two sides of the Zheng.

Fourth, sitting posture

1, the posture of playing the Zheng can be divided into vertical, sitting and disk (sitting cross-legged on the ground).

2. Main points of sitting posture

(1) Sit near the head of the Zheng, with the right side of the body aligned with the extension line of the mountain and the middle line of the human body aligned with the first and second Zheng codes.

(2) The top of the highest code on the Zheng is between the player's chest and waist.

(3) The sitting distance is about10-15 cm.

(4) The left foot is in front and the right foot is in the back, showing a "D" shape.

(5) The upper body is straight and relaxed.

3, hand type requirements

Shoulders are naturally relaxed, wrists are flat, hands are half clenched, fingers are naturally bent, joints are prominent, and you can't step in. The big finger should stand opposite to the middle finger, and the joints should move in the direction of the palm when playing.

134

Five comments

step on

1 answers are folded.

Which one is good for guzheng factory wholesale?

According to the guzheng mentioned in the article, I recommend it to you.

Would like to ask which guzheng manufacturer wholesale is good? Yangzhou, Jiangsu, looking for speakers, the national guzheng factory wholesale speakers, we speak with quality!

Yangzhou Yang Sheng Ethnic Musical Instrument Factory Advertisement

1 sparring cooperation 1 guzheng, strict teacher recruitment standards ensure the effect of children's piano practice.

According to the guzheng mentioned in the article, I recommend it to you.

VIP sparring adopts the way of real teacher online 1 to 1, and takes scientific sparring as the criterion to interact with children online in real time, so that children's piano practice is no longer boring! Every class has an after-class list, questions and performance strengths carefully filled out by the sparring teacher, so that parents can rest assured!

Shanghai miaoke information technology co., ltd. advertisement

Ten minutes to answer questions.

12 1 1 people are asking.

The history of guzheng?

ask a question

After reading it, the following is more interesting-

What is the general price of guzheng? Listen to the sharing of guzheng lovers

How much is the guzheng that has been circulating for a hundred years? Handmade, piano factory direct sales. There is no intermediate price. Look for time-honored brands, buy them with confidence and ensure the quality. Sigh guzheng sounds of nature.

Advertisement 2020- 10-08

What is the history of guzheng?

