Is Huanjiang County, Hechi City, Guangxi Province populated?

Population: about 380,000 people

Population density: 83 people/km2

Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County is located in the north of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, 334 km away from Nanning City km. Area is 4553 square kilometers. Huanjiang is the only county in the country where the Maonan people live together. The county has a population of 330,000, including 313,000 Maonan, Zhuang, Yao and other ethnic minorities. The Maonan people account for 16.2% of the total population. There are Maonan, Zhuang, Han, Miao, Yao and other ethnic groups. Clear the Anhua Hall. In the Republic of China, it was changed to Yibei County. In 1951, it was called Huanjiang County. In 1986, Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County was established.

1. Geographical location

Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County is located in the northwest of Guangxi, on the southeastern edge of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, at the southern foot of Jiuwan Mountain, and to the east is Rongshui and Luocheng County. It is adjacent to Yizhou and Hechi cities in the south and Libo and Congjiang counties in Guizhou Province in the west. Its geographical coordinates are 107o51′-108°43′ east longitude and 24°44′-25°33′ north latitude. The maximum horizontal distance from east to west is 89 kilometers, and the maximum vertical distance from north to south is 90 kilometers.

2. Topography

Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County is located on the slopes of the southern edge of the Central Guizhou Plateau. The general terrain is high in the north and low in the south. It is surrounded by rolling hills and hills in the south. , the slightly higher altitude is 1693 meters, and the lowest altitude is 149 meters.

3. Mountain System

The mountains in the northeast of Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County are part of the Jiuwan Mountain System. The highest peak is Fenghuang Mountain, with an altitude of 1,693 meters; the northern mountainous area is dominated by Dagezhai. (1460 meters above sea level), extending to the south to become the watershed of large and small ringed rivers; the main peak in the northwest mountainous area is Jin'ao Mountain (1061.4 meters above sea level), extending from northwest to south; the west and south are dominated by karst mountains, with earth mountains and semi-mountains in between. It is an earth-and-stone mountain with towering and rugged peaks. The highest peak is Xiaodongpo in Mulun Township, with an altitude of 740.0 meters; the mountainous area in the south of the central part is the highest mountain, Baxian Mountain, with an altitude of 731.9 meters.

IV. Climate

Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate zone, with a mild climate, abundant rainfall, sufficient sunshine, no severe cold in winter, no scorching heat in summer, rain and heat in the same season, and a frost-free period. long. The average annual temperature is 19.9°C in the southern Qiuling area and 15.7°C in the northern mountainous areas; the average temperature in January is 10.1°C, and the average temperature in July is 28°C; the lowest temperature in the past years is -5.2°C, the frost-free period is 290, and the annual average The sunshine hours are 145.1 hours; the annual solar radiation is 98.89 kcal/cm2.

The average annual rainfall is 1,750 mm in the north and 1,389.1 mm in the south, concentrated from April to September, accounting for 70% of the annual rainfall. The minimum rainfall over the years is 922.8 mm, and the evaporation is 1,571.1 mm. The average relative humidity is 79%.

5. Hydrology

There are four main rivers in Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County: Dahuanjiang River, Xiaohuanjiang River, Zhongzhou River and Dagou River. All four rivers originate in Guizhou Province, flow from north to south, and merge into Longjiang.

Dahuan River: 136.5 kilometers in total length, 147.2 kilometers in the county, basin area 2850 square kilometers, maximum flow 3020 cubic meters per second (1970), minimum flow 3.1 cubic meters per second (1963), year The average flow rate is 62.43 cubic meters per second.

Xiaohuanjiang River: 136.5 kilometers in total length, 94.1 kilometers long in the county, with a drainage area of ??2,328 square kilometers and an average annual flow of 39.25 cubic meters per second.

Zhongzhou River: The total length is 136.5 kilometers, 17.1 kilometers within the county, and the average annual flow time is 39.45 cubic meters per second.

Dagou River: Dagou River is located in the west of the county and divides it from Nandan County. It is 26 kilometers long and has a rainwater collection area of ??804 square kilometers in the county. Of the above four rivers, except for the Dagou River, which has a small water volume, a large drop, and a small economic value, the Dahuanjiang River and the Zhongzhou River have a larger water volume, and all have certain development value.

