Which is worse, Lingnan, the place of exile in the Tang Dynasty, or Ningguta, the place of exile in the Qing Dynasty?

There is a problem of correspondence between time and space. It is also Lingnan. In the Tang Dynasty, Song Zhiwen wrote that "everywhere is a miasma in the mountains and rivers. How many people can return to self-pity." It was already the first city to open up to the Qing Dynasty. Before the Opium War, a large number of foreigners gathered. In Guangzhou, many shops in Shisanhang used Latin letters to decorate their signboards, and many shopkeepers could communicate directly with them in English. At that time, almost everything in the world was available here.

So, the focus of consideration is not Lingnan and Ninggu Pagoda in the same era, but Lingnan as a place of exile in the Tang Dynasty and Ninggu Pagoda as a place of exile in the Qing Dynasty.

People who were exiled to Lingnan in the Tang Dynasty, such as Han Yu, were demoted to Chaozhou, a small seaside town 8,000 miles away, as governor because of their opposition to Buddhism. That is to say: "A letter is sent to the Nine Heavens in the morning, and eight thousand people are demoted to Chaozhou Road in the evening. If you want to eliminate evil things for the sage, you are willing to decline and cherish your remaining years. Where is Yun Heng's family in Qinling? The snow embraces the blue gate and the horse cannot move forward. I know you are coming from afar to answer the call. If you are interested, I will be able to collect my bones by the miasma river."

The badness of Lingnan lies in the word "miasma", which refers to the poisonous gas that can cause diseases in the southern mountains and forests. This so-called miasma is said to be an extremely bad disease in ancient times. Once the northerners come here, if they are not careful, they will contract the disease and die. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to the overlapping mountains, dense forests, traffic congestion, poor environment, mosquitoes and flies, and rampant insect vectors, miasma was said to be extremely popular in some remote places in Guangdong and Guangxi, so northerners regarded this place as The "barbaric" "miasma land".

In the Tang Dynasty, there are records of people who were exiled to Lingnan, and nearly 500 people were exiled or demoted. The more famous ones are Liu Yuxi, Han Yu, and Liu Zongyuan. Liu Zongyuan died as governor of Liuzhou, also known as "Liu Liuzhou". But he died in Liuzhou at the age of 47. It is really not a long life. In addition, he was depressed, which was indeed a factor in this aspect. Han Yu was in Chaozhou and Liu Yuxi was in Lianzhou. Because their time was relatively short, they were quickly moved to other places.

But Lingnan experienced rapid development after the Tang and Song Dynasties. On the one hand, a large number of northern people moved south due to the war in the Central Plains. On the other hand, because the war was not affected, it achieved peaceful development. opportunities, and the development of sea shipping has given this land unprecedented opportunities.

So by the Qing Dynasty, Lingnan had become so prosperous that it was almost impossible to exile prisoners here, so Ninggu Pagoda in the northeast was established as a new exile point.

Why did you choose this place? The main reason is that it is cold here (the Tang Dynasty was exiled to Lingnan because of the heat there). Ancient books call it "Ninggu Pagoda. It is in the far north of Liaodong, seven or eight thousand miles away from Beijing. The land is covered with ice and snow, and it is no longer the world." "

Basically, it can be said that Ninggu Pagoda, in the eyes of the Qing Dynasty people, is equivalent to Siberia in our minds.

So who are the famous people who have been here? For example, Zheng Chenggong's father, Zheng Zhilong, was exiled here and later died here. It is said that "most of the immigrants are from Wu, Yue, Fujian, Guang, Qi, Chu, Liang, Qin, Yan, and Zhao." In other words, criminals from the Central Plains and the South will be resettled as long as they are high enough. Here it is. Then he was waiting to die.

As for Lingnan in the Tang Dynasty or Ninggu Pagoda in the Qing Dynasty, which one is worse? In fact, which one makes you feel more painful than hot infectious diseases or cold without food and clothing? It's quite scary to be honest. If it really must be divided, perhaps it would be better to die from heat than from freezing.

But the problem is that for the Central Plains, this is a bitter and cold place, but for the Russian devils who came from Siberia, which is even more desolate and cold, it is a paradise. In the Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty signed in 1860, the Qing government had to cede most of Ningguta to Tsarist Russia and it became the Russian Primorsky Territory. Today, Vladivostok, the most important Pacific port in the Russian Far East, is here.