Guzheng is one of the ancient plucked instruments in China, which was formed and spread in Qin Dynasty (mainly in Shaanxi and Gansu) and prevailed in Sui and Tang Dynasties. With the changes of history, it has spread to the whole country and many places in Asia. History is called Qin Zheng. There are different opinions about the origin of guzheng, and there are three main viewpoints: the first one thinks that guzheng originated in Thule. Tang's "Ci Lu" records: "The guzheng player, the flow is also, the piano is also. The ancient musical instrument had fifty strings. Since the Yellow Emperor ordered Motome to beat drums, the emperor was very sad and broke it, and it changed from the later musical instrument to twenty-five strings. Qin people beat the drum and harp, and the brothers fought and broke into two pieces. The name of guzheng began from now on. " Ji Yun in the Song Dynasty said: "Qin people are thin-hearted, and their father and son strive for each other, hence the name. The twelve strings of the guzheng break twenty-five. Japan17th century court musician Gungan recorded in "Le Dao Ji" ... or the cloud: Qin has no meaning. A musical instrument, two women preach, two women argue. Finally, there are two musical instruments, so they are called Zheng. This is just a legend. Two people competed for musical instruments, resulting in "Zheng". The second view is that the guzheng was created by the famous pianist Meng Tian, or changed by Meng Tian. In 237 BC (the tenth year of Qin Shihuang), Li Si, the prime minister of Qin Dynasty, wrote a letter urging Qin Shihuang to withdraw his order to expel guests. There are two references to the guzheng, namely "playing the guzheng for a long time" and "quitting the guzheng to avoid danger". This is earlier than the beginning of Meng Tian's prosperity 16 years. Therefore, Meng Tian's statement that he made a guzheng is not reliable. There are also negative views on Meng Tian's guzheng in the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty. It can be said that Meng Tian reformed Zheng. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhu recorded in Shuo Wen Tong Xun: "The five strings of guzheng were applied to bamboo as a building, and Qin changed them to twelve strings, which were deformed like a piano, and bamboo was changed into wood, and thirteen strings were added after the Tang Dynasty." This passage describes that Meng Tian once reformed Zheng. The third view: the early third view: the early guzheng is a five-stringed bamboo Zheng, which was built with a stringed instrument. For example, Ying Shao's "Customs Pass" in the Eastern Han Dynasty said: "The guzheng has five strings, and it is made by the body. Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi in the Eastern Han Dynasty (revised edition of Xu Xuan in the Song Dynasty) records: "Guzheng, drum and string, bamboo music, from bamboo, contend for sound." "From the historical point of view, the early guzheng is more like Zhu: it is all Zhu, it is all bamboo, and it is all five strings. Regarding the naming of the guzheng, Liu Xi in the Eastern Han Dynasty explained it in his book Ming Jie: "Guzheng, the string is high and urgent, and the guzheng is natural." Thus, the guzheng is named after its own "zither, zither" sound. Guzheng probably comes from a simple musical instrument with less than five strings made of large bamboo tubes. S when in the Spring and Autumn Warring States or before the Spring and Autumn Warring States, it is impossible to be in the Qin Dynasty after Qin Shihuang unified China. The relationship among guzheng, architecture and musical instruments is neither divided into guzheng nor evolved from architecture to guzheng, but it is likely that guzheng and musical instruments coexist in the same source. The five-string bamboo zither evolved into a twelve-string wooden zither, and the barrel-shaped chime structure evolved into a long box-shaped chime structure, which may be based on the structure of musical instruments. Guzheng has an ancient history in China. As early as the Warring States Period in the 4th century BC, guzheng was popular in Qin, Qi, Zhao and other countries. Among them, the state of Qin is the most popular, so it is known as "true Qin Zhisheng" and "Qin Zheng". Guzheng is deeply loved by the people, and it is a musical instrument loved by the people. As a passage in "Qi Ce of the Warring States Policy" said: "Linzi is even real, and its people all play flute, drum instrument, percussion and guzheng. Another example is Sang Hongyang's Theory of Salt and Iron. Dissipate "in the Western Han Dynasty," ... In the past, folk receptions, each with party customs, only played guzheng drums. "Visible guzheng popularity among the people. The development of guzheng in Han Dynasty has shown tone sandhi. Hou Jin's "Fu Zheng" records: "So I rushed to the propaganda column and changed the tone. "Is to move the guzheng column to the tune. Thirteen-string guzheng was popular in Sui Dynasty. Thirteen-string guzheng was first used in Wendi Yayue. In the guzheng performance in the Sui Dynasty, the