6. Soil conditions

The natural soil in Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County includes five soil subtypes: red soil, yellow-red soil, yellow soil, brown lime soil, and black lime soil. The soil-forming parent rock is mainly sandy shale and limestone, followed by sandstone and shale. Yellow soil is distributed in middle and low mountains above 800 meters above sea level; yellow red soil is distributed in low hills and high hilly areas with an altitude of 500-800 meters, and red soil is distributed in In hilly lands or the middle and lower parts of low mountains below 500 meters above sea level, lime soil is mainly distributed in limestone areas, with high organic matter content, slightly acidic, deep soil layers, and strong natural fertility. Lime soil is slightly acidic, with thin soil layers and high organic content. .

7. Animal and plant resources

Huanjiang belongs to the mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved tree area, with rich forest vegetation and many species. There are 915 species of vascular plants in the county's forest area, and arbor tree species. 54 families, 162 genera, and 536 species. Common tree species include fir, masson pine, vertebrae, camphor, toon, kidney bean tree, lotus, water green hillock, green hill oak, castanopsis, big-leaf oak, nanmu, liquidambar, and maple. Common shrubs and herbaceous vegetation include myrtle, yellow vitex, white-backed tung tree, saltwood, pine, wild thatch, ciliated duckbill, ferns, etc.

In addition to rich forest resources, animal resources are also very rich. There are 260 species of terrestrial vertebrates in the county, belonging to 4 classes, 26 orders and 70 families.

Among them, there are 17 species of amphibians, accounting for 6.5% of the total; 47 species of reptiles, accounting for 18.1%; 148 species of birds, accounting for 56.9%; and 48 species of mammals, accounting for 18.5%.

9. Agricultural and sideline specialties

The unique and important natural conditions of Huanjiang breed many precious agricultural and sideline specialties, including the famous local products at home and abroad: Sichuan mountain mat, Maonan bamboo hats, Xianan beef, mellow and fragrant Maonan red cellar wine, fragrant pig, fragrant duck, fragrant beef, fragrant japonica, and shiitake mushrooms known as "five-spice" foods. Famous local products include Chuanshan mat, Minglun Fragrant japonica, Longyan fragrant fungus and camellia oil, Xianan vegetable beef, Yibei fragrant pig, etc.

Economic Construction

Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County is a major agricultural county in the northwest region of Guangxi. The county has a total area of ??453,349 hectares, including 22,697 hectares of cultivated land. There are a wide range of crop varieties, mainly There are rice, corn, silkworms, watermelon, rapeseed, peanuts, tomatoes, tobacco leaves, fruit trees, etc.

In 2002, the county's total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was 732.9 million yuan, with grain output reaching 135,000 tons, silkworm cocoon output 2,368 tons, sugar cane output 155,700 tons, fruit output 9,200 tons, and oilseed output 3,843 tons. , vegetable output reached 109,000 tons, and watermelon output reached 100,000 tons.

Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County is a major forestry county, with a land area of ??6.85 million acres and 1.893 million acres of forestry land, including 1.179 million acres of broadleaf trees, 551,000 acres of coniferous forests, and mixed coniferous and broadleaf forests. 54,000 acres, including 52,000 acres of bamboo forest, 57,000 acres of economic forest; 56,000 acres of sparse woodland; 1.677 million acres of shrub land; and 249,000 acres of woodland without standing trees. The county's standing stock volume is 485.8 cubic meters, and the forest coverage rate is 52%.

Since the reform and opening up, especially during the 1990s, state-owned, collective, and private enterprises in Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County have developed rapidly, establishing an industry with non-ferrous metal mining, dressing, and smelting, iron ore mining, and steel An industrial system dominated by smelting, agricultural product processing, building materials, chemical industry, coal, electric power and other industries.

The county currently has more than 20 non-ferrous metal mineral processing companies, with an annual raw ore processing capacity of 1.2 million tons; 5 zinc smelting companies, with an annual output of 80,000 tons of zinc roasted sand (metal content) and 130,000 tons of industrial sulfuric acid tons; 3 lead smelting enterprises, with an annual output of 15,000 tons of crude lead ingots, high-lead antimony, and electrolytic lead; 1 steel smelting enterprise, with an annual output of more than 80,000 tons, the main products include cast pig iron and steelmaking in various specifications and grades Pig iron; one metallurgical enterprise with an annual output of 5,000 tons of silicon-manganese alloy.

