How do old people in France generally arrange their old age?

According to the report compiled by the French "European Times", in today's world where science and technology are advancing by leaps and bounds, the twilight of the elderly group has increasingly become a social problem. People from all walks of life think and call for attention, especially on the reasonable placement of the elderly. Modern society has abandoned the value concept of "four generations under one roof", and basically no old people and children live under the same roof. Even if the economy is carefree, you can't escape loneliness when you are old. How to make the old people entering the sunset stage have a suitable place to spend their old age is being tested in every country. The elderly have lost their ability to take care of themselves. How to help them solve the housing problem from the perspective of social services has been put on the agenda, and various attempts have appeared. Today, a French immigrant to Bian Xiao will tell you what old people in France are like.

Modern home for the aged

According to people's traditional ideas, people will grow old or even die in their own homes. Serge Glen, an expert on social aging, said: "For a long time, the elderly have only two choices: staying at home or living in a nursing home with medical equipment, and there is no other choice. The "Ehpad" funded by the government and specially equipped with institutions to serve the elderly actually cannot meet the needs of French society. " Because, although there are public subsidies, the "Ehpad" nursing home charges an average of 2,200 euros per month, or even higher. After most people retire, the average retirement fee is 1 1,000 euros (for women) to 1 1,300 euros (for men), which is unbearable for middle-income retirees. This situation has been unanimously warned by sociologists, because it objectively aggravates the social fault, and the people with the worst economic conditions can only be excluded from the door and must find a new way out. Laurent Darinot, a professor at Tours rabelais University, put forward the direction of his efforts in his edited collection Viillir Chezsoi, which is not a new idea.

2065438+In March 2005, the Senate passed a draft law in the first instance, allocating a budget of 40 million euros to encourage individual and collective cooperation and support actions aimed at promoting the construction of housing adapted to the aging population. In some places, existing houses have been renovated and rebuilt, while in others, "les Béguinages" houses that have quickly become fashionable have been built. This kind of residence originated in Belgium and northern France in the Middle Ages. It is built around the church, a small house where nuns live, and there are longitudinal passages connecting them. The modern nursing home built in this form has nothing to do with religion, but it retains the concept of semi-collective life. Most of them are in rural "Marpa" pension institutions, and each reception is limited to 24 people. Yi Feng, 89, and Xinmeile Co., Ltd., 92, used to be rural women. Now they each live in a 35-square-meter one-room suite and pay 65,438+0,260 euros a month. They are taken care of, often do manual work in knitting workshops, learn gymnastics, interact with school children, and spend their old age contentedly.

Intergenerational residential area

For a century, Americans have been keen to build a closed residential area called "Sun City", where the elderly of the same generation can live safely, exclude external interference and even impose strict restrictions on their relatives. The French don't like this kind of life, and they widely encourage the construction of "L' Habitat integénérational". In a building or a residential area, arrange residents of different ages to activate the atmosphere and exchange and solve spiritual needs. Located in 2 1 province, "San Apollinaire" is a typical "intergenerational village". When allocating housing, all factors are considered, such as married families, single residents, the elderly, young people, families with children and lonely people. In residential areas, each family has a private residence, an auditorium, a student canteen, a day nursery, a service department for the elderly and a clinic for Parkinson's patients. In short, all organizational work and service projects, such as housework management (nanny, household cleaning, shopping …) and daily community service (green space renovation, mail receiving and dispatching, house maintenance …), are devoted to facilitating residents, encouraging all residents to become members of the collective, and creating an atmosphere of mutual assistance and friendship in the same living environment. Vitry sur Seine in 94 provinces has also established similar "mutual assistance" settlements.

Undeniably, such a complex and diverse population composition is extremely difficult to live in harmony, and friendly ties cannot be formed naturally. To this end, every new resident who intends to move in must sign a "La Charter' Bonjour Voisin'" to ensure that it abides by moral concepts and try its best to make everyone live in a healthy and happy environment. "Every generation village" also has professionals who are responsible for daily management and always pay attention to safeguarding the peace and interests of the collective.

The elderly receive college students.

Intergenerational living mode is very popular in Spain and introduced to France, but it has not yet become the mainstream. However, the "joining hands" between the elderly and college students is very popular, and the housing demand of young students is much higher than that of the older generation, so that the demand exceeds the supply. It is common for college students or young workers to live in old people's homes and live a completely free life at low rent or by doing odd jobs. Old people who rent houses can talk about loneliness or get some sense of security.