methods of shifting the column and transferring the tone were also used: "promoting the transfer of the column" (Wang Taiqing's poem) and "adjusting the palace to promote the column" (ancient fu). Guzheng was widely used in the music of Tang Dynasty and spread to Japan. In 834 AD (the eighth year of Taihe in Tang Wenzong), Japanese quasi-judge Fujiwara came to China to learn from the famous pipa player Liu Erlang. Jiro married his wife and his daughter is a famous guzheng player. Six years later, he went to Japan with Fujiwara. In 889 (the Year of the Loong, Tang Zhaozong), the Tang Dynasty sent Dr. Huang Meng, a guzheng player, to Japan to lead a 62-member band to teach the art of guzheng, which set off an upsurge of guzheng performance in North Korea, and the emperor and ministers also learned the art of guzheng. In the following thousands of years, Zheng gradually became the main instrument of Japanese national music, resulting in many schools of performance and Zheng music. At present, a recovered Zheng has been collected by the Japanese Institute and has become a rare specimen in the world. Guzheng was also popular in Song Dynasty. Song Chenyang's "Le Shu Song Shi Yue Ji" records: "The thirteen instruments of this dynasty are not elegant. "The fifteen-stringed Zheng appeared in the Ming Dynasty, but the thirteen-stringed Zheng is still the most popular. According to the Ming Dynasty's Dunhuang Records, "Boyi is a disciple who seeks faith and is good at playing guzheng. Sad songs can make people cry; "Changing the tune can make relatives dance, and this time is called: Yongmen Week." The Zheng in Qing Dynasty had a new development. It is worth noting that the fourteen-stringed Zheng of the Qing Dynasty has used seven tones. "Law and Lu Zhengyi" recorded that "the Zheng is as small as a piano and has fourteen strings. ……; The columns and strings in the Sui Palace are arranged harmoniously. The whole body is painted with lacquer wood gold, and the four sides are painted with golden dragons. The beams and tail edges are decorated with red sandalwood, and the string holes are decorated with ivory ... Today, the fourteen strings of the Zheng are changed from five tones to two to seven tones, which is fourteen times. " Here, "the pentatonic is changed from two to seven and multiplied by fourteen", that is, the pentatonic scale is fixed. According to another record, during the reign of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, four musical instruments, such as Zheng, were used to play Pingsha Wild Goose, which was adapted by Emperor Kangxi according to piano music. At that time, there were people who used guzheng solo to tune "Moon Wind". Zheng is also widely used in national instrumental music and rap music. By the end of Qing Dynasty, the Zheng had developed to 16 strings. In Guangdong, some people borrowed from the dulcimer and replaced the silk strings used for more than 2,000 years with the copper strings on the 16 string zither, thus making the timbre of the zither change greatly. This kind of several-string Zheng has been in use until now, and it was only in the 1930s that steel strings were used. In the long-term historical development, guzheng gradually spread to all parts of the country, forming different playing styles and local schools, such as Henan Guzheng, Shandong Guzheng, Chaozhou Guzheng and Hakka Guzheng. In Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, the guzheng evolved into a Ga 'aiqin. Guzheng also spread to Korea, Japan, Vietnam and other countries. According to the records, the traditional guzheng music includes Sang, Great Harmony in the World, Swimming in the Western Western jackdaw, Running Water in the Mountains, Lotus Out of the Water, Flowers in the Brocade, etc. The twenty-four scores of Zheng Music, which is popular among the people, is recorded in a manuscript, but Zheng Music has never been officially published. It was not until 1930 that the book Quasi-Zheng Music edited by Mr. Liang Zaiping was published. Guzheng is not only used for solo, but also plays an important role in traditional instrumental ensemble and local opera accompaniment. For example, there are guzheng in the traditional ensemble of Chaozhou music in Guangdong, such as thirteen sets of chords and Henan Bantou music. Zheng is one of the indispensable main musical instruments in Henan Quju. Shaanxi's Yulin ditty is also accompanied by A Zheng. In recent years, the performance art of guzheng has developed by leaps and bounds. Various experiments have also been carried out in the reform of guzheng, resulting in a variety of high-quality exquisite Zheng (such as Sichuan Zheng, Shanghai Zheng and Suzhou Zheng); The modes of guzheng have also been tried in many ways, and many modes have been reformed (such as Yingkou tense mode guzheng, Shenyang Conservatory of Music shift mode guzheng, Suzhou string-cutting mode guzheng, and Shanghai Conservatory of Music butterfly-changing guzheng), which has expanded the manifestations of guzheng and made it easier for guzheng to participate in ensemble and accompaniment.