There are 6 coal companies, with an annual output of 250,000 tons of high-quality anthracite; 3 building materials companies, with an annual production of 200,000 tons of 425 cement and more than 30,000 tons of double ash powder; 1 sugar company, with an annual raw material processing capacity There are 250,000 tons of sugar cane and 25,000 tons of mixed sugar. The main products are white sugar and brown sugar. There is one cocoon silk enterprise with an annual output of 200 tons of white factory silk and an annual baking and drying of 1,000 tons of cocoons. The specifications for the production of white factory silk include 19/ID, 20/22D, 27/29 D, 40/44 D, etc.; 6 food processing companies, the main products are: canned vegetables, dried products, fresh products, canned fruits, preserved fruits, China's famous specialties Huanjiang Xiang pig, vegetable beef, Xiang Beef and other cured products, baked products, fresh products, and other beverage series.

In 2006, Huanjiang County achieved a local GDP of 1.998 billion yuan, an increase of 13.5% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries completed 779 million yuan, 634 million yuan and 585 million yuan respectively, an increase of 13%, 18% and 10% respectively; the fiscal revenue completed 170.03 million yuan, an increase of 30.73% over the previous year. ; The total fixed asset investment in the whole society was 915 million yuan, an increase of 25.3% over the previous year; the total retail sales of consumer goods in the whole society was 550 million yuan, an increase of 14% over the previous year; the per capita net income of farmers was 2,188 yuan, an increase of 16% over the previous year; urban residents The per capita disposable income is 7,524 yuan, an increase of 16% over the previous year; the natural population growth rate is 7.82‰, which is controlled within the control indicators issued by the autonomous region.

Science, Education, Culture and Health

Medical and health undertakings:

To achieve a well-off life, we must first be healthy. In the process of striving for a well-off society in the new socialist countryside, Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County has always given top priority to the health of the people. The county's medical and health services have developed vigorously, the people's physical quality has continued to improve, and good medical and health work has emerged. development trend.

Education

Through the joint efforts of the people of the county, Huanjiang County achieved the goal of basically universal primary compulsory education in 1992. In 1998, it also completed the basic eradication The task of illiteracy among young adults has passed national-level acceptance. In October 2005, all towns and villages in the county passed the evaluation and acceptance of the autonomous region-level universal nine-year compulsory education (hereinafter referred to as "universal nine-year education"), and the "universal nine-year" population coverage rate has reached 100%. In November 2006, the county's "popularization" work passed the autonomous region-level evaluation and acceptance.

Rural Cooperative Medical Care

In 2006, 132,000 farmers in Huanjiang County benefited from the new rural cooperative medical care, and *** paid a compensation of 6.0222 million yuan to participating farmers. , the vast number of participating farmers in the county have received tangible benefits from the new rural cooperative medical system. The new rural cooperative medical system has become increasingly obvious in reducing the burden of medical treatment on farmers and preventing farmers from falling into poverty due to illness or returning to poverty due to illness.

In 2007, 220,000 farmers in the county participated in the new rural cooperative medical system. The new rural cooperative medical system will play a more important role in building a new socialist countryside in Huanjiang County and ensuring the health of farmers in the county. big effect.

Twenty years of development achievements of the health industry

Over the past twenty years, health work has been strongly supported and guided by party committees, governments at all levels and higher-level health administrative departments, and has been based on deepening health reform. Motivation, conscientiously implement the health development guidelines and policies in the new era, closely focus on the requirements of Huanjiang County’s health development plan, adjust the layout, strengthen management, strengthen connotation construction, improve efficiency, and the health work has achieved obvious results.

Travel Services

The surrounding mountains and rivers are beautiful, with many caves and beautiful scenery; there are many kinds of rare and endangered animals and plants; there is the majestic Longtan Waterfall ; There are Maonan ancient tombs with rare and exquisite architecture in the world; there are rough and bold Maonan wood-faced dances; and there are joyful and lively Miao sister dances.

The main tourist attractions include Xiamiao Tourist Resort, Dacai Shenlong Palace, Xialan Marriage Cave, Chuanshan Ruiliang Tourist Area, Changmei Cliff Carvings, Minglun Northern Song Dynasty Archway and Xianan Ancient Tombs.