In fact, this kind of all-nighter has existed in Paris for a long time. Most of the residents are young girls, so they are called "Jeune Fill Aupair" and "travailler au pair", who work by eating or getting a symbolic reward. Some non-governmental organizations in the city bring the two sides together and implement the relationship between life and life.

Under normal circumstances, young people looking for cheap or free accommodation must have a formal identity, contact the intermediary of the association, sign a contract with the elderly, and determine the rules of life and the obligations of both parties.

Theoretically, the reciprocal form of "the best of both worlds" is not without difficulties in the implementation process. Generally speaking, there are too many applicants, and the relevant associations can't satisfy them. Some old people have doubts about the social unrest in today's society. They are worried that helping others will be hurt by others, which is one of the reasons for the limited housing.

Besides, the generation gap is always a reality. It is difficult to establish a harmonious relationship. If you don't get along well, you will often end up with young people out.

Shared residence

Out of helplessness or inspiration, some individuals who lost their normal family environment found people to live with them, and gradually formed a limited number of "l'habitat partagé" groups. There are two old women who have been in contact for a long time somewhere in Germany. After years of widowhood, they finally decided to move to a place to live together. It is said that this is a well-known story. Out of the same idea, some countries in northern Europe have also established "co-logos des a.né s". Some old people watched the movie "Why don't we live together? ? "(Et si on vivait tous ensemble? ), according to this model, I found a few like-minded friends and sought a common life.

There are quite a few elderly people who long for a humane old age. In the town of Bagels, located in 33 provinces, there is a residential area for the elderly named "Boboyaka". In Villeneuve-asker, 59 provinces, people have built a residential area named "les Toitmoinous", which reads "We will grow old together!" Slogan. The name "les toitmoinous" consists of three parts: "Toit" (roof), "moi" (me) and "nous" (us), which has profound implications. As the name implies, it praises the social atmosphere of "harmonious life" and opposes the American concept of "sun village" that excludes the elderly and the disabled. It is a humanistic residence.

However, French experts are not optimistic about this model and think that people who have the same experience and have been in contact for many years may live together. However, the loneliness of French nationals is deeply rooted and difficult to popularize. Nevertheless, this is not the way for the elderly to live alone. In order to avoid being sent to a nursing home, some people, inspired by the new real estate company La start-up, tried to rent or buy a Shan Ye cabin built near their relatives' residence. These houses are more than 20 square meters, with complete living settings, which can guarantee the basic comfortable conditions of life and even have networking equipment; For some people, "it's better than going to a nursing home."

Autonomous living mode

More and more different generations accept the same values and apply them to solve the housing model. Autonomous housing is the most innovative form of housing, and it is still in its infancy. Based on common values or certain needs, people advocate the ideas of friendship, social integration and ecological protection, and automatically organize themselves into a collective to support their lives. A group of elderly women in Monteuil, 93 provinces of France, founded Babayagas, which aroused the interest of many places to follow suit, especially attracted many les baby boomers who were born in France in the 1950s and 1960s. They are over 60 years old, and they still have a long life after retirement, hoping to have a good year of "sunset red".

Michel sponi, a Bordeaux native who participated in the formulation of the "l' habitat autoéré" construction plan, said: "Everything started with thinking about the aging phenomenon. Everyone is saying that we should find ways to prevent the elderly from being finally thrown into nursing homes. We don't want to be a burden to our children, but we want to stay at home, feel comfortable and don't want to live alone. The concept of "autonomous residence" came into being, which is also a challenge. We hope to build and manage this future "home" independently in the form of cooperatives. It will certainly stimulate every elderly participant to do his best, help maintain personal independence, and strive to feel the joy of life for as long as possible. "

The above-mentioned Monterey's construction of "Grandmother's Home" for elderly women should be a pioneering work worthy of writing in social history, because it is the only successful independent example in France so far. Although the construction process was very bumpy, it finally succeeded.

Les Toitmoinous, founded by an elderly association in Villeneuve-d'Ascq in 59 provinces, also belongs to the same kind of struggle. The association has been committed to completing the construction plan of independent housing for many years. Reggis Valle, the president of the association, lamented: "It is a long and difficult road for the elderly to live in a truly harmonious intergenerational environment. It's hard to tell! Real estate is decreasing and the price is getting higher and higher. Local collectives, social leasing operators and developers are all in the developable area. " The dreams of a group of friends of Michel Spawney have also suffered setbacks again and again in the past few years. He said that in addition to the difficulty in site selection, raising funds is the key to the implementation of the plan. Moreover, the administrative procedures in France are extremely complicated, and there are countless rules, restrictions and procedures. There are not a few examples in which the good wishes of some social groups eventually become distant utopias.