140 Browse 20 19-07-30

The history and culture of guzheng?

Guzheng, formerly known as Zheng, is also known as Zheng. Because it has a long history of more than 2500 years, it has been dubbed "ancient" by later generations and called guzheng. China has always admired the guzheng, calling it the treasure of national musical instruments, the wonderful work of appealing to both refined and popular tastes, the ancestor of all voices and the teacher of Wan Le. There is a saying in Nineteen Ancient Poems of Hanshu: "Today's banquet is good, but it is hard to be old with joy. Playing guzheng is a wonderful new sound. " There is a saying in "Fu Zheng" written by Hou Jin, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty: "No one is superior to Zheng because of changing customs and changing people's habits." Lu Xun has a poem "Gift to a Person" (Part II): "The Qin female Rong Yuzheng, Liang Chen warms the night wind, suddenly the ice string is absolutely ringing, and the stars are full of sounds." Many countries in the world also highly admire China's guzheng, calling it a mysterious instrument, and the music it plays is magical music. Guzheng is a stringed instrument, which can be divided into plucking and plucking according to playing skills. Its appearance is simple and elegant, beautiful and generous, its timbre is beautiful and round, clear and bright, and its volume is loud but not noisy. Strong expressive force and strong appeal, which can fully express the music content with strong national style. The music played by guzheng is soft and beautiful, beautiful and harmonious, and the lingering sound is endless for three days, which is deeply loved by people. There are always different opinions about the origin and name of Zheng. In history, there is a saying that the Yellow Emperor throws a piano and has a guzheng. Zhao Lin in the Tang Dynasty recorded a story: The Yellow Emperor ordered the maid-in-waiting to beat the harp, and the maid-in-waiting played a very sad tune with the harp. The Yellow Emperor was so sad that he burst into tears. The Yellow Emperor couldn't help it. He lifted the maid-in-waiting instrument and threw it on the ground, breaking it into two pieces, so that the original 50 stringed instruments were split into two sets of 25-stringed instruments. So later people called this 25-stringed instrument Zheng. There is also a saying in history that sisters divide musical instruments into Zheng. It is recorded in the second volume of Yue Dao Ji: "The female sisters in Qin fought for musical instruments, and the lead was broken into two parts, one for the elder sister with thirteen strings and the other for the younger sister with twelve strings. Qin Shihuang named Zheng. " Later, there was a saying that the father and son split the instrument into two to compete for the name of the Zheng, and the two brothers split the instrument into two to compete for the name of the Zheng. Whether the origin of these Zheng names is reasonable or not is not to be said for the time being, but one thing is certain: Zheng evolved from musical instruments. Where did Qin Zheng's theory come from? Li Si, the prime minister of Qin Dynasty, wrote in the book of exhortation to expel guests: "The husband knocks on the urn and plays the Zheng to fight, and the singer listens quickly, which is really Qin Zhisheng." In other words, beating the pots and pans, patting your thighs while playing the Zheng, and singing songs that make you feel refreshed, this is the real music of Qin State. Li Si regards the guzheng as a unique musical instrument of Qin Dynasty, and regards its sound as an important symbol of Qin Le. It is recorded in Historical Records Biography of Jing Ke: "The prince and the guests who knew about this matter were given for nothing. At the top of the Xiao River, the ancestors took the road, the high-minded ceremony struck the building, and Jing Ke chimed, which is the voice of change. The scholar cried. " This record means that the prince and the guests know that Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin, and they all wore white clothes and white hats to see Jing Ke off. I went to Xiao, sacrificed, and went on my way. Gao Jianli struck the floor, and Jing Ke sang along, with a desolate and sad tone. All the local doctors who saw me off shed tears. According to the records in the Records of Customs and the explanation in Shuowen Jiezi, the building mentioned here may be A Zheng. Early Zheng and Zhu were very similar, and scholars often confused Zheng and Zhu. It can be seen that during the Warring States period, guzheng was quite popular in Qin State and occupied a very important position in musical instruments. This is why people later called Zheng. Guzheng was originally played by the guzheng player's own nails. In order to improve the performance quality and increase the performance intensity and volume, guzheng players use fake nails instead of nails. Compared with other musical instruments, the development and changes of guzheng playing skills are greater, especially in the past 30 years. The earliest guzheng playing skills were very simple, and the division of labor between the two hands was very clear, with the right hand playing and the left hand pressing the strings. The melody is also extremely simple, basically a slow-paced single melody. As time goes by, the guzheng repertoire becomes more and more difficult, the playing skills become more and more complex, the expressive force becomes stronger and stronger, and the playing content becomes more and more abundant. It has gone through the development process from simple one-handed playing to complex two-handed playing, from simple plucking strings to complex plucking and kneading skills.

100 likes 6, 137 browses 20 17-09-25

What is the origin of guzheng?