Mulun Karst Forest and Ancient Trade Road Ecological Tourism Area

Mulun Karst Forest Reserve is located in Mulun and Chuanshan Township in the northwestern part of Jiangxi Province. It was first discovered in Mulun Township. It is named after it. It is 72 kilometers away from Huanjiang County and covers an area of ??about 90 square kilometers. In 1998, it was approved by the State Council as a national nature reserve. According to the inspection and verification by experts from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Forestry, the Mulun Karst Forest Reserve belongs to the evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest ecosystem in the mid-subtropical limestone area. It has the largest surviving contiguous area of ??the karst landform area in the world, the best preservation, and the original The most unique karst forest.

Dongxing Yangmei'ao Summer Resort Scenic Area

Yangmei'ao Scenic Area is located in Jiuwandashan Jiuren Forest Farm in Dongxing Town, 120 kilometers away from the county seat and bordering Rongshui County. The forests here are dense, the ancient trees are towering, the natural forests are well preserved, and the ecological environment is good. Currently, the Yangmei'ao area is an autonomous region-level nature reserve. In 2005, it was declared a national-level nature reserve together with Rongshui and Luocheng.

Ethnic customs

The Maonan ethnic group has more than 71,000 people. The Maonan people have their own language. They belong to the Zhuang-Dong language group of the Sino-Tibetan language family and speak Chinese. They mainly live in Maonan Mountain, Jiuwanda Mountain, Fenghuang Mountain and Dashi Mountain in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China, while in Shangnan and Zhongnan in Huanjiang County, Guangxi , Xianan and the mountainous areas are even known as the "Three Souths" and are known as the "Hometown of Maonan".

The Maonan people are mainly engaged in agricultural production and also run various side businesses. The vegetable cattle raised by the Maonan people are exported to Shanghai, Hong Kong and other places, and are quite prestigious; the bambooware they weave is exquisite in craftsmanship, and the famous flowered bamboo hats are exquisite, beautiful and practical. They are both handicrafts of the Maonan people and cherished by girls. Ornaments.

The houses of the Maonan people are in the style of a gantry. The gables inside and outside the gantry are all made of wood and stone, which is strong and stable. Dry stalls are generally two-story, with people living on top and livestock pens on the bottom. There is a balcony outside the door, which provides suitable lighting and can prevent moisture. This is a masterpiece of ethnic folk residences in southern China. The pillars of the building are stone pillars, the steps inside the building are stone strips, the foundations and gables are mostly made of stones, and even the thresholds, terraces, cattle bars, tables, stools, water tanks, basins, etc. are also made of stones. They are made of stone or carved, and the flowers, birds, fish and insects carved on these stone objects are even more beautiful.

The carvings on the Maonan stone tombs are famous far and wide. The group of ancient tombs that remain on Fenghuang Mountain today are typical representatives of Maonan stone carvings. Maonan stonemasons, who have always valued meticulous carving, have given life to flowers, birds, fish, insects, characters, and utensils on the cold stone. Maonan masons do not draw lines or start drafts when creating, but rely solely on the knives and chisels in their hands to improvise carvings on the stone according to the ideas in their minds, creating lifelike images one after another.

The Maonan people live in a place with many mountains and insufficient arable land. They have developed every inch of land in the crevices of rocky mountains and built rocks to protect the soil. It can be said that they cherish the soil like gold. The Maonan people's farming is extremely precise. Their paddy fields often need to be plowed over and over again, crushing all the soil lumps in the fields before planting rice seedlings. This is why their fields have a high grain yield. Not only that, the Maonan people have long adopted methods such as dense planting, intercropping, and intercropping in mountainous planting, and have accumulated rich experience in farming in western Lingnan.

The Maonan people’s staple food is rice and corn, and their vegetables include peas, cabbage, pumpkin, beans, radishes, etc. Tofu is an important non-staple food at festival banquets. The Maonan people are very hospitable and treat guests as guests when they arrive at their home. They enthusiastically bring out the home-pickled sour meat, sour screws and pickled vegetables to entertain the guests, and also invite the guests to taste the most ethnic-flavored "Maonan rice".

Both men and women of the Maonan people like to wear blue or cyan cardigans and cardigans. Women wear very beautiful right-cardigan tops with two laces. The trousers are wider and rolled with lace. Women also wear They like to put their hair into a bun, wear jewelry, have silver, jade and other decorations on their chests, and especially like to wear hats made of flower bamboo.

