Red Dwarfs Migrated by the Earth

In recent years, the frequency of natural disasters on the earth seems to be getting higher and higher. Many people think that this is the result of human wanton destruction of the environment and self-inflicted. It must be said that after the industrial revolution, the level of science and technology advanced by leaps and bounds, but the pollution that followed did have a serious impact on the environment.

In fact, not only the "warning signal" issued by the environment, but also the energy resources on the earth are showing a trend of exhaustion under exploitation. For example, oil, which is regarded as a non-renewable resource, is expected to fall into a "oil-free recoverable" situation around 2060.

It can be seen that the fate of mankind is closely related to the earth, and the fate of the earth is directly related to the sun. However, scientists' predictions show that human time is running out, and the life of the sun is only about 5 billion years. At that time, if human civilization still exists, where should we go?

As a star, the sun accounts for 99.86% of the total mass of the solar system. It has absolute control over the solar system and is the real master. The sun was born about 4.5 billion years ago. As a yellow dwarf, its life span is about 654.38+00 billion years.

It can be seen that at present, the sun is in its prime, and it has gone through half its life. Although the sun occasionally gets angry, it is still relatively stable on the whole. But in the future, when the sun enters dusk, it will expand, its size will extend to the position of the earth, and even directly devour the earth and reach the orbit of Mars.

Therefore, scientists will say that there is not much time left for mankind. After all, after about 5 billion years, the hydrogen in the sun should have been exhausted. At that time, the sun will become a red giant, and even move in the direction of the red giant. If humans were still alive at that time, we could see the "super double version" of the sun on the earth, and the visual impact should be unforgettable.

When the sun begins to become a red giant, its luminosity and heat will change greatly, and its luminosity will be twice or more than it is now. Now we can't look directly at the sun for a long time, then the sun's light will be more dazzling. Under such strong sunlight, the earth will heat up rapidly, and the average temperature will be about 60 degrees Celsius higher than the current average temperature. With such an increase, most of the living things on the earth will perish.

After officially becoming a red giant, the sun is like an inflated balloon, which not only expands rapidly, but also becomes brighter. At this time, the light will be about 2000 times brighter than it is now. At this time, the earth is no longer in the "livable zone" and will soon become a "hot planet" under the scorching sun. Needless to say, the expanding outer layer of the sun is likely to directly devour the earth.

Therefore, when the sun begins to age, mankind will perish. Some people even say that it is not only human beings, but also the embodiment of the countdown to the "life" of the earth. If human civilization wants to survive, there is only one way to choose, and that is "interstellar migration".

Different scientists have given different choices about the destination of immigrants. Some people support staying in the solar system, while others say that humans should fly out of the solar system to find a more suitable place to live. After all, the sun has aged, and when it becomes a red giant or a white dwarf, the solar system is already in ruins.

It is difficult to find a young star and enter its livable zone to find the "second earth". At this time, the little star was listed as a candidate list. It is a red dwarf, and some people even point out that the red dwarf is the last hope of mankind.

As a famous small star, red dwarfs occupy an important position in the total number of stars. According to statistics, about three-quarters of the stars in the Milky Way are red dwarfs. Its mass is generally not more than half that of the sun, and its surface temperature is relatively low, about 2500 Kelvin to 5000 Kelvin.

So, why does this ordinary little person become the last hope of mankind? On this issue, we need to look at it from several aspects. First, the number is large. A large number means "more opportunities". Why do you say that? You know, life can be born on the earth because many conditions work together. The preferred planet for human space immigrants in the future is a planet similar to Earth, located in a livable zone, with suitable temperature and liquid water.

There is such a livable zone near the red dwarf, and the number of red dwarfs is very large, so this undoubtedly provides more choices for human beings. If there really are planets very similar to the earth near the red dwarf, then our second home will fall.

Secondly, the conditions of red dwarfs are very suitable as the new "sun". Today's solar system is naturally formed, and the earth is in a livable zone because of good luck. However, we need to choose a planet for future immigrants. If you choose the same star as the sun, I am afraid it will be difficult to enter its livable zone. After all, its mass represents their gravity is terrible.

Red dwarfs are much more friendly. After all, they are small. Moreover, the surface temperature of the red dwarf is relatively low, so it doesn't matter if you choose a slightly closer planet, and there is no risk of being pulled by gravity. Nevertheless, we should pay attention to the "tidal locking" factor. If the distance is not well controlled and tidal locking is a red dwarf, then our second home will be like the moon, with only one side facing the high temperature and the other side facing the eternal darkness.

If you want to ask who is the longevity star in the universe, then the red dwarf star must be in the top three, or even the first. Scientists have found through research that the life span of red dwarfs may be as long as one trillion years, which is really "too alive" compared with the ten billion years of the sun.

However, according to the internal nuclear fusion consumption, the mass of the red dwarf is so small that it should be consumed faster, thus aging faster. How can it live so long? Since it can't "open source", then the red dwarf has to cut back on expenses. Remember that we said in the above article that its surface temperature is very low, which is the secret of its longevity.

Instead of emitting intense light and heat like the sun, it tries to minimize its internal nuclear reaction and slowly radiate energy to the outside. Therefore, although it is small, it can burn for a longer time, but it only releases less energy and occasionally loses its temper.

At present, human beings can't determine the cycle of its "fire", only that it occasionally releases a lot of energy suddenly, and then the nearby planets will suffer. Therefore, how to effectively monitor the active period of red dwarfs and ensure that protective measures can be taken in advance near them is also a problem to be solved.

In addition to emigrating from the solar system, there are people who support staying in the solar system. Therefore, there are other planets in the solar system on the immigration candidate list, and even their nearby satellites are waiting on the list. Some people may think of Mars for the first time, but judging from the expanding outer layer of the sun, Mars at that time will not be in a livable zone, and it will become as hot as Mercury now.

Therefore, satellites near Jupiter, such as Europa, may become new homes. Because this ice-covered planet should have completely melted by then, and its surface will become an ocean. The existence of liquid water is one of the necessary conditions for the survival of life, so it is normal for Europa to be selected.

In other words, there will still be "dirt" among the candidates. After all, wandering around the earth shows us human attachment to the earth. And because there are too many people on earth, it is difficult to complete large-scale immigration at one time, in case the newly found home is not as good as the earth. Then even if the earth is "ruined", human beings will wander with the earth in order to continue civilization.