Guzheng is an ancient musical instrument in China, which prevailed in Qin State during the Warring States Period and has a history of more than 2,500 years. It is said that Zheng was a weapon in the Warring States period, which was used to swing vertically to attack the enemy. There is also an old saying that "Zheng Heng is happy, and Li Cheng is a soldier". Later, a string was added, and it was found to be nice, so it developed into a musical instrument. As time went on, the weapon became lighter and lighter, and Zheng, a huge and lightweight weapon, was abandoned. Therefore, at present, people see the Zheng in the form of musical instruments, with beautiful modeling and decoration. In Ying Shao's "Customs and Righteousness" in the Han Dynasty, the article wrote: Zheng, "According to" Rites and Music ",five strings are used to control the body. Nowadays, the Zheng in Binhe and Liangzhou looks like a harp. I don't know who changed it. It was made by Meng Tian. " According to Ying Shao's "Custom Pass" 2, the zither system before the Han Dynasty should be "five strings, building a body", but at that time, "the zither in Longzhou was shaped like a harp", and Ying Shao's "I don't know who" 4 recorded the rumor that "it was made by Montaigne", which shows that the zither with the shape of a harp has been circulated in the Han Dynasty. Du You of the Tang Dynasty said in the Four Music Classics: "The sound of the piano is also the sound of the piano. Fu Xuan's Fu Zhengxu said, "This was made by Montaigne". Today seems to be a seven-day worship, flat, empty and quasi-six-in-one, and the string column is planned for December. If it is set, it will have four images and the drum will have five sounds. Thinking is the tool of benevolence and wisdom. How can it be Guan Si, Meng Tian's minister of national subjugation? There is also a note saying: "Today, I am happy to have ten strings, and I hope that there will be three strings in ten. To roll the A Zheng, wet the end with bamboo pieces and roll it up. The bone claws used to play the Zheng are more than an inch long and can replace fingers. " Ying Shao's "Vulgarity and Righteousness" says that Zheng is "five strings, which are integrated". However, the literature of the past dynasties is vague about what style "architecture" is. 1973, a Han Dynasty ritual vessel was unearthed in Mawangdui No.3 Han Tomb in Changsha. This building is called an funerary ware because it was painted with black paint, but it was carved from a piece of wood. Solid, not conducive to * * *, if used to play, you can't get enough volume. In addition, the length of the instrument is about 34 cm, which is obviously too short for playing. According to Tongdian, the length of buildings in the Tang Dynasty is four feet three inches. Although there are differences in the evolution of architecture from Han Dynasty to Tang Dynasty, the differences are not so great. These reasons are enough to prove that it is an open vessel, just like a small vessel with a handle. The first nail on the surface of the building is a row of five bamboo nails, which is consistent with the record in Custom Pass. The style of this funerary wares is the same as that of musical instruments, which seems to show that musical instruments, musical instruments and Zheng are very similar. The relationship among Zheng, Zhu and Se is neither the division of Zheng nor the evolution from Zhu to Zheng, but it is likely that Zheng and Zhu are of the same origin and Zheng and Se coexist. The five-stringed bamboo zither evolved into a twelve-stringed wooden zither, and the tubular structure evolved into a long box structure, which may be based on the structure of the zither. The root chord and chord axis are installed on the left side of the panel parallel to the yard, and the chord is made of metal (steel chord or copper chord). When playing, tortoise shell pieces (that is, nails) are usually worn on the right hand. The tuning of strings can be divided into five tones (i.e. the first tone) and three octaves, with G or D tones mostly used and F, C or A tones rarely used. [1] In the development of 1965, Wang Changyuan successfully composed the guzheng song War Typhoon. The appearance of Typhoon War brought the techniques and techniques of guzheng performance to a new height, thus ending the era when guzheng could only play and knead slowly. In this song, the typhoon is composed of sweeping, shaking, buckling and scraping. In