Administrative divisions

Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County governs 7 towns, 7 townships, and 1 ethnic township: Si'en Town, Shuiyuan Town, Luoyang Town, Chuanshan Town, Ming Lun Town, Dongxing Town, Shangchao Town, Dacai Township, Shangnan Township, Xianan Township, Mulun Township, Daan Township, Changmei Township, Longyan Township, and Xile Miao Township.

Historical evolution

On November 1, 1986, the State Council approved (Guohan [1986] No. 152): Huanjiang County was abolished and Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County was established. The administrative area of ??the original Huanjiang County is the administrative area of ??Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County.

In 2000, Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County governed 7 towns, 7 townships, and 1 ethnic township.

According to the fifth census data: the total population of the county is 332,067, including the population of each township (person): Si'en Town 42,736 Shuiyuan Town 32,169 Luoyang Town 37,857 Chuanshan Town 31,770 Minglun Town 31,496 Dongxing Town 19383 Shangchao Town 11877 Dacai Township 10960 Shangnan Township 4266 Xianan Township 17492 Mulun Township 5331 Da'an Township 20667 Changmei Township 24981 Longyan Township 19729 Xile Miao Township 21353　

Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County in 2005 List of administrative divisions (6 towns, 5 townships, 1 ethnic township):

Sien Town governs: 2 communities in the north and south of the city; Zhongshan, Dieling, Chenshuang, Zhongxing, Southwest, and Nai There are 12 village committees including He, Sanle, Anliang, Renhe, Qingtan, Wenhua and Fulong.

Shuiyuan Town has jurisdiction over: Shuiyuan Community, Shangnan Community; 11 village committees such as Zhongjian, Heping, Lila, Xili, Sancai, Sanmei, Hanxiang, Wenping, Shandong, Minquan, and Gedan .

Luoyang Town governs: Luoyang Community; 12 village committees: Tuanjie, Pule, Miaoshi, Hehe, Guchang, Jiangkou, Yuhe, Dimeng, Yongquan, Yongan, Yamai and Wenya.

Chuanshan Town has jurisdiction over: Youdong Community, Mulun Community; Linlang, Pengban, Duchuan, Gubin, Wuwei, Hedun, Shecun, Baidan, Xiafeng, Xiaqian, and Xijiu There are 18 village committees in , Tangwan, Chaleyi, Dingji, Donggan, Dongshan and Xiarongjiang.

Minglun Town governs: Minglun Community; Yajing, Longshui, Xiangyao, Baoshan, Caibo, Cuishan, Baixiang, Jixiang, Qiancheng, Northern Song Dynasty, Yinghao, Bamian, Hekuang , Haodong, Liuping 15 village committees.

Dongxing Town governs: Dongxing Community; 10 village committees including Cai, Caile, Jiaxing, Duya, Longcheng, Daxing, Jiudeng, Pingan, Biaoshan and Chashan.

Dacai Township governs: Dacai Community; 6 village committees: Tongjin, Xinpo, Cannabis, Aihe, Sanhe, and Chonglou.

Xianan Township governs: Xianan Community; 10 village committees: Bochuan, Yifeng, Zhongnan, Guzhou, Tangba, Yuhuan, Caimen, Xiatang, Jingyang, and Xiyuan.

Da'an Township governs: Da'an Community; 5 village committees: Dingxin, Kaingai, Caiping, Tangfang, and Huanjie.

Changmei Township governs: Changmei Community; 5 village committees: Neitong, Bafu, Neidian, Guan'an and Aidong.

Longyan Township governs: Longyan Community; 12 Anshan, Daco, Jiule, Liangxing, Kenlan, Chaoge, Guangrong, Ganyan, Huangzhong, Dadong, Chenghuang, and Jiuwei Village committee.

Hunle Miao Township governs: Fushou Community, Pingye Community; 10 village committees including Pingmo, Taiping, Quan'an, Changbei, Shanggang, Zhenbei, Kangning, Shunning, Beishan and Daji .

In January 2021, the 2020 Rural Revitalization Communication Influence Counties Ranking was released, with Huanjiang County ranking 100th.

On March 15, 2019, Huanjiang County was listed on the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education nationwide in 2018.

In March 2019, Huanjiang County was included in the first batch of districts and counties for the protection and utilization of revolutionary cultural relics (Zhoujiang District).

In September 2018, the list of comprehensive demonstration counties for e-commerce in rural areas in 2018 was released, and Huanjiang County was included.

On August 16, 2018, Huanjiang County won the honor of the fourth batch of advanced units in the national rule of law county and city creation activities.