the 1970s, Zhao created and applied some new techniques in his playing practice, such as double-string transition glide, long chord, speed dial and 1/5 overtone. He broke through the traditional octave symmetry mode and created a "quick fingering technology system" consisting of dozens of new fingering sequences, such as wheel fingering, dial fingering and plectrum fingering, which enabled the guzheng to play a fast melody with five, seven and variable scales with one hand without changing the tune, laying a solid foundation for the guzheng to enter the ranks of ordinary musical instruments from colored musical instruments. His representative works include "Fighting Tigers Up the Mountain" and "Sun Red on Jinggangshan". * * * Four Guzheng Songs Since the 1990s, the creation of Guzheng has ushered in the spring of a hundred flowers. The performance of "Qianzhong Fu" used the fast left-handed technique for the first time, which became the highlight; During this period, composers participated in the creation of Zheng music and strengthened their innovation. They broke through the limitations of the traditional pentatonic mode, absorbed the colors of Japanese Ryukyu mode and Du Jie mode, and drew lessons from Mei Xian's experience of manual mode, designed many new modes by themselves, and even created a brand-new mode color of "below three degrees and below two degrees". Each octave is divided into three links, and each link is a big third interval. The new mode color of the tuning string and the multi-tone series superposition method have promoted the reform of playing techniques. Such as Charm (Xu Xiaolin), Fantasia (Wang's song), Elegance (Zhuang Yao's song) and Lianshan (Wang Zhongshan's song). In the modulation of these Zheng tunes, conditions are prepared for the modulation. Different tone groups are also used in different tone zones, so that different tone zones can play different tone colors, which not only deviates from the traditional tone color, but also returns to the traditional tone color. The change of interval creates conditions for the birth of a new musical language. A group of young guzheng players emerged in the 2nd/Kloc-0th century, among which, the representative figures are, Zhai, Qiu Ji, Jiang,,, and so on. Over the years, these performers have visited Germany, Austria, Britain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Russia, Belgium, Switzerland, Sweden, Hungary, Poland, Japan, Singapore and other countries for many times, making this instrument go global. The unified specifications of the basic structure guzheng are: 1.63m, 2 1 string. The panel of guzheng is mostly paulownia in Lankao, Henan Province, and the frame is white pine. There are precious wood such as mahogany, old rosewood (Burmese rosewood), golden nanmu and rosewood on the side plates around the piano body. The sound quality of the guzheng depends on the panel and strings, and the surrounding materials also slightly improve the sound quality of the guzheng, especially the old mahogany, rosewood and golden nanmu. From early to modern times, there are 12, 13, 18, 23, 25 strings and so on. And there are many ways to set strings in different areas. New types of Zheng include "butterfly Zheng" and "mode Zheng". The sound quality of guzheng on the panel depends on the panel and strings. The middle part of the panel is the best. The front section refers to putting the whole paulownia into the water, with the side exposed from the water as the positive side and the truncated end as the middle section. Generally, paulownia with 9- 12 tree age is the best, especially paulownia in Lankao, Henan. Sand and pine are good for sound quality transmission. The best panel for professional guzheng performance is through grain, with the interval between alto textures of 5-9 cm and the interval between treble and bass regions of 1.5-2.5 cm. The thickness of treble and bass panels is generally 9mm, 1 1mm, 10 mm. At present, most panels adopt chord cutting technology. The early strings were ponytails and deer tendons, but at present, nylon steel wire strings are the mainstream, which increases the volume and enhances the charm. The strings are mainly made of steel wire imported from Germany, with uniform carbon content, long service life and good hand feeling. They are represented by five-tone incomplete cards, Baoquan cards and Dunhuang cards, which are more popular among professionals. Generally speaking, mahogany piano is matched with mahogany piano code, nanmu piano is matched with chicken-winged wooden piano code, and rosewood piano code is matched with mahogany piano code. It is also said that colored wood is the best material for piano codes, but there is no conclusion yet. The piano code requires that the texture is vertical downward, and the upper embedded ox bone and chord groove are generally 1/3, which is the best for the corresponding strings. The early traditional guzheng music can be divided into two major schools: Nanzheng (Chaozhou Zheng) and Beizheng (Henan Zheng and Shandong Zheng). The entry "China Music" in Singlov's Music Dictionary published in Britain reads: "The northern Zheng school in China is represented by Henan and Shandong schools, and the southern Zheng school is mainly represented by Chaozhou Zheng school." [2] With the development of the times, in the 20th century, on the basis of the North-South Zheng, several other major Zheng schools were derived, namely, "Chao, Lu, Henan and Zhejiang". The difference between contemporary schools has been very small, and almost every school has its own advantages. Now it is generally divided into nine schools, as Cao Zheng said, "Nine schools are popular in China", and the Zheng music and playing methods of each school have their own characteristics. Shaanxi Zheng Shaanxi Zheng: Shaanxi is the birthplace of China Zheng, but at present, the "real Qin Zhisheng" Zheng music is almost perfect. Traditional Chinese opera and folk music are rich and colorful, among which there are many traditional musical instruments, but there are few or no Zheng. It is only in Yulin that Zheng is used as an accompaniment instrument, which appears in the accompaniment of Yulin ditty together with dulcimer, pipa and sanxian. Mr. Cao Zheng, a famous theorist and educator, said that this is "the sequela of Qin Zheng". Although Zheng has been in Yulin for more than 300 years, Yulin is remote and its culture is relatively backward. The skill of playing the Zheng is still stuck in the ancient method. The right hand mainly uses two fingers to eat, and the left hand rarely trembles, which is the earliest way to play the Zheng. Zheng has gradually disappeared in Shaanxi, and his descendants have no news. In the late 1950s, Mr. Zhou, the president of Shaanxi Society and a famous performer, put forward the slogan of "Returning to Qin". A lot of work has been done from theoretical research to playing skills, from accompaniment of local operas to writing style of Zheng music, which has made Shaanxi people familiar with Zheng again. From 65438 to 0957, Bai, a famous guzheng player in Yulin, participated in the national folk music performance and the third national opera performance in Shaanxi Province, and solo the guzheng music "Pinch Garlic Moss" and "Boat". 196 1 the national conference on guzheng teaching materials was held in an, which affirmed the music of Hu Zheng, a fan in Shaanxi, and played a powerful role in promoting the development of Qin Zheng in Shaanxi. Later, excellent Shaanxi Zheng music appeared, such as Qin Sang Qu, Jiang Nv Tears, Xiangshan Shooting Drum, Sanqin Huange, Embroidered Gold Monument, etc. The records of Zheng in Xi 'an Drum Music, Qinqiang Opera, Mi Hu Qingqu and other historical materials are quite enlightening to Zheng people in Shaanxi. With the efforts of famous guzheng experts Cao Zheng, Cao Zheng and Cao Zheng, and with the help of many guzheng colleagues, Shaanxi has gradually resumed playing Shaanxi Opera after nearly 30 years of practice. The distinctive features of Shaanxi Zheng music are firstly the particularity of melody and the vagrancy of two tone sandhi. The fourth tone in the heptatonic scale is high, while the seventh tone is low. The so-called deviation, of course, is not half a tone. The two voices wavered again. Generally speaking, slide down next to the next note; Secondly, in the process of melody, it is generally jumping up and down step by step. Third, when playing, press the strings with your left hand and use your big finger, which is a necessary technique for melody. Fourth, the style of writing is exquisite, and there are many sorrows in euphemism; Generosity is urgent, and there is lyricism in agitation. The late Wang Xunzhi, a famous guzheng master in Zhejiang, once said that "Shaanxi school is lyrical" when talking about guzheng schools, and explained the style and characteristics of Shaanxi guzheng music.

2 1 Like27, 16 1 Browse2020-04-01

What is the origin and development of guzheng?

During the Warring States Period, there was an ancient musical instrument called harpsichord in Sanqin area of northwest China. At that time, there was a man named Wan Wuyi. He played the harpsichord very well and his two daughters liked it very much. One day, the two sisters scrambled to learn to play the piano from their father. Sister stepped forward and took the piano first. My sister wouldn't let me go, so she rushed over and put her arms around Arthur. The two of them pulled me and pulled me, to outdo each other. Suddenly, with a click, the whole Arthur broke in two. At this time, May Day came, and he couldn't help being shocked. I saw that half of the piano in my eldest daughter's hand is 13 string, and half of the piano in my youngest daughter's hand is 12 string. Thinking meaningless, anxious and angry, I was busy bringing the musical instruments in the hands of my two daughters. Five thousand sighed, touched the left, looked at the right and fiddled with the strings. To his surprise, half of the instruments actually made a better sound. Wan Wuyi forgot to blame his two daughters. He made some repairs to one side of the instrument respectively. As a result, the instrument here is better than the complete instrument, and the sound is much better! Wan Wuyi was overjoyed, because the origin of this new musical instrument was that two daughters competed for musical instruments, so he called this half-length musical instrument "Zheng". Since then, "Zheng" has spread in China. Zheng, also known as Guzheng, is a national stringed instrument in ancient China, which belongs to silk instrument in the eight-tone classification. Guzheng is popular for its beautiful timbre, wide range, rich playing skills and good expressive force. Guzheng is composed of face plate, goose post, strings, front Yueshan, string nails, tuning box, foot, back Yueshan, side plate, sound outlet, bottom plate, string hole and other structures. It is a rectangular wooden sound box, and the string frame "Zheng column" can move freely, with five scales arranged in one string and one tone, with a maximum of 25 strings. Guzheng is one of the traditional musical instruments in the pre-Qin period and one of the important national musical instruments unique to China. Guzheng is an ancient national musical instrument, accompanied by a long history of culture in China, and was born and raised in this fertile yellow land. The history of guzheng can be traced back to the Warring States Period from the 5th century BC to the 3rd century BC. At that time, it was widely spread around the state of Qin, so it was also called "Qin Zheng". Regarding the origin of the pre-Qin guzheng, Ying Shao, a writer in the Han Dynasty, recorded in his book "Customs and Significance" that the book of rites and music should be adhered to, and the five strings should be integrated. Nowadays, the Zheng in Binhe and Liangzhou looks like a harp. I don't know who changed it. Or made in Montaigne. Therefore, the shape of the pre-Qin guzheng should be "five strings, building a body", but Ying Shao didn't know who invented the guzheng, and wrote down the rumor that it was Meng Tian, which added some mystery to the origin of the guzheng. Also, there are different opinions about the naming of the pre-Qin guzheng from ancient times to the present, and there have been two kinds of opinions. One view is that the guzheng was split from the piano in the pre-Qin period; Another way of saying it is named after the clank of guzheng pronunciation. Later, Ding Du, a litterateur in the Song Dynasty, recorded the saying that Qin people "divide instruments into deeds" in his book Jiyun: Qin customs are thin and evil, and sisters have their opponents, and everyone divides them equally. At that time, it was called A Zheng. But this statement is not reliable, because as far as common sense is concerned, the instrument will break down as soon as it is separated. What is a new musical instrument? Even if the broken instrument is made into a guzheng, I am afraid it is far more difficult than making a guzheng or an instrument. In addition, there is another saying that guzheng is named after pronunciation. This statement is based on what Confucian scholars in Han Dynasty recorded in his book Ming Shi: Zheng, Shi and Ran. In other words, the pre-Qin guzheng was named after its pronunciation "Zheng Zhengran", which was obviously related to the soothing timbre of Qin and other musical instruments, which linked the guzheng with musical instruments. In fact, the national musical instruments in the pre-Qin period in China can be named according to their sources, development methods and timbre. Among them, the guzheng is named after the timbre pronunciation "Zheng Zhengran", which is also a natural thing. The pre-Qin guzheng prevailed in the "Qin" area during the Warring States Period. Later, Sima Qian, a famous historian in the Western Han Dynasty, recorded this kind of musical instrument in Historical Records and Biography of Lisi: Fu hit the urn, rapped, played the Zheng and hit the ear, but the music hissed quickly. So is the real Qin Zhisheng. Between Zheng Weisang, Yu Shao and Wu Xiang, they are also happy in a foreign country. Today, I won't knock on the urn. I will get sick and defend myself. I will take back my piano and take good care of it. What if it is? I'm satisfied with the present, but I'm just comfortable with it. It can be seen that the pre-Qin guzheng is the "real Qin Zhisheng", which is also the origin of the name "Qin Zheng". In addition, in Sima Qian's article, the juxtaposition of guzheng and "knocking on the door" is obviously not for literary talent, but because guzheng was originally an important form and content of "music and dance" in the pre-Qin period, and the folk musical instrument of Qin State was mainly guzheng. In addition, in the court music of the Warring States period, guzheng was a musical instrument specially used to play Shao music. It was obviously not a folk music instrument at first. Therefore, the guzheng was originally a special instrument for the court, which should be more elegant than some ancient instruments such as post and urn. It was only later that the court began to use "Shaoxiao" instead of guzheng. At this time, the guzheng was no longer a court instrument, but gradually developed among the people in the pre-Qin period. Also, Han